Nomlaki

Nomlāqa Bōda
Total population
332
Regions with significant populations
United States (California)
Languages
English, formerlyNomlaki
Religion
Roundhouse religion,Christianity
Related ethnic groups
otherWintun people[1]

TheNomlaki (alsoNoamlakee,Central Wintu,Nomelaki) are aWintun people native to the area of theSacramento Valley,^[1] extending westward to theCoast Range inNorthern California. Today some Nomlaki people are enrolled in thefederally recognized tribes:Round Valley Indian Tribes,Grindstone Indian Rancheria or thePaskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians.

The Nomlaki were bordered by theWintu (Wintun) in the north, theYana in the northeast and east, theKonkow (Maiduan) in the east, thePatwin (Wintun) in the south, and theYuki in the west. They spoke theNomlaki language, but there are only partial speakers of it.^[2]

There are two main groups:

• TheRiver Nomlaki lived in theSacramento River region of the valley.
• TheHill Nomlaki lived west of the River Nomlaki. Their territory is now withinGlenn andTehama counties and the River Nomlaki region.

The Nomlaki spoke aWintuan language known asNomlaki. It was not extensively documented, however, some recordings exist of speaker Andrew Freeman and Sylvester Simmons.^[3]9780520266674

Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially.(SeePopulation of Native California.)Alfred L. Kroeber (1925:883) put the combined 1770 population of the Nomlaki, Wintu, and Patwin at 12,000.Sherburne F. Cook (1976:180-181) estimated the combined population of the Nomlaki and northern Patwin as 8,000.Walter Goldschmidt (1978:341) thought that the pre-contact population of the Nomlaki was probably more than 2,000.

Kroeber estimated the population of the Nomlaki, Wintu, and Patwin in 1910 as 1,000.

The US federal government restored thePaskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians to full tribal status in 1994. They were able to acquire land, thePaskenta Rancheria (39°52′05″N122°13′28″W / 39.86806°N 122.22444°W /39.86806; -122.22444), and establish the Rolling Hills Casino outside ofCorning, California. Nomlaki people are also enrolled in thefederally recognizedGrindstone Indian Rancheria andRound Valley Indian Tribes.

• Cook, Sherburne F. 1976a.The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Goldschmidt, Walter. 1978. "Nomlaki". InCalifornia, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 341–349. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
• Goldschmidt, Walter Rochs.Nomlaki Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.
• Kroeber, A. L. 1925.Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
• Mithun, Marianne. 1999.The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk);ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Smythe, Charles W., and Priya Helweg.Summary of Ethnological Objects in the National Museum of Natural History Associated with the Nomlaki Culture. Washington, D.C.: Repatriation Office, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 1996.
• A closely related Wintun dialect directly north of the Nomlaki, the Wintu

• Native Tribes, Groups, Language Families and Dialects of California in 1770 (map after Kroeber), California Pre-History
• Nomlaki language overview at theSurvey of California and Other Indian Languages

• Wintun
• Indigenous peoples of California

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