TheNobel family (/noʊˈbɛl/noh-BEL), is a prominentSwedish family closely related to the history both ofSweden and ofRussia in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its legacy includes its outstanding contributions to philanthropy and to the development of thearmament industry and theoil industry. Some of its foremost members areImmanuel Nobel the Younger, the engineer, developer of underwaternaval mines and inventor of the rotarylathe used to produceplywood,Ludvig Nobel, the founder ofBranobel and one of the richest and the most important men in Russia at his time, andAlfred Nobel, the inventor ofdynamite who left the major part of his estate to the creation of theNobel Prizes.
Members of the Nobel family are known not only for their interest in art but also for their inventive ability, which is sometimes referred to as aRudbeckian trait, inherited from their ancestorOlaus Rudbeck, the elder.[2] Immanuel Nobel pioneered the development of underwater mines, designed some of the firststeam engines to power Russian ships, installed the first central heating systems in Russian homes and was the first to develop modernplywood (cut with a rotary lathe).
One of his sons,Ludvig Nobel, was the founder ofThe Machine-Building Factory Ludvig Nobel, a great armaments concern and the inventor of the Nobel wheel.Ludvig was also the founder ofBranobel, the foremost Russian oil industry of its time, and launched the world's first diesel-driventugs andtankers, besides building the first Europeanpipeline.[3]
Alfred Nobel, who died childless, was the inventor ofdynamite and the founder of theNobel Prizes to the creation of which he left the bulk of his estate.
The Nobel family has created several societies, including
the Nobel Family Society, a private society of which only the descendants ofImmanuel Nobel, the younger are eligible as members,
The Nobel family is also represented in the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony, held inStockholm every year. In 2007, the Nobel family archives kept in the Archives ofLund were inscribed inUNESCO'sMemory of the World Register.[5]
Robert Nobel (1829–1896), pioneer of the Russian oil industry, m.1860 Pauline Lenngrén (1840–1918)
Ludvig Nobel (1831–1888), founder of Branobel and its first president, m.1st 1858 Mina Ahlsell (1832–1869), m. 2nd 1871 Edla Constantia Collin (1848–1921)
Alfred Nobel (1833–1896), the inventor of dynamite, instituted the Nobel Prizes
Nils Nobel-Oleinikoff (1905–1990,né Oleinikoff), last President ofBranobel, m. 1st 1933 Herta Frieda ter Meer (1911–1939), m. 2nd 1943 Dora Ahlqvist (1906–1985)
Peter Nobel-Oleinikoff (b. 1937), m. 1998 Annavon Holstein (b. 1943)
Nils Nobel-Oleinikoff (b. 1944), m. 1968 Monique de Lamare-Singery (1947–1995)
Christianne Nobel-Oleinikoff (b. 1970), m. 2006 Bruno Ferraz-Coutinho (b. 1972)
^Tolf, Robert (1976):The Russian Rockefellers : the saga of the Nobel family and the Russian oil industry. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, p. 1.ISBN0-8179-6581-5
^Schück, Henrik, Ragnar Sohlman, Anders Österling, Carl Gustaf Bernhard, the Nobel Foundation, and Wilhelm Odelberg, eds. Nobel: The Man and His Prizes. 1950. 3rd ed. Coordinating Ed., Wilhelm Odelberg. New York: American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., 1972, p. 14.ISBN0-444-00117-4 (10).ISBN978-0-444-00117-7 (13). (Originally published in Swedish as Nobelprisen 50 år: forskare, diktare, fredskämpar.)
^Yergin, Daniel (2003): The Prize: the Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power, Free Press, p. 58.ISBN0-671-79932-0
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