| No. 455 Squadron RAAF | |
|---|---|
.jpg) A No. 455 Squadron Beaufighter in 1944 | |
| Active | 23 May 1941 – 26 May 1945 |
| Country | Australia |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Australian Air Force |
| Role | Bomber Torpedo bomber |
| Part of | No. 5 Group,Bomber Command (Jun 1941 – Apr 1942) |
| Mottos | Strike and strike again[1][2][3] |
| Battle honours[4] | English Channel and North Sea, 1939–1945 Baltic, 1939–1945 Fortress Europe, 1940–1944 France and Germany, 1944–1945 Ruhr, 1940–1945 Berlin, 1940–1945 German Ports, 1940–1945 Normandy, 1944 Arctic, 1940–1945 Russia, 1941–1945 |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron badge heraldry | In front of two battle axes in saltire a winged helmet[1][2][3] |
| Squadron codes | UB (Jun 1941 – Aug 1943, Jul 1944 – May 1945)[5][6] 2 (Aug 1943 – Jul 1944)[7] |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Attack | Bristol Beaufighter |
| Bomber | Handley Page Hampden |
No. 455 Squadron was aRoyal Australian Air Force (RAAF) torpedo bomber squadron duringWorld War II and became famous as part of the "ANZAC Strike Wing" that was formed from Australian and New Zealand squadrons. Raised in early 1941, mainly from Australian personnel, the squadron served over Europe during the war, operating from various bases in the United Kingdom; it also briefly sent a detachment to the Soviet Union in 1942. OperatingHandley Page Hampdens andBristol Beaufighters, the squadron mainly undertook anti-shipping and anti-submarine operations during the war. It was disbanded in May 1945 following the cessation of hostilities against Germany.
No. 455 Squadron was formed on 23 May 1941 as anArticle XV squadron and officially raised atWilliamtown, New South Wales. Established under theEmpire Air Training Scheme, the squadron was formed for service in Europe with theRoyal Air Force and although nominally an Australian squadron, its personnel were drawn from a number of Commonwealth countries including Britain, Canada, New Zealand and Rhodesia. While the main body waited to be shipped to the UK, other Commonwealth personnel, drawn mainly from the RAF, concentratedRAF Swinderby, inLincolnshire and on 6 June 1941 the squadron was formally established.[4]
The squadron receivedHampden bombers and the bulk of the Australian personnel arrived on 1 September 1941, having departed Australia on 15 June. Initially assigned toNo. 5 Group RAF,Bomber Command in a bomber role,[4] its first operation took place while the squadron was still forming, when a single Hampden attacked Frankfurt at night on 29 August.[8] In doing so, according to theAustralian War Memorial, the squadron had the distinction of becoming the "first Australian squadron to bomb Germany".[4] Following this, the squadron increased its operational tempo, undertaking several mine laying operations off the coast of occupied France, as well attacking industrial targets in Germany.[8]
In February 1942, the squadron took part in an unsuccessful attack on the German battleshipsScharnhorst andGneisenau, before being re-roled as a torpedo-bomber squadron and transferred toRAF Coastal Command on 26 April 1942.[4]
InOperation Orator, the squadron was deployed briefly toVaenga airfield in theSoviet Union in September 1942.[4] The detachment was to operate in support of convoys bound for Russia, which were at the time suffering heavy losses. However, three of the 16 Hamptons were lost prior to arrival, while after completing one anti-shipping sweep the remaining aircraft were handed over to theSoviet Air Force with the RAAF crews instructing the Soviets on their operation. Following the completion of this task the squadron returned toRAF Sumburgh in October, where they received replacement aircraft.[8]
No. 455 Squadron continued to be employed in largely uneventful anti-shipping and anti-submarine patrols during this time. On 28 January 1943 seven aircraft from Nos. 455 and487 Squadrons sank a 3,570-tonne merchant ship with torpedoes; while a 6,018-tonne merchantman was sunk near Egero Island on 12 May. Further success followed, with a Hampden destroying theGerman submarine U-227 north of theShetland Islands on 30 April.[8] Moving toRAF Leuchars in Scotland, the squadron was re-equipped withBeaufighters in October 1943 and operated against German shipping offNorway and in theBaltic Sea until the end of the war, forming the "Anzac Strike Wing" withNo. 489 Squadron, Royal New Zealand Air Force.[4] The squadron moved toRAF Langham in Norfolk in April 1944, subsequently providing flak suppression for No. 489 Squadron's torpedo carrying Beaufighters. Commencing operations on 6 May a number of enemy ships were attacked, successfully sinking one. During these operations the Australians faced heavy naval anti-aircraft fire as well as enemy fighters. Often attacking targets in narrow Norwegian fiords, they suffered heavy casualties.[9]
In October 1944, the squadron moved toRAF Dallachy, in Scotland. On 8 November 1944 six No. 455 Squadron Beaufighters took part in an attack on German shipping inMidgulen Fiord, sinking two ships despite heavy anti-aircraft fire. Anti-shipping strikes continued into 1945, and saw the destruction of a number of vessels. The squadron moved toRAF Thornaby, from where they were involved in attacks on German shipping in the Baltic Sea.[9] The squadron's final operation of the war was flown on 3 May 1945, when they attacked two Germanminesweepers in concert with New Zealand aircraft which sunk a tanker.[9] No. 455 Squadron was disbanded on 25 May, while at Thornaby.[9] Australian losses amongst the squadron's personnel during the war amounted to 91 killed. Between April 1942 and the end of the war, it was credited with sinking 18 vessels: oneU-boat, 10merchantmen, three escorts and four minesweepers.[4]
No. 455 Squadron RAAF operated the following aircraft:[3][10][11]
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| July 1941 | April 1942 | Handley Page Hampden | B.Mk.I |
| April 1942 | December 1943 | Handley Page Hampden | TB.Mk.I |
| December 1943 | May 1945 | Bristol Beaufighter | Mk.X |
No. 455 Squadron RAAF operated from the following bases and airfields:[3][10][11]
| From | To | Base | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23 May 1941 | 15 June 1941 | Williamtown, New South Wales | Australian formation |
| 15 June 1941 | 1 September 1941 | en route to the UK | |
| 6 June 1941 | 8 February 1942 | RAF Swinderby, Lincolnshire | UK formation |
| 8 February 1942 | 28 April 1942 | RAF Wigsley, Nottinghamshire | |
| 28 April 1942 | 14 April 1944 | RAF Leuchars, Fife,Scotland | Dets. atRAF Sumburgh,Shetland Islands, Scotland; Vaenga,USSR; RAF Benbecula,Outer Hebrides, Scotland; RAF Tain,Moray, Scotland andRAF Wick, Caithness, Scotland |
| 14 April 1944 | 20 October 1944 | RAF Langham, Norfolk | Dets. atRAF Thorney Island, West Sussex andRAF Manston, Kent |
| 20 October 1944 | 25 May 1945 | RAF Dallachy, Moray, Scotland |
No. 455 Squadron was commanded by the following officers:[4][11]
| From | To | Name |
|---|---|---|
| 23 May 1941 | Squadron Leader J.H.W. Lawson (acting) | |
| 1 July 1941 | Wing Commander D.J. French | |
| 1 July 1941 | 12 December 1941 | Wing Commander J.E.C.G.F Gyll-Murray |
| 12 December 1941 | 6 February 1943 | Wing Commander G.M. Lindeman |
| 6 February 1943 | 29 November 1943 | Wing Commander R. Holmes |
| 29 November 1943 | 23 October 1944 | Wing CommanderJ.N. Davenport,DSO,DFC &Bar |
| 23 October 1944 | 25 May 1945 | Wing Commander C.G. Milson, DSO & Bar, DFC & Bar |
