| No. 307 (Lwow) Squadron RAF | |
|---|---|
 307 Squadron Logo | |
| Active | 24 August 1940 – 2 January 1947 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Allegiance |  Polish government in exile |
| Branch |  Royal Air Force |
| Role | Night fighter |
| Size | squadron |
| Part of | RAF Fighter Command |
| Nickname | Lwow Eagle-owls |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Stanisław Grodzicki |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Codes | EW (August 1940 – January 1947) |
No. 307 (Polish) Squadron, also known asNo. 307 (City of Lwów) Squadron (Polish:307 Dywizjon Myśliwski Nocny "Lwowskich Puchaczy") was a Polishsquadron formed inGreat Britain as part of an agreement between thePolish Government in Exile and theUnited Kingdom in 1940. It was one of 15 squadrons of thePolish Air Force in exile that served alongside theRoyal Air Force inWorld War II. It was the only Polishnight fighter squadron in RAF service.[1] It was named after the Polish city ofLwów, and was nicknamed "Eagle Owls".
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The nicknameLwowskie Puchacze (NOM) – "Lwów Eagle Owls" was chosen for the night fighter squadron, as theeagle owl is a nighttime avian predator that is present in Poland. The squadron inherited the traditions of the Polish pre-war 6th Aviation Regiment, that was stationed inLwów (now Lviv), with a history dating back to the battle of Lwów andGalicia against Ukrainian forces in thePolish-Ukrainian War of 1918–1919.
After its formation inBlackpool on 24 August 1940,[2] No. 307 Squadron was assembled atRAF Kirton-in-Lindsey on 5 September 1940 as a night fighter unit, flying theBoulton Paul Defiant turret-fighter. It then took up residence atRAF Jurby, on theIsle of Man. The sole surviving example of the Boulton Paul Defiant, serial number N1671, served in the squadron and can be seen on display at theRoyal Air Force Museum Cosford.
In August 1941 the squadron converted toBeaufighters which it flew until being re-equipped withMosquitoes in December 1942.
Between April 1941 and April 1943 the squadron was based at RAF Clyst Honiton, now Exeter Airport, defendingSouth West England from enemy night bombers.[3] The first Beaufighter victory was on 1 November 1941, when a crew shot down oneDornier Do 217 from II./KG 2 and damaged another (claimed as shot down).[4] That month, two more bombers were shot down and one damaged.[4] However, several of the squadron's aircraft were lost in crashes in the following months, mostly due to weather conditions or the unreliable engines of the Beaufighter Mk IIF variant.[5]
On 3/4 May 1942 when 40Junkers Ju 88 bombers attacked Exeter as part of theExeter Blitz of theBaedeker raids there were only three Polish No. 307 Squadron Beaufighters available to defend the city.[6] They managed to intercept and shoot down four of the German bombers that night (all confirmed kills).[6] That month, the squadron re-equipped with the improved Beaufighter Mk VIF.[7] In total, Beaufighter crews shot down fifteen bombers with three probables and six damaged; the last victory was the shooting down of a Do 217 on 24/25 September 1942.[8]
From 1943 the squadron was based atRAF Predannack, Cornwall, and was active as a night intruder unit over airfields in occupied France. This changed in January 1945, when its role was switched to bomber support, combating German night fighters. In 1945–46 it was based atRAF Horsham St Faith near Norwich. The squadron was disbanded on 2 January 1947[9] after the end ofWorld War II.
| From | To | Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 1940 | Mar 1941 | S/Ldr. George Charlie Tomlinson | British Officer |
| Sep 1940 | Oct 1940 | Kpt. Stanisław Pietraszkiewicz | Polish co-commander |
| Oct 1940 | Nov 1940 | Maj. Kazimierz Benz | Polish co-commander |
| Nov 1940 | Jun 1941 | Lt.Col.Stanisław Grodzicki | First as co-commander, later as Squadron Leader |
| Jun 1941 | Oct 1941 | Kpt. Jerzy Antonowicz | |
| Oct 1941 | Nov 1941 | Por. Maksymilian Lewandowski | temporary commander |
| Nov 1941 | Aug 1942 | Maj. Stanisław Brejniak | Wing Commander |
| Aug 1942 | Mar 1943 | Kpt. Jan Michałowski,VM,KW,DFC | Wing Commander |
| Mar 1943 | Apr 1943 | Kpt. Gerard Ranoszek | temporary commander |
| Apr 1943 | Jan 1944 | Maj. Jerzy Orzechowski | Wing Commander |
| Jan 1944 | May 1944 | Kpt. Maksymilian Lewandowski | Wing Commander |
| May 1944 | Mar 1945 | Kpt. Gerard Ranoszek | Wing Commander |
| Mar 1945 | Mar 1946 | Kpt.Stanisław Andrzejewski | Wing Commander |
| Mar 1946 | Jan 1947 | Kpt. Jerzy Damsz | Wing Commander |
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17 September 1940[13] | August 1941 | Boulton Paul Defiant | Mk.I |
| 14 August 1941 | May 1942 | Bristol Beaufighter | Mk.IIf |
| 5 May 1942 | February 1943 | Bristol Beaufighter | Mk.VIf |
| 21 December 1942 | January 1945 | de Havilland Mosquito | NF.II |
| 19 June 1943 | October 1943 | de Havilland Mosquito | NF.VI |
| 22 January 1944 | November 1944 | de Havilland Mosquito | NF.XII, NF.XIII |
| 24 October 1944 | January 1947 | de Havilland Mosquito | NF.30 |
On 15 November 2019, the Polish 307 night fighter squadron was honoured for defending the British city ofExeter from aGerman blitz campaign during thesecond World War. A Polish white-and-red flag flew over the city in the South West England honouring the pilots who prevented the complete destruction of Exeter in the 1942Luftwaffe attack.[14]
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