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| Nizhny Novgorod Governorate Нижегородская губерния | |||||||||||
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| Governorate of theRussian Empire (1714–1917),Russian Republic, andRSFSR (1917–1929) | |||||||||||
| 1714–1929 | |||||||||||
.svg) Location in the Russian Empire | |||||||||||
| Capital | Nizhny Novgorod | ||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
• | 51,252 km2 (19,789 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||
• 1897 | 1,584,774 | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Established | January 1714 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 14 January 1929 | ||||||||||
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Nizhny Novgorod Governorate[a] was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of theRussian Empire,Russian Republic, and theRussian SFSR, roughly corresponding to theUpper and Middle Volga region and what is now most of theNizhny Novgorod Oblast. In the early 20th Century, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate borderedKostroma andVyatka governorates to the north,Vladimir Governorate to the west,Kazan andSimbirsk governorates to the east, andPenza withTambov governorates to the south.
In the early 18th Century, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was included inKazan Governorate, from 1708–1714, and 1717–1719. The Reform of Peter the Great formed the newly governorate from 1714 to 1779. in the Reign ofCatherine the Great, the governorate was reorganized to the Viceroyalty until 1796. In 1929 the governorate was disestablished, as a result of the new administrative reform, where the governorate was again reorganized to theOblast. The governorate's administrative center was seated inNizhny Novgorod and consisted of elevenuezds.
Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was bordered by the following governorates: theVladimir Governorate to the west,Kostroma andVyatka governorates to the north,Kazan andSimbirsk governorates to the east, andPenza andTambov governorates to the south.
The area of the governorate was 48,421 km2 (18,695 mi2) in 1847, 51,252 km2 (19,789 mi2) in 1905,[1] and 81,458 km2 (31,451 mi2) in 1926.[2]
TheOka andVolga rivers divided the governorate into two parts that differed significantly in relief, geological structure, soils, and vegetation: the northern was a lowland, and the southern was an upland.
In the course of theregional reform of Peter I in 1708, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, was included in theKazan Governorate. In January 1714, a new Nizhny Novgorod Governorate separated from the northwestern part of the Kazan Governorate. In addition to Nizhny Novgorod, including the cities ofAlatyr,Arzamas,Balakhna,Vasilsursk,Gorokhovets,Kurmysh,Yuryevets,Yadrin with adjacent territories. In 1717, the Governorate was abolished, and the Governorate again merged with the Kazan Governorate.
On May 29, 1719, as a result of theSecond Peter I's reform, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate has recreated again. It included 3 provinces: Alatyr, Arzamas, Nizhny Novgorod, and 7 cities.
In the course ofCatherine II's administrative reform on September 5, 1779, the Nizhny Novgorod Viceroyalty was established, which included the former Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, as well as parts of the previously formedRyazan andVladimir viceroyalties, and a part of the Kazan Governorate.
On December 12, 1796, underPaul I, the Nizhny Novgorod Viceroyalty was renamed a Governorate.
In October 1797, the area of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was increased at the expense of the territories received during the partition of thePenza Governorate. After the accession to the throne ofAlexander I on September 9, 1801, the Penza Governorate was restored to its previous area.
In connection with theZemstvo reform, in 1865, the institute of local government introduced the Zemstvo in the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate.
The Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was among the 17 regions recognized as seriously affected during thefamine of 1891–1892.
After theOctober Revolution of 1917, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate became part of theRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) formed in 1918.
In 1922, the Governorate included the Varnavinsky and Vetluzhsky districts of the Kostroma Governorate, the Kurmyshsky district of the Simbirsk Governorate, and a small part of the Tambov Governorate.
By a decree of the Presidium of theAll-Russian Central Executive Committee on January 14, 1929, the Governorates were completely abolished. On the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, theNizhny Novgorod Oblast was formed, which also included the territories of the abolishedVyatka Governorate and small sections of the Vladimir and Kostroma governorates.[3]
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56°19′37″N44°00′27″E / 56.3269°N 44.0075°E /56.3269; 44.0075
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