Nizam al-Din Hasan al-Nisaburi
نظام الدین حسن نیشاپوری
Amanuscript copy of al-Nishaburi'sKashf Haqa'iq Zij Ilkhani, written created inTimurid Iran in 1432
Died	1328/29
Academic work
Era	Islamic Golden Age
Main interests	IslamicShafi'i,Ash'ari scholar,mathematics,astronomy,Qur'anexegete,poetry

Nizam al-Din Hasan al-Nisaburi, whose full name wasNizam al-Din Hasan ibn Mohammad ibn Hossein Qumi Nishapuri (d. 1328/29) (Persian:نظام الدین حسن نیشاپوری) was aPersianSunni^[1][2][3] IslamicShafi'i,Ash'ari scholar, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, Qur'an exegete, and poet.

Nizam al-Din Hasan al-Nisaburi, who according togenealogical information provided in his full name—Nizam al-Din Hasan ibn Mohammad ibn Hossein Qumi Nishapuri—had a grandfather from the city ofQom, was born inNishapur.^{[citation needed]}

Little is known about Nīsābūrī's early life and education.^[4] His early education was in the city of Nishapur, but he later moved toTabriz, the capital ofIl-Khanids at the time.^{[citation needed]}

Nīsābūrī studied under and worked withQutb al-Din al-Shirazi,^[4] who was himself a student ofNasir al-Din Tusi. He was one of the great scientists ofMaragheh observatory.^{[citation needed]}

In 1304, Nīsābūrī arrived in Azerbaijan; by 1306 he was in Tabrīz, the largest city in Azerbaijan.^[4]

Nīsābūrī died in 1329/1330, the year he completed hisGharāʾib.^[4]

Nīsābūrī started to writeSharḥ Taḥrīr al‐Majisṭī (تفسیر التحریر, "Commentary on the recension of the Almagest") in 1303., a commentary on a work byNasir al-Din al-Tusi. Together with an explanation al-Tusi's text, Nīsābūrī added his own results and ideas. He included data about theobliquity of the ecliptic and discussed the possibility that thetransits ofVenus andMercury across the Sun had been seen.^[4]

Nīsābūrī second astronomical work,Kashf‐i ḥaqāʾiq‐i Zīj‐i Īlkhānī ("Uncovering the Truths of the Īlkhānid Astronomical Handbook") was completed in 1308/1309. A commentary on azīj by Ṭūsī', it focused upon topics discussed in theSharḥ, such as the positions of the planets in the night sky.^[4]

Tawḍīḥ al‐Tadhkira ((توضیح الذکر), "Elucidation of the Tadhkira") was a commentary on Ṭūsī'sal‐Tadhkira fī ʿilm al‐hayʾa ("Memento on Astronomy") that investigated topics that included alternatives toPtolemy's model of the cosmos, and ideas to explain that accounted the known variations in the obliquity of the ecliptic.^[4]

TheSharḥ and theTawḍīḥ were not written for astronomers, but for students whosecurriculum included astronomy.^[4]

Nisaburi also wrote atreatise on mathematics.

Nīsābūrī's most famous work is hisGhara'ib al-Qur'an wa Ragha'ib al-Furqan (تفسير النيسابوري‎, "A Commentary on the Wonders of Quran in Exegesis"), also known asTafsir al-Nisaburi). It istafsir of theQur'an, which closely followsal-Fakhr al-Razi'stafsir in many places. The work was written to demonstrate the importance of science for religious scholars. The work reflects Nīsābūrī's scientific background, in contrast with Rāzī's bias towards the theologians.^[4]

Nīsābūrī's other religious works include:

• Owqaf al-Quran (اوقاف القران);
• Kashf-i Haqayeq-i Zij-i ilkhani (کشف حقایق زیج ایلخانی, "Explanation of the Facts"), an explanation ofZij-i Ilkhani by Nasir al-Din Tusi, written inPersian
• Al-Basaer fi mukhtasar tanqih al-Manazer (البصائر فی مختصر تنقیح المناظر), a work on the topics in al-Manazer byIbn Haytham;
• Sharh on al-Shafia by Ibn Hajib (شرح نظام بر الشافیه);

• Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
• Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi

• Bosworth, Clifford Edmund; Asimov, M. S., eds. (1992).History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. 4, part 2. Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House.ISBN 978-81208-1-596-4.
• Al-Dhahabi, Muhammad Husayn (1997).التفسير والمفسرون [Al-Tafsir wa al-Mufassirun (Interpretation and interpreters)] (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Cairo: Maktabat Wahbah. pp. 231–236.
• Morrison, Robert (2007)."Nīsābūrī: al‐Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn al‐Ḥusayn Niẓām al‐Dīn al‐Aʿraj al‐Nīsābūrī". In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.).The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. p. 837.ISBN 9780387310220. (PDF version)

Wikimedia Commons has media related toNizam al-Din Hasan al-Nishaburi.

• Islam and Science: The Intellectual Career of Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi, Robert Morrison, 2007
• زندگینامه ی ریاضیدانان دوره ی اسلامی از سده ی سوم تا سده ی یازدهم هجری، ابوالقاسم قربانی، چاپ دوم، تهران، 1375 (Biographies of the Mathematicians in the Islamic Period, from 10th to 17th century, Abulqasem Qorbani, Tehran, 1996, 2nd edition)

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