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Nitratoauric acid

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemical compound
Nitratoauric acid
Names
IUPAC name
Hydrogen tetranitratoaurate(III)[1]
Other names
  • Gold(III) nitrate
  • Auronitric acid
  • Gold(III) hydrogen nitrate
  • Aurinitric acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
EC Number
  • 236-687-0
  • InChI=1S/Au.HNO3.3NO3.3H2O/c;4*2-1(3)4;;;/h;(H,2,3,4);;;;3*1H2/q+3;;3*-1;;;
    Key: DXRCZEMEUMQLGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [N+](=O)(O)[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].O.O.O.[Au+3]
Properties
HAu(NO3)4
Molar mass445.99 g/mol (anhydrous)
500.04 g/mol (trihydrate)
AppearanceBrown Crystals[1]
Density2.84 g/cm3[1]
Melting point72.6 °C (162.7 °F; 345.8 K)[2]
Hydrolyzes[2]
Solubility in nitric acidInsoluble (0 °C)
Soluble (30 °C)
Structure[2]
Monoclinic
C2/c
a = 1214.5 pm,b = 854.4 pm,c = 1225.7 pm
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Oxidizing
GHS labelling:
GHS03: Oxidizing
Danger
H272,H302,H312,H315,H318,H332,H335
P210,P220,P221,P261,P280,P302+P352,P304+P340,P305+P351+P338,P332+P313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Related compounds
Otheranions
Chloroauric acid
Othercations
Potassium tetranitratoaurate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Chemical compound

Nitratoauric acid,hydrogen tetranitratoaurate, or simply calledgold(III) nitrate is a crystalline gold compound that forms the trihydrate,HAu(NO3)4·3H2O or more correctlyH5O2Au(NO3)4·H2O.[3][2] This compound is an intermediate in the process of extracting gold.[4] In older literature it is also known asaurinitric acid.[5]

Preparation and reactions

[edit]

Nitratoauric acid is prepared by the reaction ofgold(III) hydroxide and concentratednitric acid at 100 °C:[2][5]

Au(OH)3 + 4HNO3 → HAu(NO3)4 + 3 H2O

This compound reacts withpotassium nitrate to formpotassium tetranitratoaurate at 0 °C:[6]

HAu(NO3)4 + KNO3 → KAu(NO3)4 + HNO3

Properties

[edit]

Nitratoauric acid trihydrate decomposes to the monohydrate at 72 °C. If continually heated to 203 °C, it decomposes toauric oxide.[2]

Simple gold(III) nitrate

[edit]

The production of the simple nitrate (Au(NO3)3) was reported from the reaction of gold oxide anddinitrogen pentoxide, however, this was later proven to benitronium tetranitratoaurate ((NO2)Au(NO3)4).[7][8]

However, theammine complex of the simple gold nitrate is known. Au(NH3)4(NO3)3, also known as tetraamminegold(III) nitrate, is produced by the addition ofammonium nitrate to a solution ofchloroauric acid. Thehydrolysis of this compound producesfulminating gold.[9][10][11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abc"Gold Nitrate". ESPI Metals.
  2. ^abcdefOliver Büchner; Mathias S. Wickleder (2004). "Tetranitratogoldsäure, (H5O2)[Au(NO3)4]·H2O: Synthese, Kristallstruktur und thermisches Verhalten des ersten sauren Nitrates des Goldes".Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German).630 (7):1079–1083.doi:10.1002/zaac.200400092.
  3. ^A. Jamieson Walker (1924).The Alkali-metals and Their Congeners. the University of California: C. Griffin. p. 349.
  4. ^D. P. Graddon; H. Taube; A. G. Maddock (2017).An Introduction to Co-Ordination Chemistry(Ebook) (2nd ed.). Elsevier Science. p. 148.ISBN 9781483184111.
  5. ^abHarry Mann Gordin (1913).Elementary Chemistry (1 ed.). the University of Wisconsin - Madison: Medico-dental Publishing Company. p. 437.
  6. ^Ripan R., Chetyanu I. (1972).Inorganic chemistry. Chemistry of metals. Vol. 2. Moscow: World.
  7. ^B. O. Field; C. J. Hardy (1964). "Volatile and anhydrous nitrato-complexes of metals: preparation by the use of dinitrogen pentoxide, and measurement of infrared spectra".Journal of the Chemical Society:4428–4434.doi:10.1039/JR9640004428.
  8. ^Mathias S. Wickleder; Oliver Büchner; Frauke Gerlach; Mandus Necke; Katharina Al-Shamery; Thomas Wich; Tim Luttermann (2008). "Synthesis, Characterization and Electron Beam Assisted Decomposition of (NO2)[Au(NO3)4]".Chemistry of Materials.20 (16):5181–5185.doi:10.1021/cm800066r.
  9. ^Weishaupt, Martin; Strähle, Joachim (1976)."Kristallstruktur und Schwingungsspektrum des Tetrammingold(III) -nitrats" [Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectrum of Tetraamminegold(III)-Nitrate].Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (in German).31 (5):554–557.doi:10.1515/znb-1976-0505.
  10. ^Skibsted, L. H.; Bjerrum, Jannik (1974). "Studies on Gold Complexes. I. Robustness, Stability and Acid Dissociation of the Tetramminegold(III) Ion".Acta Chemica Scandinavica.28:740–746.doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.28a-0740 (inactive 26 August 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2025 (link)
  11. ^Michel Manfait; Alain J.P. Alix; Charles Kappenstein (1981). "Raman and infrared studies of the square planar tetraammine gold(III) nitrate and its deuterate".Inorganica Chimica Acta.50:147–152.doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)83735-4.
Gold(-I)
Gold(I)
Organogold(I) compounds
Gold(II)
Gold(I,III)
Gold(III)
Aurates(III)
Gold(V)
Gold(VI)
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