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Ningde 宁德市 | |
|---|---|
 .jpg)    Clockwise from top: Jiangbin Road along theMin River, Reach Heaven Cave atMount Taimu, Xian'gong Bridge inShouning County, houses in the old quarter of Ningde,aquaculture inXiapu County. | |
 Location of Ningde City in Fujian | |
  Ningde  Ningde | |
| Coordinates (Ningde municipal government):26°39′58″N119°32′52″E / 26.6662°N 119.5477°E /26.6662; 119.5477 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Fujian |
| Municipal seat | Jiaocheng |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Chen Rongkai |
| • Mayor | Chen Jiadong |
| Area | |
| 13,452 km2 (5,194 sq mi) | |
| Population (2010 Census) | |
| 2,821,996 | |
| • Density | 209.78/km2 (543.33/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 343,262 |
| • Metro | 623,840 |
| GDP[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 245.2 billion US$ 37.4 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 84,251 US$ 12,849 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (CST) |
| Postal code | 352000, 355000 |
| Area code | 593 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-FJ-09 |
| License Plate | 闽J |
| Local variety | Eastern Min |
| Cityflowers | Canna indica |
| Website | ningde.gov.cn |
Ningde,[a] previouslyromanized as Ningteh and Ning-Taik, is acity located along the northeastern coast ofFujian, China. It borders the provincial capital ofFuzhou City to the south,Wenzhou Prefecture ofZhejiang to the north, andNanping to the west.
Theprefecture-level Ningde City administers 1district, 2cities, 6counties, as well as 124towns,townships andsubdistricts. Listed below are the district, cities and counties, first four of which are coastal whereas the rest are located in mountainous areas.
Situated roughly 300 kilometres (190 mi) north of theTropic of Cancer, the prefecture of Ningde spans 13,500 square kilometres (5,200 sq mi) in land area. Like the rest of the province, Ningde sits in a mountainous region but it also enjoys almost 200 kilometres (120 mi) ofcoastline facing theEast China Sea. Ningde is listed No.2 in China Integrated City Index 2016's environmental ranking, a study conducted by theNational Development and Reform Commission.[2]
The warm and moist climate and fertile land in the prefecture of Ningde provide it with favorable conditions for agriculture. The largest agricultural exports from Ningde includemushroom andtea. The area also produces large quantities of various fruits, such asshaddocks,Chinese chestnuts,plums, honey peaches,lychees andlongans.
Tea cultivation has long been an important industry of Ningde. By 1999 statistics, the total area of tea plantations in Ningde had reached 463 square kilometres (179 sq mi) and the output ofgreen tea took up 10.5 percent of that of the entire country. More than 1.2 million jobs were created directly and indirectly in different stages of the tea industry. Famous brands include the Tianshan Silver-Needle Tea, Baihao Silver-Needle Tea, Fenghuangshe, Lianyue Flower Tea and Xianyan Snow Peak.
The mountainous landscape and advantageous climate conditions are also beneficial to the development offorestry. Up to 1999, 8,482 square kilometres (3,275 sq mi), or 65.2 percent of the entire prefecture, are forested. Out of this area,bamboo groves occupy 600 square kilometres (230 sq mi), producing an annual output of six million bamboo products. InFu'an alone, the green bamboo base has extended to 34 square kilometres (13 sq mi) and its output of greenbamboo shoots takes up more than 60 percent of the entire provincial output.
The prefecture of Ningde is blessed with vast area of shallow sea, which is suitable foraquaculture. In 2000, aquatic products take up 41.3 percent of the total output value of agriculture from Ningde, with an exporting value of US$82,170,000 and an annualnet income exceedingRMB 3,500 for local fishermen. Major products includeyellow croakers,oysters,razor clams,prawns and freshwatereels.
Local government is attempting to use aquaculture as a springboard to eliminate poverty and improve the local economy. Up to 2000, aquaculture had created 370,000 jobs directly and indirectly; a total of RMB 4.5 billion had been invested, drawing an annual output value of RMB 2 billion.
Ningde is a producer of many nonmetallic mineral resources, such asgranite,diorite andbasalt. The confirmed volume of granite reserves extends to 1,140 million cubic meters, while estimated amount of deposits undiscovered stands at several thousand million cubic meters. The mining area for basalt in Bailin,Fuding, known as Fuding Black, covers 0.21 square kilometres (0.081 sq mi) with a total deposit of up to 50 million cubic meters.[citation needed]
Ningde's rich hydropower resources give it a headstart in metallurgical industries. Products such asmagnesium,zirconium oxide,aluminum, high-puritysilicon carbide, and a series of othersilicon products from plants in the prefecture enjoy high reputation and are exempted from examination when exported toJapan. Advances in metallurgical technology also aids theshipbuilding industry, a traditional trade in Ningde. In recent years, local shipyards have been capable of constructing 10,000-ton steamships.[citation needed]
Ningde owns electricity industry providing energy supply for the need of local as well as for other metropolitan areas such asFuzhou andWenzhou.China Datang Corporation runs 2520 MW fired power plant inFu'an City. The first nuclear power plantNingde Nuclear Power Plant start to operate from 2008.CFR-600 is under construction inXiapu county.
Battery industry is another fast growing sector in Ningde region.CATL (寧德時代), the world's biggestlithium-ion batteries manufacturer has its headquarters and production lines located in theJiaocheng district of Ningde.
According to the2010 Census, Ningde has aregistered population of 3,393,698 inhabitants, although 2,821,996 persons declared to be permanent residents.[3] It is also the primary residential region for theShe minority people, who take up to 25% of the total population.A majority of the population speakEastern Min.
| Map |
|---|
| English name | Simplified | Pinyin | Foochow | Area | Population | Density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jiaocheng District | 蕉城区 | Jiāochéng Qū | Ciĕu-siàng-kṳ̆ | 1,537 | 623,840 | 279 |
| Fu'an City | 福安市 | Fú'ān Shì | Hók-ăng-chê | 1,795 | 563,640 | 314 |
| Fuding City | 福鼎市 | Fúdǐng Shì | Hók-tīng-chê | 1,526 | 529,534 | 347 |
| Xiapu County | 霞浦县 | Xiápǔ Xiàn | Hà-puō-gâing | 1,716 | 461,176 | 269 |
| Gutian County | 古田县 | Gǔtián Xiàn | Kŭ-chèng-gâing | 2,377 | 323,700 | 136 |
| Pingnan County | 屏南县 | Píngnán Xiàn | Bìng-nàng-gâing | 1,485 | 137,724 | 93 |
| Shouning County | 寿宁县 | Shòuníng Xiàn | Sêu-nìng-gâing | 1,425 | 175,874 | 123 |
| Zherong County | 柘荣县 | Zhèróng Xiàn | Ciá-ìng-gâing | 544 | 88,387 | 162 |
| Zhouning County | 周宁县 | Zhōuníng Xiàn | Ciŭ-nìng-gâing | 1,047 | 112,701 | 108 |
It is subjected to ahumid subtropical climate, with occasional threat oftyphoons. Within the prefecture, the mean annual temperature ranges from 13.4 to 20.2 °C (56.1 to 68.4 °F), while mean annualrainfall ranges from 1,250 to 2,350 millimetres (49 to 93 in).
| Climate data for Ningde, elevation 32 m (105 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.4 (77.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 30.9 (87.6) | 33.9 (93.0) | 36.1 (97.0) | 38.2 (100.8) | 42.0 (107.6) | 37.8 (100.0) | 37.5 (99.5) | 32.7 (90.9) | 32.4 (90.3) | 26.2 (79.2) | 42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 14.8 (58.6) | 17.5 (63.5) | 22.3 (72.1) | 26.4 (79.5) | 30.1 (86.2) | 33.5 (92.3) | 32.8 (91.0) | 30.1 (86.2) | 26.0 (78.8) | 21.4 (70.5) | 16.5 (61.7) | 23.8 (74.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.6 (51.1) | 11.2 (52.2) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 29.4 (84.9) | 28.9 (84.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 22.3 (72.1) | 17.9 (64.2) | 12.8 (55.0) | 20.0 (68.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) | 8.8 (47.8) | 11.0 (51.8) | 15.2 (59.4) | 19.7 (67.5) | 23.6 (74.5) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.9 (78.6) | 23.6 (74.5) | 19.3 (66.7) | 15.2 (59.4) | 10.2 (50.4) | 17.3 (63.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) | 1.4 (34.5) | 2.2 (36.0) | 7.3 (45.1) | 13.4 (56.1) | 16.4 (61.5) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 10.7 (51.3) | 5.5 (41.9) | −1.4 (29.5) | −1.4 (29.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 81.9 (3.22) | 101.6 (4.00) | 166.4 (6.55) | 147.2 (5.80) | 217.2 (8.55) | 297.6 (11.72) | 207.5 (8.17) | 323.0 (12.72) | 213.0 (8.39) | 85.5 (3.37) | 89.4 (3.52) | 74.4 (2.93) | 2,004.7 (78.94) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.5 | 15.1 | 18.5 | 16.3 | 18.0 | 17.6 | 13.1 | 16.2 | 14.6 | 9.0 | 11.3 | 11.5 | 174.7 |
| Average snowy days | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 77 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 79 | 81 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 71 | 74 | 74 | 77 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 92.2 | 83.5 | 95.4 | 114.8 | 121.6 | 128.6 | 209.1 | 180.6 | 151.4 | 152.8 | 107.4 | 105.9 | 1,543.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 28 | 26 | 25 | 30 | 29 | 31 | 50 | 45 | 41 | 43 | 33 | 33 | 35 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[4][5]all-time extreme temperature[6] | |||||||||||||
Ningde's history dates back to the Stamped Pottery Culture System (海印紋陶文化系統Hāi-éng-ùng-dò̤ Ùng-huá Hiê-tūng). As early as 10,000 to 20,000 years ago during the lateUpper Palaeolithic period of theStone Age (also known as the Old Stone Age) there were already human beings living and multiplying here. In 282, theJin Dynasty government established magistrate rule here.
In 1934, an Administration Supervision Zone was set up here under theRepublic of China. After the establishment of thePeople's Republic of China in 1949, the Fu'an Special Administration Zone was established. Finally in June 1971 the Zone was promoted to Ningde Prefecture.Xi Jinping served as theChinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Ningde between 1988 and 1990.
The folk arts in Ningde are varied and colorful. Among thembantieji parade (搬铁技),puppet lion dance, andpaper art are the most representative.
Thebantieji parade, mostly seen during theChinese new year, is a folk art performance popularized in Ningde since theQing Dynasty. During the parade, children dressed as characters from variousChinese folklore sit or stand on parade vehicles, which were also decorated to resemble classic scenes such as the Heavenly Palace. The vehicles then cruise along the streets in the company of jovial music.
The puppet lion dance, popular inHuotong Town andJiaocheng District, originated from toys of the local children. The lions, made of colorful fabrics, are connected to wooden racks by ropes. Each individual rope controls a part of the lion's body, such as the head, tail or foot. The racks are set on vehicles moving through the streets. Performers on the vehicles pull on the ropes to make the lions dance or perform various tricks.
Paper art, mainly practised by women, is a specialty ofZherong County. Common forms of the art include traditional flower patterns, words and daily life objects. Because of her paper art achievements, Zherong County was named "Home of Chinese Folk Arts" by theMinistry of Culture in 2000.
TheShe people have also created and left many precious cultural heritages in their long historical practice. Owing to projects in recent years to protect the She heritage, three volumes of She folk tales, songs and proverbs have been published. In total, 184 tales, 330,000 words in songs, and 6,000 proverbs have been included. Art works have also been produced out of She folklore, which reflects their way of life.
There are manycovered bridges in Ningde, particularly in Pingnan.[7] The 15,000-capacityNingde Stadium is located in the city. It is mostly used for association football.
The Ningde UNESCO GlobalGeopark was created in 2015 in a volcanic region of the coast, comprising Baishuiyang, Taimushan and Baiyunshan scenic areas.[8]
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