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Nikolaus Gerhaert

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Dutch sculptor

*Man Meditating*, an apparent self-portrait, c. 1465

Nikolaus Gerhaert (c.1420 – 28 June 1473), also known asNikolaus Gerhaert van Leyden, was a Dutchsculptor, although aside from the works attributed to him, few details are known of his life. He worked in both stone and wood.

Biography

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Gerhaert is considered to be the most influentialnorthern European sculptor of the 15th century. He was born inLeiden,Holland (present day Netherlands) sometime around 1420. Based on the location of his work, he spent most his working life in theGermanic Upper Rhine areas ofTrier,Straßburg,Baden,Konstanz, andAustrian Vienna in his last years. Much of his documented work is lost to history, but what has survived is characterized by elaborate drapery and extreme physicalrealism, both extraordinarily vivid and unconventional. His specialties weretombs,altarpieces and other religious pieces.Sandstone andlimestone are among his most frequent mediums.

One of his most well known works currently resides in theMusée de l’Œuvre Notre-Dame in Strasbourg (Alsace, present day France). Called theBuste d'homme accoudé (c. 1465), it is an undisputed masterpiece, and is believed to be a self-portrait. Gerhaert died on 28 June 1473^[1] inWiener Neustadt (present dayAustria) while working on the tomb ofEmperor Frederick III. Nicolaus Gerhaert was summoned to the imperial court to create this tomb after the death ofEmpress Eleanor of Portugal. The tomb was completed in 1513.

Works

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Public works attributed to Nicolaus Gerhaert are the following:

In Germany

Baden-Baden, parish church:Crucifix of Baden-Baden, 1467^[2]
Berlin,Bode Museum:
- Virgin and Child Known as the Dangolsheim Madonna, walnut with traces of original painting, c. 1460/65 (7055)
- Virgin and Child, limewood, c. 1465 (2240)
- Saint Anne with Virgin and Child (Anna Selbtritt), sandstone, c. 1475 (5898)
Frankfurt,Liebieghaus:Two heads, aProphet and aSibyl, fragments from the portal of the Strasbourg chancellery
Trier, Museum am Dom:Tomb of Archbishop Jakob von Sierck, 1462

In Austria

Vienna,Stephansdom:Tomb of Emperor Frederick III

In France

Strasbourg,Cathedral, chapel on the left side of the choir:Epitaph of Canon Conrad of Bussnang, 1464^[3]
Strasbourg,Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame:
- Head of an Ottoman with Turban, c. 1464
- Meditating Man (Buste d'homme accoudé), red sandstone, before 1467, the presumed self-portrait

In the United States

New York,Metropolitan Museum of Art:
- Standing Virgin and Child, circa 1470^[4]
- Reliquary Busts of Saint Catherine of Alexandria and Saint Barbara, attributed to his workshop, walnut, painted and gilded (on limewood base), c. 1465,17.190.1734 and17.190.1735, associated with the figure in Chicago as part of a dispersed high altar inWissembourg
Chicago,Art Institute of Chicago:Saint Margaret of Antioch (attributed), walnut with traces of polychromy, c. 1465

Gallery

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Dangolsheim Madonna (attributed), Strasbourg, c. 1460/65 (Bode-Museum, Berlin)
Sibyl, also referred to asBarbara von Ottenheim, Strasbourg, c. 1460/63 (Liebieghaus, Frankfurt)
Sibyl, also referred to asBarbara von Ottenheim, plaster cast from before1870
Prophet with Turban, possiblyJames of Lichtenburg (Musée de l’Œuvre Notre-Dame, Strasbourg)
Prophet with Turban, plaster cast from before 1870
Buste of Man with Lopsided Face, workshop (Musée de l’Œuvre Notre-Dame, Strasbourg)
Head of Man (attributed) (Musée de l’Œuvre Notre-Dame, Strasbourg)
Tomb of Konrad von Bussnang, 1464,Strasbourg Cathedral (detail)
Standing Virgin and Child, boxwood, tinted eyes and lips, c. 1470 (MET, New York)^[5]
Saint Margaret of Antioch, workshop, walnut, lost paint (Art Institute of Chicago)
Tomb of Emperor Frederick III inSt. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna

References

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^Renate Kohn, "Eine bisher unbekannte Grabinschrift des Niclas Gerhaert von Leyden",Wiener Geschichtsblätter 48 (Vienna 1993), pp. 164–70.
^Mechtild Ohnmacht,Das Kruzifix des Niclaus Gerhaert von Leyden in Baden-Baden von 1467: Typus, Stil, Herkunft, Nachfolge, P. Lang, Frankfurt/Berlin/Bern 1973,ISBN 3-261-00868-7 (simultaneously thesis, Munich 1971)(in German).
^Philippe Lorentz, "Nicolas Gerhaert de Leyde et le chanoine Conrad de Bussnang: au cœur d'un réseau de commanditaires", in Fabienne Joubert (ed.),L'artiste et le clerc: commandes artistiques des grands ecclésiastiques à la fin du Moyen Âge (XIV^e-XVI^e siècles), Presses Paris Sorbonne, 2006, p. 305-328,ISBN 9782840504382(in French).
^"Attributed to Niclaus Gerhaert von Leyden | Standing Virgin and Child | Austrian".The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved2 December 2023.
^Standing Virgin and Child (1996.14) on the website of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, with more pictures and commentary. It is one of only eight works in wood attributed to Gerhaert.

"Nikolaus Gerhaert von Leyden". InEncyclopædia Britannica Online.
Buste d'homme accoudé at the Musée de l'Oeuvre de Notre Dame in Strasbourg, picture and commentary from the Web Gallery of Art