Sir Nicholas Robert Hytner (/ˈhaɪtnər/HYTE-nər; born 7 May 1956) is an English theatre and film director, and film producer. He was previously the Artistic Director ofLondon'sNational Theatre. His major successes as director includeMiss Saigon,The History Boys andOne Man, Two Guvnors. He is also known for directing films such asThe Madness of King George (1994),The Crucible (1996),The History Boys (2006), andThe Lady in the Van (2015). Hytner wasknighted in the2010 New Year Honours for services to drama byQueen Elizabeth II.^[4]

Hytner was born in the prosperous suburbs of southManchester in 1956,^[5] to barristerBenet Hytner and his wife,Joyce.^[6] He is the eldest child of four,^[5] and has described his upbringing as being in "a typical Jewish, cultured family".^[5]

He attendedManchester Grammar School^[7][6][8] and went to university atTrinity Hall, Cambridge,^[7] where he studied English.^[8] He did some acting while at university, including co-scripting and performing in a televised production of the 1977 CambridgeFootlights Revue.^[6] However, Hytner did not consider acting his strong point. "I think I was savvy enough when I went to Cambridge to discover I was a poor actor," he said later.^[6] He also did some directing, including a production ofBertolt Brecht andKurt Weill'sRise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny.^[3]

After leaving Cambridge, Hytner's first "proper paid job" was as assistant toColin Graham atEnglish National Opera.^[9] Some of his earliest professional directing work was in opera, including atKent Opera,Wexford Festival Opera and a production ofRienzi atEnglish National Opera. His first theatre productions were at theNorthcott Theatre,Exeter.^[8][10] He then directed a series of productions at theLeeds Playhouse, includingThe Ruling Class byPeter Barnes, an adaptation ofTom Jones and a musical version ofAlice in Wonderland.^[8][11] In 1985 he became an Associate Director of theRoyal Exchange Theatre, Manchester,^[8] a position he retained until 1989.^[2]

Hytner was hired by producerCameron Mackintosh to directMiss Saigon, the next work fromLes Misérables creatorsAlain Boublil andClaude-Michel Schönberg. "I had seen several of Nick's opera productions – Handel's 'Xerxes' and Mozart's 'Magic Flute' – as well as some of his classical plays, and he has a marvellously visual point of view," Mackintosh said.^[12] For Hytner, "It just felt like a huge lark... It was gigantic, and I was into gigantic at the time, so I threw everything I knew at it. It was big, honest, moving, brash, kind of crazy. I had no idea that it would take off."^[5]

Hytner's London production ofMiss Saigon opened on 20 September 1989, and closed on 30 October 1999 after just over ten years, on its 4,274th performance, having grossed more than £150 million in ticket sales during its London run.^[9] Hytner also directed the New York production, where the show recouped its $10.9m investment in 39 weeks.^[9] The show, at New York'sBroadway Theatre, opened on 11 April 1991 and closed on 28 January 2001 after 4,092 performances.^[13]

Hytner was on a percentage for both London and New York productions, allowing him (then aged 34) to never need worry about money again.^[9] "It was a huge– a massive stroke of fortune," he said in 2010. "It meant that thereafter I only needed to do what I wanted to do."^[5]

What Hytner did was to continue directing theatre and opera, including several productions at London'sNational Theatre (where he had first directed in 1989 withGhetto). In 1990, he was appointed an Associate Director of the National by its then-DirectorRichard Eyre. One of the plays he directed wasAlan Bennett'sThe Madness of George III. When a film adaptation was commissioned, Bennett insisted Hytner should direct it, and the retitledThe Madness of King George (1994) became Hytner's film debut.^[14]

In 1994, Eyre announced he would be leaving the National Theatre in three years' time.^[15] "[It] made me begin to think about the vision that is needed in such a position and the fact that this needs refreshing under every directorate. I very much felt that you had to have a big idea in order to put yourself forward for such a role and as I didn't have this kind of idea at that time, I decided not to apply," Hytner said later.^[15] He continued as an Associate Director at the National until 1997, when the new Director,Trevor Nunn, took up his post.

Hytner directed more films:The Crucible (1996) withDaniel Day-Lewis,The Object of My Affection (1998) andCenter Stage (2000). The last of these was not an adaptation from a play or novel, having been based on an original screenplay. He also spent 15 months developing a film of the musicalChicago, to starMadonna, but the project foundered and was later madewith a different director and cast.^[16]

When Trevor Nunn announced that he would be leaving the National Theatre, Hytner "really felt that this time I had a strong sense of what the NT should be doing under a new Director. I had a long conversation with Christopher Hogg, then Chairman of the NT Board, andTom Stoppard about my ideas for the NT's future. These included a redefinition of how it might be possible to use the theatre spaces and opening up the NT to new audiences by lowering prices for some performances."^[15] Hytner was successful in his application for the post, and his appointment as Director was announced in September 2001.^[17] He took over from Nunn in April 2003.^[18]

Hytner's role as Director of the National involved decisions about what plays are staged. "Essentially what I do is produce 20 shows a year here," he stated in one interview.^[6] "To produce as opposed to direct, as I generate the ideas, generate the repertoire. What I do is put together the team that are going to stage the repertoire together then stand back and come in at a later stage to see how it's all going."^[6] (Hytner also directed plays himself at the National, and all his theatre work during his period as Director originated there.) But his role was also about the overall direction of the National Theatre as an organisation. "It would be wrong to say that I confine myself only to the repertoire – I don't. I think how we allocate our resources, exactly what we spend money on, is always an artistic decision. I think the amount of attention we give to what goes on in the foyers, what goes on outside, how the building looks at night, the amount of attention we give to our education work and our website are all artistic matters. They all stem from a sense of the artistic direction of the organization."^[19]

Under Hytner's directorship, the National innovated with Sunday openings,^[20] live cinema broadcasts of NT plays around the world,National Theatre Live,^[20] and with its reduced price ticket seasons. These seasons, sponsored byTravelex, offered large numbers of reduced price seats (for £10 when the scheme was introduced in 2003,^[2] with prices rising to £12 from 2011).^[20] The reduced price seasons were credited with achieving high usage for the Olivier auditorium – between 90% and 100% full during the summer months compared to a historic average of 65%, with no loss in overall income,^[2] and with encouraging a younger and more diverse audience.^[2] In 2003 it was reported that one third of the audience for the multiracial production ofHenry V in modern dress (directed by Hytner) had never been to the theatre before,^[2] and that a large section of the audience for the dramaElmina's Kitchen were Black east Londoners new to the National.^[2]

Hytner has said that this diversity was a consequence of the theatre's direction rather than the motivation for it. "I think our repertoire is more diverse than it's ever been," he said, "and I think that reflects a more diverse society and a more diverse audience. The aim, though, was not to go out and find a diverse audience but for the repertoire to reflect a greater diversity in our culture."^[19] He also said: "The rep[ertoire] should reflect the world we're part of, and it should put the society in which we live in the context of the past and, as far as we can, of the wider world."^[19]

Another of Hytner's innovations wasNT Future, a £70 million scheme (of which £59 million had been raised at October 2012)^[20] to open up the National's building and to contribute to the regeneration of theSouth Bank, to transform facilities for education and participation, and to keep ahead of new technologies and the changing needs of theatre artists and audiences.^[20]

Hytner stated as early as 2010 that he did not wish to stay as head of the National indefinitely, saying, "I've been here seven years. My predecessors have averaged 12. It's important that someone else comes in and shakes it up again so I won't be here in 10 years, that's for sure."^[6] In April 2013, he announced that he would step down as Director of the National Theatre at the end of March 2015.^[21][22] In his role as Director of National Theatre, he appeared on the Cultural Exchange as part of theRadio Four programmeFront Row, where he choseThe Marriage of Figaro byMozart as his work of art.

Hytner and Nick Starr founded the London Theatre Company opening a new 900-seat adaptable commercial theatre,Bridge Theatre nearTower Bridge in October 2017. Hytner directed the inaugural production ofYoung Marx followed by productions such as the hit immersive revivals ofWilliam Shakespeare'sJulius Caesar in 2018,A Midsummer Night's Dream in 2019 andGuys and Dolls which ran from March 2023 until January 2025.

The London Theatre Company also opened another venue with59 Productions, The Lightroom inKing's Cross, London in February 2023 used for immersive artist-led exhibitions which will also eventually become a theatrical space.^[23]

Hytner has worked extensively in opera, with many of his productions achieving critical acclaim and commercial success – his English National Opera staging ofThe Magic Flute was in repertory for 25 years.^[24] But Hytner has described himself (to an opera-related audience) as "someone who is unimpressed by his own work on the operatic stage".^[25]

Similarly, most of Hytner's films have achieved critical and commercial success, withThe Madness of King George winning BAFTA andEvening Standard awards for best British film, but he still sees himself as primarily a theatre practitioner. "I think I'm a theatre director who does other stuff," he has said. "I can't see myself as a film-maker. I love doing opera when ever I've done it, but I always see myself as visiting from the theatre, which is where I belong. The real film-maker thinks with a camera, which is something I just can't do."^[6]

Hytner is gay.^[5] Although brought up in a Jewish household, Hytner said in 2010, "I'm not a believer, but I do think it is a significant part of my adventure and it fascinates me. I couldn't say I'm a member of the Jewish community or gay community in that I don't seek out either of those communities to hang out with, but it is an important part of who I believe myself to [be]."^[6]

Hytner's mother,Joyce HytnerOBE, is a theatrical fundraiser, who has served on the board of many organisations includingThe Old Vic, theCriterion Theatre, theRoyal Court Theatre andHistoric Royal Palaces.^[5][26][27]

Television

Hytner is on the Board of Trustees of the Royal Opera House.^[51] He is a patron of many organisations includingLondon International Festival of Theatre,^[52]HighTide Festival Theatre,^[53] theShakespeare Schools Festival,^[54] Dance UK,^[55] Action for Children's Arts,^[56] Pan Intercultural Arts^[57] and Prisoners' Penfriends.^[58]

He was elected an Honorary Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in 2005,^[59] and was Visiting Professor of Contemporary Theatre atOxford University in 2000–01.^[2]

Hytner wasknighted in the2010 New Year Honours for services to drama.^[4] In spring 2014, theRoyal Northern College of Music announced it was to confer Honorary Membership of the College upon Hytner. In 2014 he was awarded an Honorary Fellowship of theRoyal Academy of Arts.^[60]

• List of British film directors

• Nicholas Hytner at theInternet Broadway Database
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• Nicholas Hytner at theBFI'sScreenonline

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