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Niccolò Pisani

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Venetian admiral
Not to be confused with Italian sculptorNicola Pisano or Italian painterNiccolò Pisano.
Statue representing Pisani as a captive, from the 18th-century façade of theDoge's Palace of Genoa

Niccolò Pisani (late 1290s – 1355) was a Venetian admiral renowned for his leadership of theVenetian navy during the 1350–1355War of the Straits between theRepublic of Venice and its rival Italian republic,Genoa.

Early life

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Niccolò Pisani was born in the late 13th century atVenice, to Pietro Pisani, son of Nicolò. His mother's name, Campagnola, is known, but not her family.[1] As is common with members of theVenetian patriciate, the presence of several namesakes means that his career cannot be reconstructed with certainty. As the historianGiuseppe Gullino comments, based on both the common practice of the time and his later career, he is likely to have spent some time in theLevant as a merchant. He is however unlikely to have been the consul inCorfu in 1319 or theBailo of Constantinople in 1334–1336, or the ambassador to theByzantine emperor,Andronikos III Palaiologos, in 1339.[1]

Rather, according to Gullino, his is to be identified with theCaptain of the Gulf (commander of theAdriatic fleet) who was charged in March 1339 with conveying the ambassadors to the Byzantine court. The appointment lasted until December of the same year, followed by a stint ascastellan of the important outpost of Modon (Methoni) on the southwestern tip ofGreece, until late summer 1342.[1] It was followed by another naval command in the Aegean, defending the localVenetian possessions and combating piracy from both theTurks and the Venetians'Genoese andProvençal rivals.[1] His service was rewarded with a monetary prize on 26 February 1345, and command of thejoint Venetian–Papal fleet, sent out to protect Christian merchants in the Aegean from Turkish pirates.[1] He was still captain of the Venetian galley fleet participating in the papally-sponsored anti-Turkish league in June 1346, being replaced byPancrazio Giustinian in early 1347.[2]

War of the Straits

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In 1350, when a centuries-long feud between Venice and Genoa erupted again into open war, theVenetian doge,Andrea Dandolo, gave the experienced Pisani command of the city's main fleet. Pisani was dispatched in 1352 to engage the Genoan navy, commanded by his counterpart and rivalPaganino Doria, nearConstantinople. There, Pisani won a victory in a brutal battle against the Genoans at theBattle of the Bosphorus. However, this victory proved indecisive, as Venetian losses were so great they were unable to continue the assault. Pisani later inflicted another devastating blow bywiping out a Genoese fleet offSardinia.[3]

Pisani's distinguished career came to an end when Doria won a crushing victory over him atPorto Longo in 1354.

Pisani was taken to Genoa, but soon released,[4] only to face prosecution on his return to Venice: he was accused of neglecting his instructions by participating in the siege of Albergho, of not taking advantage of the opportunity to attack the weaker Genoese fleet at Chios, and of abandoning the fortified harbour at Modon for the unprotected anchorage at Porto Longo. Although the charges were excessive and in all likelihood unfair, they reflected the consternation the defeat caused in Venice. Pisani was condemned on 5 August to imprisonment and a fine of 1000 pounds, as well as a prohibition of further military command.[5] He made his will on 30 August, and died soon after, between 3 September and 20 November 1355.[1]

References

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  1. ^abcdefGullino 2015.
  2. ^Setton 1976, pp. 206, 209–210.
  3. ^Crowley, Roger (2011),City of Fortune: How Venice Rules the Seas, Random House,ISBN 978-1-4000-6820-3
  4. ^Musarra 2020, p. 240.
  5. ^Musarra 2020, p. 241.

Sources

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