Most residents of Nice and its region no longer speak Niçard, and the very few[quantify] who do are fullybilingual in French as Nissard has lost its function of a vernacular language decades ago.[according to whom?] Nonetheless, today there is a developing revival of the use of the language. Some local television news is presented in Niçard (with French subtitles) and street signs in the old town of Nice are written in the dialect as well as in French. The Niçard songNissa La Bella is often regarded as the "anthem" of Nice.
Classical orthography. Preferring the native traditions of the language, this form was developed by Robert Lafont (Phonétique et graphie du provençal, 1951;L'ortografia occitana, lo provençau, 1972) and Jean-Pierre Baquié (Empari lo niçard, 1984). It is regulated by theConselh de la Lenga Occitana.
Mistralian orthography. Closer to writtenFrench, it was invented by theFélibrige (although there also exists anAcadèmia Nissarda).
An Italian orthography was abandoned when Nice joined theFrench Empire in 1861. It was briefly reinstated in 1942 and 1943 whenItaly occupied and administered the city.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Toti li persona naisson liuri e egali en dignitat e en drech. Son dotadi de rason e de consciéncia e li cau agir entre eli emb un esperit de frairesa.
Touti li persouna naisson lib(e)ri e egali en dignità e en drech. Soun doutadi de rasoun e de counsciència e li cau agì entre eli em' un esperit de frairesa.
The classifications of Occitan in dialects hesitate between defining Niçard as a specific dialect or including it in Maritime Provençal. Niçard shares some phonetical archaisms with Occitan areas as distant asAranese, which is also usingproparoxytone words. It is also sharing with Aranese a quite heavy influence of a neighbouring language (Catalan for Aranese, Italian for Niçard).[7] Regional differences are broadly accepted by linguists and French national education authorities inOccitan.Domergue Sumien defined in his PhD thesis[8] Occitan as apluricentric language, and included Niçard among the seven regional standards to be taught.[9][10] The FrenchMinistry of National Education uses either “nissart-langue d’oc”[11] or “occitan-langue d’oc nissart”.[12]
^abJean-Philippe Dalbéra.Les parlers des Alpes Maritimes: étude comparative, essai de reconstruction. London: Association Internationale d’Études Occitanes, 1994.
^Domergu Sumien. “Classificacion dei dialèctes occitans”,Lingüistica occitana 7, 2009"online"(PDF). Archived from the original on July 11, 2015. RetrievedMay 18, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^Defence in 2004. Published asLa standardisation pluricentrique de l’occitan. Nouvel enjeu sociolinguistique, développement du lexique et de la morphologie. Turnhout: Brepols. 2006
Andrews James Bruyn (1875)Essai de grammaire du dialecte mentonnais avec quelques contes, chansons et musique du pays, Nice: no name [re-ed. 1978, 1981, Menton: Société d’Art et d’Histoire du Mentonnais]
Andrews James Bruyn (1877)Vocabulaire français-mentonnais, Nice: no name [re-ed. 1977, Marseilles: Lafitte Reprints]
Baquié Joan-Pèire (1987) (collab. Andrieu SAISSI)Empari lo niçard / Apreni lo provençau, Nice: CRDP Nice / CDDP Alpes Maritimes
Barberis Francesco.Nizza italiana: raccolta di varie poesie italiane e nizzarde, corredate di note. Editore Tip. Sborgi e Guarnieri (Nizza, 1871). University of California, 2007
Bec Pierre (1970–71) (collab. Octave NANDRIS, Žarko MULJAČIĆ),Manuel pratique de philologie romane, Paris: Picard, 2 vol.
Blaquièra J. (1985)Dictionnaire français-nissart, langue d'oc, dialecte niçois, self-edited
Calvino Jean-Baptiste (1905)Nouveau dictionnaire niçois-français, Nice: Imprimerie des Alpes Maritimes [re-ed. 1993 with the following title:Dictionnaire niçois-français, français-niçois, Nîmes: Lacour]
Carles (Père) Pietro (1866)Piccolo vocabolario nizzardo-italiano, Nice
Carles (Père) Pietro (1868)Piccolo vocabolario italiano-nizzardo, Nice
Castellana Georges (1947)Dictionnaire niçois-français [re-ed. 2001, Nice: Serre]
Cerquiglini Bernard (2003) (dir.) Les langues de France, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France / Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication-DGLFLF: 125-136]
Cerquiglini Bernard (2000)Histoire de la langue française 1945-2000. Co-edited with Gérald Antoine. Paris: CNRS Editions, 2000.
Clapié Jaume, & BAQUIÉ Joan Pèire (2003)Pichin lèxico ilustrat, petit lexique illustré, niçard-françés, français-niçois, Nice: Serre
Compan André (1965)Grammaire niçoise [re-ed. 1981, Nice: Serre]
Compan André (1971)Anthologie de la littérature niçoise, coll. Biblioutèco d’istòri literàri e de critico, Toulon: L’Astrado
Dalbera Jean-Philippe (1984)Les parlers des Alpes Maritimes: étude comparative, essai de reconstruction [PhD thesis], Toulouse: Université de Toulouse 2 [ed. 1994, London: Association Internationale d’Études Occitanes]
Dalbera Jean-Philippe (2003) “Les îlots liguriens de France” [CERQUIGLINI Bernard (2003) (dir.) Les langues de France, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France / Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication-DGLFLF: 125-136]
Escola de Bellanda (2002)Diciounari nissart-francés, Nice: Fédération des Associations du Comté de Nice / Serre
Eynaudi Jules, & Cappati Louis (1931–1938)Dictionnaire de la langue niçoise, Niça: sn.
Forner WernerA propos du ligure intémélien - La cote, l'arrière-pays Travaux du cercle linguistique de Nice 1996
Forner WernerLa dialettologia ligure. Problemi e prospettive inLa dialettologia italiana oggi in G. Holtus, Tübingen 1985-1990
Gasiglia Rémy (1984)Grammaire du nissart, sl.: Institut d’Études Niçoises
Gauberti Pierre (1994)Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la langue de Peille [Pays Niçois], Nice: Serre
Gioffredo PietroStoria dele Alpi marittime libri XXIV, in HPM 1839, Torino (originally published in 1662)
Giordan Joseph (1968)Dictionnaire français-niçois: lexique complémentaire du parler de la ville de Nice et des pays environnants, sl.: sn.
Gourdon Marie-Louise (1997)Contribution à l’histoire de la langue occitane. Étude des systèmes graphiques pour écrire l’occitan (niçois, provençal, languedocien) de 1881 à 1919: itinéraires et travaux de A.L. Sardou, J.B. Calvino, L. Funel, A. Perbosc, P. Estieu [PdD thesis], Nice
Liautaud René (1985)Essai de lexique français-entraunois avec correspondences en niçois, Nice: CRDP
Miceu Giausep (1840) Grammatica nissarda: per emparà en pòou de temp lo patouas dòou paìs, Nice: Imprimarìa de la Sossietà tipografica [re-ed. Marie-Louise GOURDON (1975)La Grammatica nissarda de Joseph Micèu: biographie, étude sur les dialectes, commentaires philologiques, Nice: imprimerie Pierotti]
Pellegrini (Abbé) (1894)Lexique niçois-français, Nice: no name
