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New York metropolitan area

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the area surrounding New York City. For other such areas in the state, seeNew York State metropolitan areas.

Megacity and metropolitan region in the United States
New York metropolitan area
New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ metropolitan statistical area
New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA
combined statistical area
From top, left to right: TheFinancial District ofLower Manhattan, the world's principalfinancial center;[1][2][3][4][5]Montauk Point Light, on theEast End ofLong Island atsunrise; DowntownWhite Plains, in theHudson Valley region; theParamount Theatre, atAsbury Park Convention Hall at nightfall on theJersey Shore;Greenwich, onConnecticut'sGold Coast, home to many wealthyfinanciers andhedge funds; andMidtown Manhattan overlookingHudson County,New Jersey toward the west, across theHudson River
Map of the metropolitan divisions (MDs) of the New York metropolitan area and the additional counties that make up the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PACombined Statistical Area (CSA), as defined by theU.S. Census Bureau in 2021[6]
  New York–Jersey City–White Plains, NY–NJ MD
  Nassau County–Suffolk County, NY MD
  Newark, NJ–PA MD
  New Brunswick–Lakewood, NJ MD
  Rest of the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA

CountryUnited States
StatesNew York
New Jersey
Connecticut
Pennsylvania
Core cityNew York
Satellite cities
List of satellite cities
Area
 • Urban3,248.1 sq mi (8,413 km2)
 • Metro
6,139.6 sq mi (15,901 km2)
Population
 • Urban
[7] (2020)
19,426,449
 • Urban density5,980.8/sq mi (2,309.2/km2)
 • Metro density3,175.8/sq mi (1,226.2/km2)
 • Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) (2024)[8]
19,940,274 (1st)
 • Combined statistical area (CSA) (2024)[8]
22,342,624 (1st)
Demonyms
  • Metropolitan New Yorker
  • Tri-Stater
  • Greater New Yorker
GDP
 • Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) (2023)US$2.299 trillion (2023)
 • Combined statistical area (CSA) (2023)US$2.608 trillion (2023)
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Area codes201,203,212,332,272,347,475,484,516,551,570,609,610,631,934,640,646,718,732,845,848,860,862,908,914,917,929,973
Highest elevation 4,180 ft/1,274 m (Slide Mountain (Ulster County, New York), in theCatskill Mountains).
Lowest elevation 0 ft/0 m (sea level) at theAtlantic Ocean,Long Island Sound, and atHudson Riverestuary waterways.

TheNew York metropolitan area, also called theTri-State area and sometimes referred to asGreater New York orMetro New York, is thelargest metropolitan economy in the world, with agross metropolitan product of over US$2.6 trillion.[10] It is also thelargestmetropolitan area in the world byurban landmass,[11][12] encompassing 4,669.0 sq mi (12,093 km2).[13] Among themost populous metro areas in the world, New York is the largestmetropolitan statistical area in the United States and the only one with more than 20 million residents according to the2020 U.S. Census.

The core of this vast area, the New York metropolitan statistical area, includesNew York City and much ofDownstate New York (Long Island as well as the mid- and lowerHudson Valley),northern andcentralNew Jersey (including that state'seleven largest municipalities), andSouthwestern Connecticut. The phraseTri-State area is used to refer to the larger urbanized area of Downstate New York, northern New Jersey, and western Connecticut. The urban region'scombined statistical area, the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA combined statistical area, spans four states.

The New York metropolitan statistical area was in 2020 the most populous in the United States, with 20.1 million residents, or slightly over 6% of the nation's total population.[8] Thecombined statistical area includes 23.6 million residents as of 2020.[14][15] It is one of the largest urban agglomerations in the world.[16][17][18] The New York metropolitan area continues to be the premier gateway for legalimmigration to the United States,[19][20][21][22] having the largestforeign-born population of any metropolitan region in the world. The metropolitan statistical area covers 6,140 sq mi (15,903 km2) while the combined statistical area is 13,318 sq mi (34,493 km2), encompassing an ethnically and geographically diverse region. The New York metropolitan area's population is larger than that of the state of New York, and the metropolitanairspace accommodated over 130 million passengers in 2016.[23]

Greater New York, known as thefinancial capital of the world, is also the hub of several industries, includinghealth care,pharmaceuticals, andscientific output in life sciences,[24][25]international trade, publishing, real estate, education, fashion,entertainment, tourism, law, and manufacturing; and if the New York metropolitan area were an independentsovereign state, it would constitute theeighth-largest economy in the world. It is the most prominent financial,[26][27][28]diplomatic, andmedia hub[29][30] in the world.[27][31]

According toForbes, in 2014, the New York metropolitan area was home to eight of the top tenZIP Codes in the United States by median housing price, with six inManhattan alone.[32] The New York metropolitan area is known for its varied landscape and natural beauty, and contains five of the top ten richest places in America, according toBloomberg. These areScarsdale, New York;Short Hills, New Jersey;Old Greenwich, Connecticut;Bronxville, New York; andDarien, Connecticut.[33] The New York metropolitan region'shigher education network comprises hundreds of colleges and universities, including campuses of fourIvy Leagueuniversities:Columbia,Princeton,Yale, andCornell (atCornell Tech andWeill Cornell Medicine); the flagship campuses of public universities systems atStony Brook (SUNY),Rutgers (New Jersey),New Jersey Institute of Technology; and globally-rankedNew York University,Rockefeller University, andCold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

Definitions

[edit]

Metropolitan statistical area

[edit]
A nighttime view of the New York metropolitan area, withLong Island extending 120 miles (190 km) eastward fromManhattan, the area's central core
Part of thePalisades Interstate Park, the cliffs of theNew Jersey Palisades inBergen County, New Jersey, overlooking theHudson River,The Bronx, andUpper Manhattan inNew York City
Enveloped by theAtlantic Ocean andLong Island Sound, New York City andLong Island are home to approximately 11 million residents combined
The New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area as of March 2020

The U.S.Office of Management and Budget utilizes two definitions of the urbanized area: the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and the combined statistical area (CSA). The MSA definition is titled theNew York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area, and includes a population of 19.9 million people by 2024 Census estimates, roughly 1 in 17 Americans and nearly 2 million more than the second-placeLos Angeles Metro Area in the United States.[34] The metropolitan statistical area is further subdivided into four metropolitan divisions. The 23-county metropolitan statistical area includes 10 counties inNew York State (coextensive with thefive boroughs of New York, the two remaining counties ofLong Island, and three counties in theLowerHudson Valley) and 12 counties inNorthern andCentralNew Jersey.[35] The largesturbanized area in the United States is at the heart of the metropolitan area, theNew York–Jersey City–Newark, NY–NJ Urban Area, which had a land area of 3,248 square miles in 2020 according to the 2020 census.[36] The New York State portion of the metropolitan area, which includes the five boroughs of New York City, the lower Hudson Valley, and Long Island, accounts for over 65 percent of the state's population.

The counties and county groupings constituting the New York metropolitan area are listed below, with 2024 Census estimates:

New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area (19,940,274)

Combined statistical area

[edit]

Combined statistical areas (CSAs) group together adjacentcore-based statistical areas with a high degree of economic interconnection.[37] The New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area had an estimated population of 22.3 million as of 2024.[38] About one out of every fifteen Americans resides in this region, which includes six additional counties in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania and twoplanning regions in Connecticut. This area, less the Pennsylvania portion, is often referred to as thetri-state area and less commonly thetri-state region. The New York City televisiondesignated market area (DMA) includesPike County, Pennsylvania,[39] which is also included in the CSA.

In addition to the New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ metropolitan statistical area (MSA), the following core-based statistical areas are also included in the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA:

Geography

[edit]
High Point Monument seen from Lake Marcia at High Point inSussex County, New Jersey, the highest elevation inNew Jersey at 1,803 feet (550 m) above sea level.[41]
New York City AreaMunicipalities

The area is frequently divided into the following subregions:[42][43]

All eight subregions are often further subdivided. For instance, Long Island can be divided into itsSouth andNorth Shores (usually when speaking about Nassau County and western Suffolk County) and theEast End. The Hudson Valley and Connecticut are sometimes grouped together and referred to as the Northern Suburbs, largely because of the shared usage of theMetro-North Railroad system.[44]

Climate

[edit]

Under theKöppen climate classification, New York City, western (and parts of eastern) Long Island, and the Jersey Shore experience ahumid subtropical climate (Cfa),[45][46] and New York is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this climate type.

Much of the remainder of the metropolitan area lies in the transition zone from a humid subtropical (Cfa) to ahumid continental climate (Dfa),[45][46] and it is only the inland, more exurban areas far to the north and west such as Sussex County, New Jersey, that have a January daily average of −3 °C (26.6 °F) or below and are fully humid continental; theDfb (warm summer subtype) regime is only found inland at a higher elevation,[45] and receives greater snowfall[47] than theDfa region. Much of Monroe and most of Pike County in Pennsylvania also have a fully humid continental climate.

Summers in the area are typically hot and humid. Nighttime conditions in and around the five boroughs of New York are often exacerbated by theurban heat island phenomenon, and temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 7–8 days (on the immediateLong Island Sound and Atlantic coasts), up to in excess of 27 days (inland suburbs in New Jersey) each summer and may exceed 100 °F (38 °C).[citation needed] Normally, warm to hot temperatures begin in mid-May, and last through early October. Summers also feature passing thundershowers which build in the heat of the day and then drop brief, but intense, rainfall.

Winters are cold with a mix of rain and snow. Although prevailing winds in winter are offshore, and temper the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean, the Atlantic and the partial shielding by theAppalachians from colder air keep the New York area warmer in the winter than inland North American metropolitan areas located at similar or lesser latitudes includingPittsburgh,Cincinnati, andIndianapolis. Warm periods with 50 °F (10 °C)+ temperatures may occasionally occur during winter as well.[48] Thehardiness zone in the New York metropolitan area varies over a wide range from 5a in the highest areas of Dutchess, Monroe, and Ulster Counties to 7b in most of NYC as well as Hudson County from Bayonne up the east side of the Palisades to Route 495, the majority of Nassau County, the north coast of Monmouth County, and Copiague Harbor, Lindenhurst, and Montauk in Suffolk County.[49]

Almost all of the metropolitan area receives at least 42 inches (1,070 mm) of precipitation annually, which is relatively evenly spread throughout the year, and many areas receive upwards of 50 in (1,270 mm). Average winter snowfall for 1981 to 2010 ranges from just under 25 inches (64 cm) along the coast of Long Island to more than 50 in (127 cm) in some inland areas, but this usually varies considerably from year to year.[50] Hurricanes and tropical storms have impacted the Tri-State area in the past, though a direct hit is rare. Several areas on Long Island, New Jersey, and the Connecticut coast have been impacted by seriousstorm surges in the past. Inland areas have been impacted by heavy rain and flooding from tropical cyclones.[51]

The New York metropolitan area averages 234 days with at least somesunshine and 59% of possible sunlight annually,[52] accumulating 2,400 to 2,800 hours of sunshine per annum.[53]

Climate data for New York (Belvedere Castle,Central Park), 1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1869–present[b]
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)72
(22)		78
(26)		86
(30)		96
(36)		99
(37)		101
(38)		106
(41)		104
(40)		102
(39)		94
(34)		84
(29)		75
(24)		106
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)60.4
(15.8)		60.7
(15.9)		70.3
(21.3)		82.9
(28.3)		88.5
(31.4)		92.1
(33.4)		95.7
(35.4)		93.4
(34.1)		89.0
(31.7)		79.7
(26.5)		70.7
(21.5)		62.9
(17.2)		97.0
(36.1)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)39.5
(4.2)		42.2
(5.7)		49.9
(9.9)		61.8
(16.6)		71.4
(21.9)		79.7
(26.5)		84.9
(29.4)		83.3
(28.5)		76.2
(24.6)		64.5
(18.1)		54.0
(12.2)		44.3
(6.8)		62.6
(17.0)
Daily mean °F (°C)33.7
(0.9)		35.9
(2.2)		42.8
(6.0)		53.7
(12.1)		63.2
(17.3)		72.0
(22.2)		77.5
(25.3)		76.1
(24.5)		69.2
(20.7)		57.9
(14.4)		48.0
(8.9)		39.1
(3.9)		55.8
(13.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)27.9
(−2.3)		29.5
(−1.4)		35.8
(2.1)		45.5
(7.5)		55.0
(12.8)		64.4
(18.0)		70.1
(21.2)		68.9
(20.5)		62.3
(16.8)		51.4
(10.8)		42.0
(5.6)		33.8
(1.0)		48.9
(9.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C)9.8
(−12.3)		12.7
(−10.7)		19.7
(−6.8)		32.8
(0.4)		43.9
(6.6)		52.7
(11.5)		61.8
(16.6)		60.3
(15.7)		50.2
(10.1)		38.4
(3.6)		27.7
(−2.4)		18.0
(−7.8)		7.7
(−13.5)
Record low °F (°C)−6
(−21)		−15
(−26)		3
(−16)		12
(−11)		32
(0)		44
(7)		52
(11)		50
(10)		39
(4)		28
(−2)		5
(−15)		−13
(−25)		−15
(−26)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.64
(92)		3.19
(81)		4.29
(109)		4.09
(104)		3.96
(101)		4.54
(115)		4.60
(117)		4.56
(116)		4.31
(109)		4.38
(111)		3.58
(91)		4.38
(111)		49.52
(1,258)
Average snowfall inches (cm)8.8
(22)		10.1
(26)		5.0
(13)		0.4
(1.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.1
(0.25)		0.5
(1.3)		4.9
(12)		29.8
(76)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm)5.8
(15)		7.9
(20)		4.4
(11)		0.4
(1.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.4
(1.0)		3.7
(9.4)		12.3
(31)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)10.810.011.111.411.511.210.510.08.89.59.211.4125.4
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in)3.73.22.00.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.22.111.4
Averagerelative humidity (%)61.560.258.555.362.765.264.266.067.865.664.664.163.0
Averagedew point °F (°C)18.0
(−7.8)		19.0
(−7.2)		25.9
(−3.4)		34.0
(1.1)		47.3
(8.5)		57.4
(14.1)		61.9
(16.6)		62.1
(16.7)		55.6
(13.1)		44.1
(6.7)		34.0
(1.1)		24.6
(−4.1)		40.3
(4.6)
Mean monthlysunshine hours162.7163.1212.5225.6256.6257.3268.2268.2219.3211.2151.0139.02,534.7
Percentagepossible sunshine54555757575759635961514857
Averageultraviolet index2346788864215
Source 1:NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990; dew point 1965–1984)[55][56][57]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[58].
Sea temperature data for New York[58]
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Average sea
temperature °F (°C)		41.7
(5.4)		39.7
(4.3)		40.2
(4.5)		45.1
(7.3)		52.5
(11.4)		64.5
(18.1)		72.1
(22.3)		74.1
(23.4)		70.1
(21.2)		63.0
(17.2)		54.3
(12.4)		47.2
(8.4)		55.4
(13.0)
Climate data for White Plains, New York (Westchester Co. Airport)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)35.4
(1.9)		38.8
(3.8)		46.8
(8.2)		58.0
(14.4)		68.0
(20.0)		77.0
(25.0)		81.6
(27.6)		79.9
(26.6)		72.5
(22.5)		61.5
(16.4)		51.4
(10.8)		40.4
(4.7)		59.4
(15.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)21.1
(−6.1)		22.9
(−5.1)		29.3
(−1.5)		39.3
(4.1)		48.6
(9.2)		58.9
(14.9)		63.9
(17.7)		62.9
(17.2)		55.1
(12.8)		43.7
(6.5)		36.0
(2.2)		26.8
(−2.9)		42.5
(5.8)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.78
(96)		2.99
(76)		4.52
(115)		4.40
(112)		4.12
(105)		4.25
(108)		3.71
(94)		4.16
(106)		4.72
(120)		4.41
(112)		3.97
(101)		4.32
(110)		49.35
(1,255)
Average snowfall inches (cm)8.9
(23)		8.8
(22)		5.4
(14)		1.0
(2.5)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		.3
(0.76)		5.5
(14)		29.9
(76.26)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 inch)9.38.510.310.310.99.99.09.58.79.09.910.4115.7
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 inch)3.62.72.0.3000000.32.311.2
Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)[citation needed]
Climate data for West Point, New York
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)71
(22)		72
(22)		86
(30)		96
(36)		97
(36)		102
(39)		106
(41)		105
(41)		105
(41)		92
(33)		82
(28)		72
(22)		106
(41)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)34.8
(1.6)		38.6
(3.7)		47.7
(8.7)		60.6
(15.9)		71.3
(21.8)		79.8
(26.6)		84.5
(29.2)		82.5
(28.1)		74.8
(23.8)		62.5
(16.9)		51.3
(10.7)		39.6
(4.2)		60.7
(15.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)20.1
(−6.6)		22.4
(−5.3)		29.4
(−1.4)		40.1
(4.5)		49.8
(9.9)		59.1
(15.1)		63.7
(17.6)		63.0
(17.2)		55.2
(12.9)		44.5
(6.9)		35.8
(2.1)		26.2
(−3.2)		42.4
(5.8)
Record low °F (°C)−15
(−26)		−17
(−27)		−2
(−19)		12
(−11)		25
(−4)		39
(4)		40
(4)		35
(2)		28
(−2)		20
(−7)		5
(−15)		−16
(−27)		−17
(−27)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.73
(95)		2.97
(75)		3.93
(100)		4.00
(102)		4.15
(105)		4.59
(117)		4.59
(117)		4.54
(115)		4.47
(114)		4.99
(127)		4.33
(110)		4.27
(108)		50.55
(1,284)
Average snowfall inches (cm)12.2
(31)		11.2
(28)		5.6
(14)		.2
(0.51)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		.6
(1.5)		5.5
(14)		35.3
(89.01)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 inch)9.87.89.210.611.411.310.29.38.28.89.410.0115.9
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 inch)5.13.11.6.1000000.31.711.9
Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)[59][60]
Climate data for Bridgehampton, New York
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)67
(19)		63
(17)		79
(26)		92
(33)		93
(34)		95
(35)		102
(39)		100
(38)		94
(34)		88
(31)		75
(24)		70
(21)		102
(39)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)38.9
(3.8)		40.5
(4.7)		47.0
(8.3)		56.3
(13.5)		66.1
(18.9)		75.2
(24.0)		81.0
(27.2)		80.2
(26.8)		73.5
(23.1)		63.2
(17.3)		53.7
(12.1)		43.8
(6.6)		60.0
(15.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)23.8
(−4.6)		25.5
(−3.6)		31.0
(−0.6)		39.6
(4.2)		48.2
(9.0)		58.3
(14.6)		64.0
(17.8)		63.2
(17.3)		56.0
(13.3)		45.1
(7.3)		37.5
(3.1)		28.6
(−1.9)		43.4
(6.3)
Record low °F (°C)−11
(−24)		−12
(−24)		6
(−14)		14
(−10)		29
(−2)		36
(2)		46
(8)		41
(5)		35
(2)		22
(−6)		10
(−12)		−6
(−21)		−12
(−24)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)4.00
(102)		3.72
(94)		5.07
(129)		4.52
(115)		3.78
(96)		4.12
(105)		3.45
(88)		3.92
(100)		4.60
(117)		4.20
(107)		4.37
(111)		4.38
(111)		50.13
(1,275)
Average snowfall inches (cm)7.8
(20)		8.4
(21)		5.0
(13)		.9
(2.3)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		.7
(1.8)		3.9
(9.9)		26.7
(68)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 inch)9.98.910.210.510.78.87.97.78.18.49.510.0110.6
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 inch)3.23.01.9.3000000.21.710.3
Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)[citation needed]
Climate data for Newark, New Jersey (Newark Liberty Int'l)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)74
(23)		76
(24)		89
(32)		97
(36)		99
(37)		102
(39)		108
(42)		105
(41)		105
(41)		93
(34)		85
(29)		76
(24)		108
(42)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)38.8
(3.8)		42.3
(5.7)		50.7
(10.4)		62.0
(16.7)		72.1
(22.3)		81.5
(27.5)		86.0
(30.0)		84.0
(28.9)		76.7
(24.8)		65.3
(18.5)		54.6
(12.6)		43.5
(6.4)		63.1
(17.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)24.5
(−4.2)		26.9
(−2.8)		33.6
(0.9)		43.7
(6.5)		53.3
(11.8)		63.3
(17.4)		68.7
(20.4)		67.5
(19.7)		59.7
(15.4)		48.0
(8.9)		39.0
(3.9)		29.6
(−1.3)		46.5
(8.1)
Record low °F (°C)−8
(−22)		−14
(−26)		6
(−14)		16
(−9)		33
(1)		41
(5)		51
(11)		45
(7)		35
(2)		25
(−4)		12
(−11)		−8
(−22)		−14
(−26)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.53
(90)		2.88
(73)		4.18
(106)		4.20
(107)		4.09
(104)		4.02
(102)		4.76
(121)		3.70
(94)		3.82
(97)		3.60
(91)		3.65
(93)		3.80
(97)		46.24
(1,174)
Average snowfall inches (cm)8.9
(23)		9.5
(24)		4.4
(11)		.9
(2.3)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		.4
(1.0)		5.4
(14)		29.5
(75.3)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 inch)10.49.811.011.511.311.010.19.78.68.79.510.6122.1
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 inch)5.03.72.4.4000000.42.914.7
Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)[citation needed]
Climate data for Morristown, New Jersey
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)38
(3)		41
(5)		50
(10)		61
(16)		71
(22)		80
(27)		85
(29)		83
(28)		75
(24)		65
(18)		54
(12)		43
(6)		62
(17)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)18
(−8)		19
(−7)		27
(−3)		36
(2)		46
(8)		54
(12)		59
(15)		58
(14)		51
(11)		39
(4)		32
(0)		23
(−5)		39
(4)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)4.50
(114)		3.00
(76)		4.41
(112)		4.64
(118)		5.09
(129)		4.40
(112)		5.29
(134)		4.37
(111)		5.33
(135)		4.17
(106)		4.37
(111)		4.10
(104)		53.67
(1,363)
Source:[61]
Climate data for Toms River, New Jersey
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)75
(24)		75
(24)		87
(31)		97
(36)		99
(37)		102
(39)		105
(41)		105
(41)		103
(39)		91
(33)		85
(29)		75
(24)		105
(41)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)41
(5)		44
(7)		51
(11)		61
(16)		71
(22)		80
(27)		85
(29)		83
(28)		77
(25)		67
(19)		57
(14)		46
(8)		64
(18)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)22
(−6)		24
(−4)		30
(−1)		39
(4)		49
(9)		59
(15)		64
(18)		62
(17)		55
(13)		43
(6)		35
(2)		27
(−3)		42
(6)
Record low °F (°C)−24
(−31)		−24
(−31)		−4
(−20)		12
(−11)		27
(−3)		37
(3)		43
(6)		38
(3)		31
(−1)		20
(−7)		9
(−13)		−12
(−24)		−24
(−31)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.92
(100)		3.30
(84)		4.79
(122)		4.07
(103)		3.73
(95)		3.80
(97)		4.60
(117)		4.69
(119)		3.79
(96)		3.90
(99)		4.11
(104)		4.51
(115)		49.8
(1,260)
Average snowfall inches (cm)7.01
(17.8)		5.99
(15.2)		5.00
(12.7)		0.98
(2.5)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0.98
(2.5)		4.02
(10.2)		23.98
(60.9)
Average precipitation days11101111111099881010118
Average snowy days432.5000000.2211.7
Mean monthlysunshine hours155.0155.4201.5216.0244.9270.0275.9260.4219.0204.6156.0136.42,495.1
Source: weather.com[62]
Climate data for Bridgeport, Connecticut (Sikorsky Airport)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)68
(20)		67
(19)		84
(29)		91
(33)		97
(36)		97
(36)		103
(39)		100
(38)		99
(37)		89
(32)		78
(26)		76
(24)		103
(39)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)37.1
(2.8)		39.7
(4.3)		47.2
(8.4)		57.6
(14.2)		67.6
(19.8)		77.0
(25.0)		82.1
(27.8)		80.8
(27.1)		74.0
(23.3)		63.2
(17.3)		53.1
(11.7)		42.3
(5.7)		60.1
(15.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)23.1
(−4.9)		25.2
(−3.8)		31.4
(−0.3)		41.0
(5.0)		50.5
(10.3)		60.2
(15.7)		66.3
(19.1)		65.6
(18.7)		58.0
(14.4)		46.4
(8.0)		37.9
(3.3)		28.4
(−2.0)		44.5
(6.9)
Record low °F (°C)−7
(−22)		−5
(−21)		4
(−16)		18
(−8)		31
(−1)		41
(5)		49
(9)		44
(7)		36
(2)		26
(−3)		16
(−9)		−4
(−20)		−7
(−22)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.10
(79)		2.79
(71)		4.04
(103)		4.13
(105)		3.80
(97)		3.64
(92)		3.46
(88)		3.96
(101)		3.48
(88)		3.64
(92)		3.39
(86)		3.33
(85)		42.75
(1,086)
Average snowfall inches (cm)9.2
(23)		8.2
(21)		5.4
(14)		.9
(2.3)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		.7
(1.8)		5.5
(14)		30.0
(76)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 inch)10.99.711.311.011.811.18.98.98.28.810.011.1121.7
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 inch)5.03.62.4.3000000.53.115.0
Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)[citation needed]
Climate data for Danbury, Connecticut
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)71
(22)		77
(25)		92
(33)		95
(35)		97
(36)		105
(41)		106
(41)		104
(40)		100
(38)		91
(33)		82
(28)		80
(27)		106
(41)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)35.6
(2.0)		39.6
(4.2)		48.7
(9.3)		61.0
(16.1)		71.9
(22.2)		80.8
(27.1)		84.9
(29.4)		82.5
(28.1)		74.5
(23.6)		62.7
(17.1)		51.3
(10.7)		39.9
(4.4)		61.1
(16.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)19.2
(−7.1)		21.8
(−5.7)		28.6
(−1.9)		38.9
(3.8)		48.4
(9.1)		58.5
(14.7)		63.4
(17.4)		61.8
(16.6)		53.4
(11.9)		41.8
(5.4)		33.6
(0.9)		24.6
(−4.1)		41.2
(5.1)
Record low °F (°C)−18
(−28)		−16
(−27)		−9
(−23)		14
(−10)		25
(−4)		35
(2)		38
(3)		37
(3)		23
(−5)		16
(−9)		0
(−18)		−11
(−24)		−18
(−28)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.76
(96)		3.18
(81)		4.43
(113)		4.36
(111)		4.57
(116)		4.74
(120)		4.99
(127)		4.55
(116)		4.66
(118)		4.89
(124)		4.54
(115)		4.16
(106)		52.83
(1,343)
Average snowfall inches (cm)14.9
(38)		13.1
(33)		9.7
(25)		1.6
(4.1)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		1.2
(3.0)		9.7
(25)		50.2
(128.1)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 inch)11.510.011.811.512.212.010.49.49.39.210.011.6128.9
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 inch)7.95.44.2.900000.11.05.024.5
Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)[citation needed]
Climate data for Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)72
(22)		74
(23)		87
(31)		96
(36)		97
(36)		110
(43)		104
(40)		103
(39)		106
(41)		95
(35)		98
(37)		72
(22)		110
(43)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)35
(2)		39
(4)		49
(9)		61
(16)		72
(22)		80
(27)		85
(29)		83
(28)		75
(24)		64
(18)		51
(11)		40
(4)		61
(16)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)16
(−9)		17
(−8)		26
(−3)		36
(2)		46
(8)		55
(13)		59
(15)		58
(14)		50
(10)		38
(3)		30
(−1)		22
(−6)		38
(3)
Record low °F (°C)−25
(−32)		−21
(−29)		−14
(−26)		10
(−12)		24
(−4)		32
(0)		36
(2)		32
(0)		20
(−7)		14
(−10)		2
(−17)		−14
(−26)		−25
(−32)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.98
(101)		3.01
(76)		3.84
(98)		4.00
(102)		5.01
(127)		4.56
(116)		4.42
(112)		4.28
(109)		4.89
(124)		3.81
(97)		4.26
(108)		3.92
(100)		49.98
(1,270)
Source: Weatherbase[63]

Subregions

[edit]

New York City

[edit]
Main article:New York City

The geographical, cultural, and economic center of the metropolitan area is New York City, the most populous city in the United States and has been described as thecapital of the world.[64] The city consists of fiveboroughs, each of which is coterminous with acounty of New York State. The five boroughs –Brooklyn,Queens,Manhattan, theBronx, andStaten Island – wereconsolidated into a single city in 1898.[65] With a Census-estimatedpopulation of 8,335,897 in 2022 (8,467,513 in 2021[66][67]), distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2),[68] New York is themost densely populated major city in the United States.[69] Aglobal power city,[70] New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance,health care andlife sciences,[25] media, dining, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace[71][72] defining the termNew York minute.[73] Home to theheadquarters of the United Nations,[74] New York is an important center forinternational diplomacy.[75] New York is aglobal city[76] and has been described as thecultural,[77][78]financial,[26][27]entertainment,[64] andmedia capital[29][30] of the world, as well as the world's most economically powerful city.[31][27][79][28]

Long Island

[edit]
Main article:Long Island
A welcome sign inGarden City inNassau County onLong Island
Westhampton,Suffolk County, New York, on theEast End ofLong Island in December 2008
Great Neck North High School inGreat Neck,Nassau County
TheOtto Kahn Estate on Long Island's historicNorth Shore. ThisGilded Age estate served as partial inspiration for the"Gatsby estate" inF. Scott Fitzgerald'sThe Great Gatsby.[80]

Long Island, the most populous island in the United States, is located just off the northeast coast of the United States and is a region wholly included within both the U.S. state of New York and the New York metropolitan area. Extending 118 miles east-northeast ofRoosevelt Island, Manhattan fromNew York Harbor into theAtlantic Ocean, the island comprises four counties: Kings and Queens (these form the New Yorkboroughs ofBrooklyn andQueens, respectively) to the west; thenNassau andSuffolk to the east. However, most people in the New York metropolitan area (even those living in Queens and Brooklyn) colloquially use the term "Long Island" (or "The Island") exclusively to refer to Nassau County and Suffolk County collectively, which are mainly suburban in character.[81] North of the island isLong Island Sound, across which are the U.S. states ofConnecticut andRhode Island.

With a population of 8,063,232 enumerated at the2020 U.S. Census, constituting nearly 40% of New York State's population,[82][83][84][85][86] the majority of New York City residents, 58.4% as of 2020, live on Long Island, namely the estimated 4,896,398 residents living in theNew York City boroughs ofBrooklyn andQueens.[87] Long Island is themost populated island in any U.S. state or territory, and the 17th-most populous island in the world (ahead ofIreland,Jamaica, andHokkaidō). Itspopulation density is 5,571 inhabitants per square mile (2,151/km2). If Long Island geographically constituted an independent metropolitan statistical area, it would rankfourth most populous in the United States; while if it were a U.S. state, Long Island would rank13th in population andfirst in population density. Queens is the mostethnically diverse urban area in the world.[88][89] TheTown of Hempstead in Nassau County, with an estimated population of 770,367 in 2016, is the most populous municipality in the New York metropolitan area outside of New York City.[90]

Long Island is also the17th most populous island in the world, but is more prominently known for recreation, boating, and miles of public beaches, including numerous town, county, and state parks, as well asFire Island National Seashore and wealthy and expensive coastal residential enclaves. Along the north shore, theGold Coast of Long Island, featured in the filmThe Great Gatsby, is an upscale section of Nassau and western Suffolk counties that once featured many lavish mansions built and inhabited by wealthy businesstycoons in the earlier years of the 20th century, of which only a few remain preserved as historic sites. TheEast End of Long Island (known as the "Twin Forks" because of its physical shape) boasts open spaces for farmland andwineries. The South Fork, in particular, comprises numerous towns and villages known collectively as "The Hamptons" and has an international reputation as a "playground for the rich and famous", with some of the wealthiest communities in the United States. In 2015, according toBusiness Insider, the 11962 zip code encompassingSagaponack, withinSouthampton, was listed as the most expensive in the U.S. by real estate-listings site Property Shark, with a median home sale price of $5,125,000.[91]

During the summer season, many celebrities and the wealthy visit or reside in mansions and waterfront homes, while others spend weekends enjoying the beaches, gardens, bars, restaurants, and nightclubs.

Long Island is served by a network ofparkways andexpressways, with theLong Island Expressway,Northern State Parkway, andSouthern State Parkway being major east–west routes across significant portions of the island.Commuter rail access is provided by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)Long Island Rail Road, one of the largest commuter railroads in the United States. Air travel needs are served by several airports. Within Queens, the island is home toJohn F. Kennedy International Airport andLaGuardia Airport, two of the three major airline hubs serving the New York area (with Newark Liberty International Airport being the third; all three major airports are operated by The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey).Long Island MacArthur Airport (serving commercial airlines) andFarmingdale/Republic Airport (private and commuter flights) are both located in Suffolk County.

Lower Hudson Valley

[edit]
Main article:Hudson Valley
Sugarloaf Hill inPutnam County, New York, in theHudson Valley
Bear Mountain Bridge, which connectsWestchester andOrange counties inNew York State, across theHudson River

Known for itshilly terrain, picturesque settings, and quaint small towns andvillages, the Lower Hudson Valley is centered around theHudson River north of New York City and lies within New York State.Westchester andPutnam counties are located on the eastern side of the river, andRockland andOrange counties are located on the western side of the river. Westchester and Rockland counties are connected by the heavily traffickedNew Tappan Zee Bridge, as well as by theBear Mountain Bridge near their northern ends. Several branches of theMTA Metro-North Railroad serve the region's rail commuters.Southern Westchester County contains more densely populated areas and includes the cities ofYonkers,Mount Vernon,New Rochelle, andWhite Plains. Many of the suburban communities of Westchester are known for their affluence and expense (some examples: Bronxville, Scarsdale, Chappaqua, Armonk, Pound Ridge, Katonah, and Briarcliff Manor). Rockland's river towns along the Hudson, includingNyack andPiermont, are known for their vibrant dining and art scenes. 30% of Rockland's land area is designated parkland with impressive scenery, which attracts many visitors from the tri-state area. In recent years, the high cost of housing in the Lower Hudson Valley, plus increased remote working opportunities, has caused some to move further north into the Mid Hudson Valley.

Historically, the valley was home to many factories, including paper mills, but a significant number have closed. After years of lingering pollution, cleanup efforts to improve the Hudson River water quality are currently planned and will be supervised by theUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).[92]

Mid-Hudson Valley

[edit]
Mohonk Mountain House inUlster County, New York, in theHudson Valley, was designated aNational Historic Landmark in 1986.[93]

The Mid-Hudson Valley region of theState of New York is midway between New York City and the state capital ofAlbany. The area includes the counties ofDutchess,Ulster, andSullivan, as well as the northern portions ofOrange County, with the region's main cities beingPoughkeepsie,Newburgh,Kingston, andBeacon. TheWalkway over the Hudson, is the second longest pedestrianfootbridge in the world. It crosses theHudson River connectingPoughkeepsie andHighland. The 13 mile-longDutchess Rail Trail stretches fromHopewell Junction to the beginning of the Walkway over the Hudson in Poughkeepsie. The area is home to theWappingers Central School District, which the second-largest school district in thestate of New York. The Newburgh Waterfront in the City ofNewburgh is home to many high-end restaurants.

U.S. Route 9,I-84, and theTaconic State Parkway all run through Dutchess County.Metro-North Railroad train station,New Hamburg, is located in the Town ofPoughkeepsie and runs fromPoughkeepsie toGrand Central Terminal in New York City.

Northern New Jersey

[edit]
Main articles:North Jersey,Gateway Region, andSkylands Region
TheGreat Falls of thePassaic River inPaterson, New Jersey, which was dedicated as aNational Historical Park in November 2011, incorporates one of the largestwaterfalls on theU.S. East Coast.[94]

Northern New Jersey, also known colloquially as North Jersey, is typically defined as comprising the following counties:

The New Jersey State Department of Tourism splits North Jersey into the urbanGateway Region and the more ruralSkylands Region. Northern New Jersey is home to four of the largest cities of that state:Newark,Jersey City,Paterson, andElizabeth.

The region is geographically diverse withwetlands, mountains, and valleys throughout the area. It has a large network ofexpressways andpublic transportation rail services, mostly operated byNew Jersey Transit. Northern New Jersey also contains the second busiest airport in the New York metropolitan area,Newark Liberty International Airport.

Although it is a suburban and rural region ofNew York, much of theGateway Region is highly urbanized. The entirety of Hudson County, eastern Essex County, southern Passaic County as well asElizabeth in Union County are all densely populated areas.

Pictured The Palisades, with the George Washington Bridge on the left. The Palisades are a line of steep cliffs along the west side of the Hudson River in Northeastern New Jersey and Southeastern New York, stretching north from Jersey City, New Jersey to Nyack, New York.
PicturedThe Palisades, with theGeorge Washington Bridge on the left. The Palisades are a line of steep cliffs along the west side of theHudson River inNortheastern New Jersey andSoutheastern New York, stretching north fromJersey City, New Jersey toNyack, New York.

Central New Jersey

[edit]
Main articles:Central Jersey andJersey Shore
DowntownTrenton inMercer County, including theNew Jersey State House, topped by its golden dome, alongside theDelaware River
DowntownNew Brunswick, an educational and cultural hub of Central Jersey

Central Jersey is the middle portion ofNew Jersey. It generally comprises the following counties:

Notable municipalities in the region includeTrenton (thestate capital of New Jersey and the only U.S. state capital within the New York metropolitan area),Princeton (home to theIvy LeaguePrinceton University),New Brunswick (home toRutgers University's mainNew Brunswick campus, the largest university campus in New Jersey),Lakewood (home toBeth Medrash Govoha, the largestyeshiva outside ofIsrael[95]), andEdison (home toThomas Edison's original research laboratory, located in what is nowEdison State Park inMenlo Park, where inventions such as thephonograph, themotion-picture camera, and theincandescent light bulb were developed[96]). The region also encompasses a significant portion of theJersey Shore, including the cities ofRed Bank,Long Branch, andAsbury Park. Major transportation links in Central Jersey include theNew Jersey Turnpike, theGarden State Parkway,US 1,US 9, and theNortheast Corridor. All of these aforementioned routes bisect each other in the bustling suburb and commercial hub ofWoodbridge.

The beach inBelmar, New Jersey, on theJersey Shore

Western Connecticut

[edit]
Main articles:Fairfield County, Connecticut;New Haven County, Connecticut; andLitchfield County, Connecticut
Mohawk Mountain Ski Area inCornwall, in theBerkshire Mountains

Fairfield, New Haven, and Litchfield counties in western Connecticut (like the state in general) are known for affluence. Large businesses are scattered throughout the area, mostly in Fairfield County. The land is flat along the coast with low hills eventually giving way to larger hills such asThe Berkshires further inland, to theMassachusetts border. Most of the largest cities in the state are in New Haven County (home toYale University) and Fairfield County.

Candlewood Lake is the largest recreational lake in the New York metropolitan area. The lake is located within theGreater Danbury region, and is home to many second homes of New York City residents.

Pike County, Pennsylvania

[edit]
Main article:Pike County, Pennsylvania
Dingmans Falls in theDelaware Water Gap National Recreation Area inPike County, Pennsylvania inNortheastern Pennsylvania

Pike County, Pennsylvania is located inNortheastern Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 57,369.[97] Itscounty seat isMilford.[98] Part of thePocono Mountains region lies within Pike County, which has ranked among the fastest-growing counties of Pennsylvania.[99]

This county was detached from the New York-Newark-Jersey City MSA in September 2023[100] and now forms theHemlock Farms, PA, USA.

Communities

[edit]

Main cities and towns

[edit]
Downtown Stamford inFairfield County, Connecticut
TheNew Haven Green Historic District inConnecticut, which was designated aNational Historic Landmark District in 1970[101]
An aerial view ofNewark, the most populous city inNew Jersey
Yonkers Public Library inYonkers inWestchester County, New York
Barnum Museum inBridgeport, Connecticut, the most populous city inFairfield County
Paterson, Passaic County, New Jersey, known as the "Silk City",[102] seen here fromGarret Mountain Reservation, is a prime destination for a diverse pool of internationalimmigrants.[103][104]

The following is a list of "principal cities" and their respective population estimates from the2020 U.S. Census. Principal cities include those with populations over 100,000 or major job, cultural, educational, and economic centers.[105][c]

New York-Newark-Jersey City MSA
CityState2020

census

Land area2020 population density
New York CityNew York8,804,190301.5 sq mi (781 km2)29,303/sq mi (11,314/km2)
HempsteadNew York793,409191.7 sq mi (497 km2)6,685/sq mi (2,581/km2)
BrookhavenNew York485,773531.5 sq mi (1,377 km2)1,873/sq mi (723/km2)
IslipNew York339,938162.9 sq mi (422 km2)3,275/sq mi (1,264/km2)
NewarkNew Jersey311,54924.1 sq mi (62 km2)12,904/sq mi (4,982/km2)
Oyster BayNew York301,332169.4 sq mi (439 km2)1,800/sq mi (690/km2)
Jersey CityNew Jersey292,44914.8 sq mi (38 km2)19,835/sq mi (7,658/km2)
North HempsteadNew York237,63969.1 sq mi (179 km2)4,441/sq mi (1,715/km2)
BabylonNew York218,223114.2 sq mi (296 km2)4,170/sq mi (1,610/km2)
YonkersNew York211,56918 sq mi (47 km2)11,750/sq mi (4,540/km2)
HuntingtonNew York204,127137.1 sq mi (355 km2)2,162/sq mi (835/km2)
PatersonNew Jersey159,7328.4 sq mi (22 km2)18,986/sq mi (7,331/km2)
RamapoNew York148,91961.8 sq mi (160 km2)2,400/sq mi (930/km2)
ElizabethNew Jersey137,29812.3 sq mi (32 km2)11,145/sq mi (4,303/km2)
LakewoodNew Jersey135,15824.7 sq mi (64 km2)5,476/sq mi (2,114/km2)
SmithtownNew York116,296111.4 sq mi (289 km2)1,000/sq mi (390/km2)
EdisonNew Jersey107,58830.1 sq mi (78 km2)3,578/sq mi (1,381/km2)
WoodbridgeNew Jersey103,63923.3 sq mi (60 km2)4,456/sq mi (1,720/km2)
Toms RiverNew Jersey95,43840.55 sq mi (105.0 km2)2,353/sq mi (908/km2)
GreenburghNew York95,39730.31 sq mi (78.5 km2)3,147/sq mi (1,215/km2)
CliftonNew Jersey90,29611.28 sq mi (29.2 km2)8,005/sq mi (3,091/km2)
ClarkstownNew York86,85538.47 sq mi (99.6 km2)2,258/sq mi (872/km2)
New RochelleNew York79,72610.29 sq mi (26.7 km2)7,751/sq mi (2,993/km2)
Mount VernonNew York73,8934.39 sq mi (11.4 km2)16,824/sq mi (6,496/km2)
PassaicNew Jersey70,5373.13 sq mi (8.1 km2)22,535/sq mi (8,701/km2)
Union CityNew Jersey68,5891.29 sq mi (3.3 km2)53,170/sq mi (20,530/km2)
PiscatawayNew Jersey60,80418.79 sq mi (48.7 km2)3,236/sq mi (1,249/km2)
HobokenNew Jersey60,4191.25 sq mi (3.2 km2)48,335/sq mi (18,662/km2)
White PlainsNew York59,5599.74 sq mi (25.2 km2)6,117/sq mi (2,362/km2)
UnionNew Jersey59,7289.05 sq mi (23.4 km2)6,600/sq mi (2,500/km2)
Perth AmboyNew Jersey55,4364.66 sq mi (12.1 km2)11,896/sq mi (4,593/km2)
New BrunswickNew Jersey55,2665.23 sq mi (13.5 km2)10,567/sq mi (4,080/km2)
WayneNew Jersey54,83823.72 sq mi (61.4 km2)2,312/sq mi (893/km2)
West OrangeNew Jersey48,84312 sq mi (31 km2)4,070/sq mi (1,570/km2)
HackensackNew Jersey46,0304.19 sq mi (10.9 km2)10,986/sq mi (4,242/km2)
MontclairNew Jersey40,9216.24 sq mi (16.2 km2)6,558/sq mi (2,532/km2)
Fort LeeNew Jersey40,1912.52 sq mi (6.5 km2)15,949/sq mi (6,158/km2)
Long BeachNew York35,0292.22 sq mi (5.7 km2)15,793/sq mi (6,098/km2)
Long BranchNew Jersey31,6675.12 sq mi (13.3 km2)6,185/sq mi (2,388/km2)
WestfieldNew Jersey31,0326.72 sq mi (17.4 km2)4,618/sq mi (1,783/km2)
RahwayNew Jersey29,8134.03 sq mi (10.4 km2)7,586/sq mi (2,929/km2)
East HamptonNew York28,38574.33 sq mi (192.5 km2)381.88/sq mi (147.44/km2)
HarrisonNew York28,21816.77 sq mi (43.4 km2)1,683/sq mi (650/km2)
PeekskillNew York25,4314.34 sq mi (11.2 km2)5,854/sq mi (2,260/km2)
MorristownNew Jersey20,1802.91 sq mi (7.5 km2)6,935/sq mi (2,678/km2)
South OrangeNew Jersey18,4842.85 sq mi (7.4 km2)6,846/sq mi (2,643/km2)
RyeNew York16,5925.85 sq mi (15.2 km2)2,835/sq mi (1,095/km2)
Asbury ParkNew Jersey15,1881.43 sq mi (3.7 km2)10,621/sq mi (4,101/km2)
Red BankNew Jersey12,9361.75 sq mi (4.5 km2)7,392/sq mi (2,854/km2)
FreeholdNew Jersey12,5381.93 sq mi (5.0 km2)6,496/sq mi (2,508/km2)
SomervilleNew Jersey12,3462.34 sq mi (6.1 km2)5,276/sq mi (2,037/km2)
MilfordPennsylvania1,1030.47 sq mi (1.2 km2)2,352/sq mi (908/km2)
Trenton-Princeton MSA
HamiltonNew Jersey92,29739.44 sq mi (102.1 km2)2,340/sq mi (900/km2)
TrentonNew Jersey90,8717.61 sq mi (19.7 km2)11,941/sq mi (4,610/km2)
EwingNew Jersey37,26415.21 sq mi (39.4 km2)2,450/sq mi (950/km2)
PrincetonNew Jersey30,68117.95 sq mi (46.5 km2)1,709/sq mi (660/km2)
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury MSA
BridgeportConnecticut148,65416 sq mi (41 km2)7,700/sq mi (3,000/km2)
StamfordConnecticut135,47037.62 sq mi (97.4 km2)3,601/sq mi (1,390/km2)
NorwalkConnecticut91,18422.89 sq mi (59.3 km2)3,984/sq mi (1,538/km2)
DanburyConnecticut86,51841.95 sq mi (108.7 km2)2,062/sq mi (796/km2)
GreenwichConnecticut63,51847.8 sq mi (124 km2)1,329/sq mi (513/km2)
FairfieldConnecticut61,51229.9 sq mi (77 km2)2,057/sq mi (794/km2)
StratfordConnecticut52,35517.6 sq mi (46 km2)2,975/sq mi (1,149/km2)
New Haven-Milford-Waterbury MSA
New HavenConnecticut135,08118.69 sq mi (48.4 km2)7,170/sq mi (2,770/km2)
WaterburyConnecticut114,40328.52 sq mi (73.9 km2)4,011/sq mi (1,549/km2)
HamdenConnecticut61,16932.8 sq mi (85 km2)1,800/sq mi (690/km2)
West HavenConnecticut55,58410.75 sq mi (27.8 km2)5,171/sq mi (1,997/km2)
MilfordConnecticut50,55821.91 sq mi (56.7 km2)2,308/sq mi (891/km2)
Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh MSA
Kiryas JoelNew York32,9541.46 sq mi (3.8 km2)22,571/sq mi (8,715/km2)
PoughkeepsieNew York31,5775.14 sq mi (13.3 km2)6,137/sq mi (2,370/km2)
MiddletownNew York30,3455.31 sq mi (13.8 km2)5,719/sq mi (2,208/km2)
NewburghNew York28,8563.81 sq mi (9.9 km2)7,582/sq mi (2,927/km2)
BeaconNew York13,7694.74 sq mi (12.3 km2)2,905/sq mi (1,122/km2)
Port JervisNew York8,7752.53 sq mi (6.6 km2)3,468/sq mi (1,339/km2)
Kingston MSA
KingstonNew York24,0697.48 sq mi (19.4 km2)3,217/sq mi (1,242/km2)
New PaltzNew York7,3241.76 sq mi (4.6 km2)4,157/sq mi (1,605/km2)
East Stroudsburg MSA
East StroudsburgPennsylvania9,6692.84 sq mi (7.4 km2)3,400/sq mi (1,300/km2)
StroudsburgPennsylvania5,9271.73 sq mi (4.5 km2)3,436/sq mi (1,327/km2)
Torrington μSA
TorringtonConnecticut35,51539.77 sq mi (103.0 km2)893/sq mi (345/km2)

Urban areas

[edit]
Urban areas within the New York City combined statistical area as of the 2020 census. At the core of the New York combined statistical area (CSA) lies the New York–Jersey City–Newark, NY–NJurban area, the largest in the United States by both area and population. Within the boundaries of the CSA the Census Bureau defines 32 other urban areas as well, some forming the core of their own metropolitan areas not within the New York metropolitan statistical area.[106] Urban areas situated primarily outside the New York metropolitan statistical area but within the CSA are identified with a cross (†).
  Urban areas
  Counties in the New York MSA
  Counties in the New York CSA but not the MSA
Urban areaPopulation
(2020 census)		Land area
(sq mi)		Land area
(km2)		Density
(population / sq mi)		Density
(population / km2)
New York–Jersey City–Newark, NY–NJ19,426,4493,248.128,412.595,980.832,309.21
Bridgeport–Stamford, CT–NY †916,408397.291,028.982,306.63890.60
New Haven, CT †561,456298.01771.851,884.00727.42
Trenton, NJ †370,422133.13344.812,782.391,074.29
Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY †314,766209.92543.691,499.45578.94
Waterbury, CT †199,31792.44239.412,156.22832.52
Danbury, CT–NY †171,680118.49306.881,448.92559.43
Kiryas Joel, NY †71,58228.7574.472,489.47961.19
Middletown, NY †61,51625.9667.242,369.55914.89
Riverhead–Southold, NY51,12052.80136.74968.25373.84
Kingston, NY †50,25431.1080.541,615.96623.93
East Stroudsburg–Stroudsburg, PA †47,89138.94100.851,229.95474.89
Torrington, CT †35,21221.7656.361,618.24624.81
Hamburg–Vernon–Highland Lakes, NJ28,25021.8156.481,295.53500.21
Ridgefield, CT †25,68328.8074.59891.77344.32
Coolbaugh–Pocono Pines, PA †24,89319.7451.131,260.93486.85
Flemington–Raritan, NJ24,40118.3947.641,326.60512.20
Mystic Island–Little Egg Harbor, NJ23,07412.9733.601,778.41686.65
East Hampton North–Springs–Northwest Harbor, NY21,81235.8592.86608.39234.90
West Milford, NJ–NY17,65914.2236.831,241.82479.47
Port Jervis, NY–PA16,1877.5919.652,133.62823.80
Clinton, NJ16,13610.4627.101,541.92595.34
Walden, NY †15,78411.5629.951,365.14527.08
Lake Mohawk, NJ13,1648.2321.321,598.92617.35
Newton, NJ12,8137.9020.471,621.50626.06
New Paltz, NY †9,9694.8912.662,039.69787.53
Oak Ridge, NJ8,8715.4114.011,640.23633.30
Winsted, CT †7,8046.1215.861,274.47492.08
Ellenville, NY †7,0903.308.562,146.31828.70
Warwick, NY †7,0842.927.562,427.84937.40
Chester, NY †5,9004.5711.841,290.39498.22
Montauk, NY3,8455.9315.35648.76250.49
Palmyra, PA3,7728.3021.49454.71175.56

History

[edit]
Main article:History of New York City
A pen drawing of two men in 16th-century Dutch clothing presenting an open box of items to a group of Native Americans in feather headdresses stereotypical of plains tribes.
Peter Minuit, who purchasedManhattan in 1626

During theWisconsinan glaciation, the region was situated at the edge of a largeice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving thebedrock that serves as the geologicfoundation for much of the New York metropolitan region today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.

A painting of a coastline dotted with red roof houses and a windmill, with several masted ships sailing close to shore under blue sky
New Amsterdam, including present-dayLower Manhattan, in 1664, the yearEngland took control and renamed it New York

At the time of European contact the region was inhabited byNative Americans, predominantly theLenape,[107] and others. The Native Americans used the abundant waterways in the area for many purposes, such as fishing and trade routes. Sailing for France in 1524,Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to enter the local waters and encounter the residents, but he did not make landfall.Henry Hudson, sailing for the Dutch in 1609, visited the area and built a settlement on Lower Manhattan Island that was eventually renamedNew Amsterdam byDutch colonists in 1626.[108] In 1664, the area went under English control,[108][109] and was later renamedNew York after KingCharles II of England granted the lands to his brother, theDuke of York.[110][111]

As the fur trade expanded further north, New York became atrading hub, which brought in a diverse set of ethnic groups includingAfricans,Jews, andPortuguese. The island of Manhattan had an extraordinary natural harbor formed byNew York Bay (actually the drowned lower river valley of the Hudson River, enclosed byglacial moraines), theEast River, which is atidal strait, and theHudson River, all of which merge at the southern tip, from which all later development spread. During theAmerican Revolution, the strategic waterways made New York vitally important as a wartime base for the British navy. Many battles such as theBattle of Long Island and theBattle of New York were fought in the region to secure it. New York was captured by the British early in the war, becoming a haven forLoyalist refugees from other parts of the country, and remained in the hands of the British until the war ended in 1783. New York served as thecapital of the United States from 1785 until 1790,[112] after which the capital moved to Philadelphia. New York has been the country's largest city since 1790.[113] In 1792, theButtonwood Agreement, made by a group of merchants, created what is now theNew York Stock Exchange in Lower Manhattan. Today, many people in the metropolitan area work in this important stock exchange.

Liberty Enlightening the World, known as theStatue of Liberty, onLiberty Island inNew York Harbor, a globally recognized symbol of both theUnited States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity.[114]

TheStatue of Liberty inNew York Harbor greeted millions ofimmigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries[115] and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and itsdemocracy.[116] Large-scale immigration into New York was a result of a large demand for manpower. Acosmopolitan attitude in the city created tolerance for various cultures and ethnic groups. German, Irish, and Italian immigrants were among the largest ethnic groups. Today, many of their descendants continue to live in the region. Cultural buildings such as theMetropolitan Museum of Art, theMetropolitan Opera, and theAmerican Museum of Natural History were built. New York newspapers were read around the country as media mogulsJames Gordon Bennett, Sr.,Joseph Pulitzer andWilliam Randolph Hearst battled for readership. In 1884, over 70% of exports passed through ports in New York or in one of the surrounding towns. The fiveboroughs of New York —The Bronx,Brooklyn,Manhattan,Queens, andStaten Island — were consolidated into a single city in 1898.[117][118]

The main concourse ofGrand Central Terminal inManhattan, which opened in 1913

The newly unified New York City encouraged both more physical connections between the boroughs and the growth ofbedroom communities. TheNew York City Subway began operating in 1904 as theInterborough Rapid Transit Company, one of three systems (the other two being theBrooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation and theIndependent Subway System) that were later taken over by the city. Railroad stations such asGrand Central Terminal andPennsylvania Station helped fuel suburban growth. During the era of theProhibition, when alcohol was banned nationwide, organized crime grew to supply the high demand for bootleg alcohol. The BroadwayTheater District began to develop with the opening of theNew York Subway in 1904 and, by the early part of the twentieth century, had been made world-famous as New York's theatrical and entertainment center through popular musical productions likeZiegfeld Follies andShow Boat and the opening of multiple large, extravagantly decorated theatres in the area spanningBroadway from 47th to 42nd Streets.

TheGreat Depression suspended the region's fortunes as a period of widespread unemployment and poverty began. City plannerRobert Moses began his automobile-centered career of building bridges,parkways, and laterexpressways across the tri-state area. During World War II, the city economy was hurt by blockades of GermanU-boats, which limited shipping with Europe.

United Nations Headquarters, established inMidtown Manhattan in 1952

After its population peaked in 1950, a significant portion of the city's population left for thesuburbs of New York over the following decades. The effects were a result ofwhite flight. Industry and commerce also declined in this era, with businesses relocating to the suburbs or other regions. The era also saw an increase in the construction ofhousing projects for the city's low-income population under theNew York City Housing Authority, coinciding with the destruction of communities to constructinterstate highways to link the city with its suburbs. The city, particularly Brooklyn, was dealt a psychological as well as an economic blow with the loss of the iconicBrooklyn Dodgers major-leaguebaseball team, which moved toLos Angeles after the 1957 season. Crime affected the city severely. Urban renewal projects alleviated decay in poorer neighborhoods to a certain extent, but many of these later proved to be failures and caused unanticipated consequences like ghettoization, informal racial segregation in housing, and disruption of the organic urban fabric that made the city's neighborhoods cohesive and healthy places to live. There was little reported social unrest during theNortheast Blackout of 1965, but theNew York City Blackout of 1977 led to massive rioting, looting, and arson in some parts of the city. In addition, the1970s recession crippled traditional industries such as manufacturing in the New York City region. A rare positive highlight of the period was the completion of the originalWorld Trade Center, a massive office complex in New York'sFinancial District whose iconic, 110-storyTwin Towers for a short time stood as the world's tallest buildings.

In the 1980s, the city's economy was booming, particularly in the financial sector.Wall Street was fueling an economic surge in the real estate market, and later thedot-com bubble. Despite this, crime was still an issue. This was exacerbated by thecrack epidemic, with the New York City area being one of the major ports of entry for narcotics entering the United States. Neighborhoods such as theSouth Bronx became prime examples of late 20th centuryurban decay. Beginning in the 1990s, however, crime dropped substantially due totough-on-crime policies.Crime in New York City has continued to decline through the 21st century.

TheWorld Trade Center inLower Manhattan during theSeptember 11 attacks in 2001, which caused nearly 3,000 deaths, most of whom were residents of the New York metropolitan region.
One World Trade Center, built to replace theWorld Trade Center, and opened in 2014

TheSeptember 11th attacks in 2001 were pivotal in the region and nation's history. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people as two planes crashed into the former World Trade Center and caused the towers to collapse. Businesses led an exodus from Lower Manhattan because of this but were replaced by an increased number ofhigh-rise residences and a building boom in New York continues to this day.

In 2003, another blackout occurred, the2003 North America blackout, but the city suffered no looting.

A floodedAvenue C in Manhattan just moments before the explosion at anelectrical substation

On October 29 and 30, 2012,Hurricane Sandy caused extensive destruction in the metropolitan area, ravaging portions of the Atlantic coastline with record-highstorm surge, severe flooding, and high winds, causingpower outages for millions of residents via downed trees and power lines and malfunctions atelectrical substations, leading togasoline shortages and snarlingmass transit systems. Damage to New York and New Jersey in terms ofphysical infrastructure andprivate property as well as including interrupted commerce was estimated at several tens of billions of dollars.[119] The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructingseawalls and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.[120][121]

One World Trade Center, also known as Freedom Tower, was completed in 2014 to replace the fallen Twin Towers.

The2017–2021 New York City transit crisis, which began with what media outlets referred to as the 2017 "summer of hell," led New York GovernorAndrew Cuomo to declare a state of emergency. The crisis was due to the interaction of multiple severe problems in theNew York City Subway system and inNew York City bus lines, as well as atPenn Station, the final stop on several of the commuter lines connecting New York City with other parts of the metropolitan area. Its root causes included long-term neglect of critical infrastructure and lack of adequate funding for ongoing operations, among others. The state of emergency was formally ended on June 30, 2021.

Statistical history

[edit]
Little Italy on theLower East Side ofManhattan,c. 1900

TheU.S. Census Bureau first designated metropolitan areas in 1950 asstandard metropolitan areas (SMAs). The "New York–Northeastern NJ SMA" was defined to include 17 counties: 9 in New York (the five boroughs of New York City, Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, and Rockland) and 8 in New Jersey (Bergen, Hudson, Passaic, Essex, Union, Morris, Somerset, and Middlesex). In 1960, the metropolitan area standards were modified and renamed standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs). The new standards resulted in the splitting of the former SMA into several pieces: the nine New York counties became the "New York SMSA"; three of the New Jersey counties (Essex, Union, and Morris) became the "Newark SMSA"; two other New Jersey counties (Bergen and Passaic) became the "Paterson–Passaic–Clifton SMSA"; Hudson County was designated the "Jersey City SMSA"; and Middlesex and Somerset counties lost their metropolitan status. In 1973, a new set of metropolitan area standards resulted in further changes: Nassau and Suffolk counties were split off as their own SMSA ("Nassau–Suffolk SMSA"); Bergen County (originally part of the Paterson–Clifton–Passaic SMSA) was transferred to the New York SMSA; the New York SMSA also received Putnam County (previously non-metropolitan); Somerset County was added to the Newark SMSA; and two new SMSAs, the "New Brunswick–Perth Amboy–Sayreville SMSA" (Middlesex County) and "Long Branch–Asbury Park SMSA" (Monmouth County), were established. In 1983, the concept of a consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA) was first implemented. A CMSA consisted of several primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs), which were individual employment centers within a widerlabor market area. The "New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA" consisted of 12 PMSAs.

Unisphere inFlushing Meadows – Corona Park, iconic ofQueens, the mostethnically diverseU.S. county and aborough of New York[122][123]

Seven PMSAs were based on the original 1950 New York SMA that were split up: New York, Bergen–Passaic, Jersey City, Middlesex–Somerset–Hunterdon (Hunterdon added for the first time), Monmouth–Ocean (Ocean added for the first time), Nassau–Suffolk, and Newark (Sussex added for the first time). One additional PMSA was the Orange County PMSA (previously the Newburgh–Middletown SMSA). The other four PMSAs were former SMSAs in Connecticut: Bridgeport, Stamford, Norwalk, and Danbury. In 1993, four PMSAs were added to the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA: Trenton PMSA (Mercer County), Dutchess County PMSA, Waterbury PMSA, and New Haven PMSA. Several new counties were also added to the CMSA: Sussex, Warren, and Pike. The CMSA model was originally utilized for tabulating data from the 2000 census. In 2003, a new set of standards was established using theCore Based Statistical Area (CBSA) model was adopted and remains in use as of 2010. The CBSA model resulted in the splitting up of the old CMSA into several metropolitan statistical areas: New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island, Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, Trenton–Princeton, Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk (includes Danbury), and New Haven–Milford (includes Waterbury). In 2013, the Census Bureau added Carbon, Lehigh, Northampton, and Monroe counties in Pennsylvania, and Warren County, New Jersey (encompassing collectively the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA and the East Stroudsburg, PA MSA), to the Combined Statistical Area,[124] and assimilated Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown into the larger New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island–NY–NJ–PA MSA. In 2018, the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA was removed from the Combined Statistical Area.[125]

The July 2023 revision of the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA had the following municipality changes from the March 2020 definitions:[126]

Additions to the CSA:

Removals from the CSA:

Proposals for the region

[edit]
See also:Partition and secession in New York

The metropolitan region has never had separate political representation from the rest of their original states. This has to do with disagreements in the desired model and the constitutional complexity of the metropolitan region being cross-state. Within the State of New York over the last 30 years,[127] discussions have emerged of splitting the states into different regions with separate governors and legislators whilst remaining part of the same state — as opposed to seeing New York and its metropolitan area being split into a separate state.[128][129] The idea has been seen by Republicans in the state as an opportunity to dislocate the Democratic party's hold in the state legislature.[130][131]

The discussion surrounding the re-organization of New York State has commonly been in two models: The two-region model creates a "downstate" New York region which would consist of all five New York City boroughs, Long Island's Nassau and Suffolk counties, and Westchester and Rockland counties, then Upstate would be the remaining 53;[130][128] and the three-region model is New York having five counties; Montauk would consist of Nassau, Suffolk, Rockland, and Westchester counties and; New Amsterdam would be the remaining portion of New York State.[130][129][131] This debate was reported as recent as February 2019, when Republicanstate SenatorDaphne Jordan supported the state being split into two states;[130][128] however, it was believed that the proposal would require an act of congress for it to be passed.[132]

Demographics

[edit]
Further information:African Americans in the New York City metropolitan region,Chinese in the New York City metropolitan region,Dominicans in the New York City metropolitan region,Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region,Indians in the New York City metropolitan region,Japanese in the New York City metropolitan region,Koreans in the New York City metropolitan region,Puerto Ricans in the New York City metropolitan region,Russians in the New York City metropolitan region,Islam in the New York City metropolitan region,Jews in the New York City metropolitan region, andLGBT culture in the New York City metropolitan region
India Square inJersey City, New Jersey, known as Little Bombay,[133] home to the highest concentration ofAsian Indians in theWestern Hemisphere.[134]
Bergen County, New Jersey, home to each of the top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population, led byPalisades Park (above), aborough whereKoreans constitute the majority (52%) of the population[135][136]
Spanish Harlem Orchestra inSpanish Harlem;New York City is home to nearly three millionLatino Americans, the largestHispanic population of any city outsideLatin America andSpain
Several men in red and yellow outfits carry a colorful paper dragon in the street while onlookers watch behind police barriers.
Chinatown inManhattan, home to the largest population ofChinese people outside ofAsia, with over 750,000 as of 2013.[137][138]
Historical populations – modern New York MSA
YearPop.±%
1830552,237—    
1840740,120+34.0%
18501,142,304+54.3%
18601,801,668+57.7%
18702,319,319+28.7%
18802,951,270+27.2%
18903,845,151+30.3%
19005,231,748+36.1%
19107,248,147+38.5%
19208,693,184+19.9%
193011,123,506+28.0%
194011,950,188+7.4%
195013,299,834+11.3%
196015,346,313+15.4%
197017,065,328+11.2%
198016,363,636−4.1%
199016,846,046+2.9%
200018,323,006+8.8%
201018,897,109+3.1%
202020,140,470+6.6%
2024 est.19,940,274−1.0%
Note: figures up to 2020 includePike County, PA. Estimates after 2020 do not include Pike County, which was detached from the MSA in September 2023.[100]
U.S. Decennial Census
1900–1990[139]

2020 census

[edit]
County2020 census2010 censusChangeAreaDensity
Bronx County, New York1,472,6531,385,108+6.32%42.2 sq mi (109 km2)34,897/sq mi (13,474/km2)
Kings County, New York2,736,1192,504,700+9.24%69.4 sq mi (180 km2)39,425/sq mi (15,222/km2)
Nassau County, New York1,395,7671,339,532+4.20%284.5 sq mi (737 km2)4,906/sq mi (1,894/km2)
New York County, New York1,694,2501,585,873+6.83%22.7 sq mi (59 km2)74,637/sq mi (28,817/km2)
Putnam County, New York97,67899,710−2.04%230.3 sq mi (596 km2)424/sq mi (164/km2)
Queens County, New York2,405,4252,230,722+7.83%108.7 sq mi (282 km2)22,129/sq mi (8,544/km2)
Richmond County, New York495,752468,730+5.76%57.5 sq mi (149 km2)8,622/sq mi (3,329/km2)
Rockland County, New York338,337311,687+8.55%173.7 sq mi (450 km2)1,948/sq mi (752/km2)
Suffolk County, New York1,525,8941,493,350+2.18%910.9 sq mi (2,359 km2)1,675/sq mi (647/km2)
Westchester County, New York1,004,469949,113+5.83%430.8 sq mi (1,116 km2)2,332/sq mi (900/km2)
Bergen County, New Jersey955,743905,116+5.59%232.8 sq mi (603 km2)4,105/sq mi (1,585/km2)
Essex County, New Jersey862,768783,969+10.05%126.1 sq mi (327 km2)6,842/sq mi (2,642/km2)
Hudson County, New Jersey724,858634,266+14.28%46.2 sq mi (120 km2)15,690/sq mi (6,058/km2)
Hunterdon County, New Jersey128,950128,349+0.47%427.8 sq mi (1,108 km2)301/sq mi (116/km2)
Middlesex County, New Jersey863,202809,858+6.59%309.2 sq mi (801 km2)2,792/sq mi (1,078/km2)
Monmouth County, New Jersey643,612630,380+2.10%468.2 sq mi (1,213 km2)1,375/sq mi (531/km2)
Morris County, New Jersey509,288492,276+3.46%461.0 sq mi (1,194 km2)1,105/sq mi (427/km2)
Ocean County, New Jersey637,235576,567+10.52%628.3 sq mi (1,627 km2)1,014/sq mi (392/km2)
Passaic County, New Jersey525,054501,226+4.75%186.1 sq mi (482 km2)2,821/sq mi (1,089/km2)
Somerset County, New Jersey345,353323,444+6.77%301.9 sq mi (782 km2)1,144/sq mi (442/km2)
Sussex County, New Jersey144,220149,265−3.38%518.5 sq mi (1,343 km2)278/sq mi (107/km2)
Union County, New Jersey575,363536,499+7.24%102.8 sq mi (266 km2)5,597/sq mi (2,161/km2)
Total

(New York-Newark-Jersey City MSA)

20,081,99018,838,926+6.60%6,139.58 sq mi (15,901.4 km2)3,271/sq mi (1,263/km2)

2010 census

[edit]
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Racial composition2010
White73.4%
 —Non-Hispanic White51.7%
 —Hispanic or Latino (of any race)21.7%
Black or African-American15.3%
Asian9%
Native American orAlaskan Native0.2%
Other0.5%
Two or more races1.6%

As of the 2010 Census, the metropolitan area had a population of 22,085,649. The population density was 1,865 per square mile. The racial markup was 51.7%White (non-Latino), 21.7%Latino, 15.3%African-American, 9.0%Asian-American, 0.16%Native American andAlaskan Native, 0.03%Pacific Islands American, 0.5% Other, and 1.6%Multiracial.[140]

The median age was 37.9. 25.5% were under 18, 9.5% were 18 to 24 years, 28% were 25 to 44 years of age, 26.6% were 45 to 64 years old, and 13.2% were over the age of 65. Males composed 48.3% of the population while females were 51.7% of the population.[citation needed]

97.7% of the population were in households, 2.3% were in group quarters, and 1% were institutionalized. There were 8,103,731 households, of which 30.2% or 2,449,343 had children. 46.1% or 3,736,165 were composed of opposite sex and married couples. Male households with no wife composed 4.9% or 400,534. 15.0% or 1,212,436 were female households with no husbands. 34% or 2,754,596 were non-family households. The household density was 684 per square mile. 91.9% of housing units were occupied with a 3.8% vacancy rate. The average household size was 2.65 per household. The average income for non-family households was $90,335, and the average income for families was $104,715. 13.3% or 2,888,493 of the population were below the poverty line.[citation needed]

26.7% or 5,911,993 of the population were born outside the United States. Out of this, most (50.6% or 2,992,639) were born inLatin America, 27.0% or 1,595,523 were born inAsia, 17.4% or 1,028,506 were born inEurope, 3.8% or 224,109 were born inAfrica, and 0.2% or 11,957 were born inOceania.[citation needed]

Population estimates

[edit]
TheRockefeller Center Christmas Tree, considered the "worldwide symbol ofChristmas", is an annual staple of the New York metropolitan area during theHoliday season[141]
The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest gay and bisexual community in the United States and one of the world's largest.[142][143]

As of 2020, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population of theNew York combined statistical area at 23,582,649, the most populous in the United States and one of the world's most populousurban agglomerations. The increase in the population of the combined statistical area was distributed across the portions of the states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania which together constitute the greater New York City metropolitan area.

The New York metropolitan region is ethnically diverse.Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals ofSan Francisco and Los Angeles.[144] New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.[145] The New York borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American population and the largestAndean (Colombian,Ecuadorian,Peruvian,Chilean andBolivian) populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.[146][147] TheHan Chinese population constitutes the fastest-growing ethnicity in New York State; multiplesatellites of the originalManhattan Chinatown (紐約華埠), inBrooklyn (布鲁克林華埠), and aroundFlushing, Queens (法拉盛華埠), are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, while also expanding rapidly eastward into suburbanNassau County.[148] onLong Island,[149] as the New York metropolitan region and New York State have become the top destinations for new Chinese immigrants, respectively, and large-scaleChinese immigration continues into New York City and surrounding areas.[150][151][152][153][154][155] In 2012, 6.3% of New York was ofChinese ethnicity, with nearly three-fourths living in either Queens or Brooklyn, geographically on Long Island.[156] In particular, the New York area has over 100,000Fuzhounese people.[157] A community numbering 20,000Korean-Chinese (Chaoxianzu (Chinese:朝鲜族) orJoseonjok (Korean: 조선족)) is centered inFlushing, Queens, while New York is also home to the largestTibetan population outside China, India, andNepal, also centered in Queens.[158]Koreans made up 1.2% of the city's population, andJapanese 0.3%.Filipinos were the largestSoutheast Asian ethnic group at 0.8%, followed byVietnamese, who made up 0.2% of New York's population in 2010.Indians are the largestSouth Asian group, accounting for 2.4% of the city's population, with Bangladeshis andPakistanis at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively.[159] Queens is the preferred borough of settlement for Asian Indians, Koreans, and Filipinos,[160] as well asMalaysians[19] and other Southeast Asians;[161] while Brooklyn is receiving large numbers of bothWest Indian[162] as well as Asian Indian immigrants.

New York has the largestEuropean andnon-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined.[163] TheEuropean diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000Italian Americans, 385,000Irish Americans, 253,000German Americans, 223,000Russian Americans, 201,000Polish Americans, and 137,000English Americans. Additionally,Greek andFrench Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those ofHungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people.Ukrainian andScottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry fromSpain numbered 30,838 total in 2010.[164] People ofNorwegian andSwedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people ofCzech,Lithuanian,Portuguese,Scotch-Irish, andWelsh descent all numbered between 12,000 and 14,000 people.[165]Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City,[166] with the highest concentration in Brooklyn.Central Asians, primarilyUzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States,[167] most settling in Queens or Brooklyn.Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx.[168]

The wider New York metropolitan area is alsoethnically diverse.[169] The New York metropolitan area is home the largestAfrican American/Black population in the nation with nearly four million.[170] The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles andMiami, the next most popular gateway regions.[171][172][173][174] It is home to the largestJewish as well asIsraeli communities outsideIsrael, with the Jewish population in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects from around theMiddle East andEastern Europe.[158] The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation'sIndian Americans and at least 20Little India enclaves, as well as 15% of allKorean Americans and fourKoreatowns;[175][176] the largestAsian Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,[150]Italian American, andAfrican American populations; the largestDominican American,Puerto Rican American, andSouth American[150] and second-largest overallHispanic population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million;[164] and includes at least 6 establishedChinatowns within New York City alone,[177] with the urban agglomeration consisting of a population of 819,527 uniracialoverseas Chinese as of 2014 Census estimates,[178] the largest outside ofAsia.[137][138]

Ecuador,Colombia, Guyana,Peru, andBrazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York region in 2013; the Dominican Republic,Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in theCaribbean;Egypt,Ghana, andNigeria fromAfrica; andEl Salvador,Honduras, andGuatemala inCentral America.[179] Amidst a resurgence ofPuerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013.

New York City has been described as thegay capital of the world, and is home to one of the world's largest LGBTQ populations and the most prominent.[180] The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifyinggay andbisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest.[142][143]Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011, and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.[181] The annualNYC Pride March (or GayPride Parade) traverses southward downFifth Avenue in Manhattan, ending atGreenwich Village, and is the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June.[182]

Religion

[edit]
Of Brooklyn's 2.4 million residents, 561,000 - or 23% - are Jewish as of 2011.[183]
TheIslamic Cultural Center of New York (Arabic:المركز الثقافي الإسلامي في نيويورك) inUpper Manhattan. With an estimated 1.5 million observers, the New York metropolitan area is home to the largest metropolitanMuslim population in the Western Hemisphere.
Sri Maha VallabhaGanapatiDevasthanam (Kannada:ಶ್ರೀ ಮಹಾವಲ್ಲಭ ಗಣಪತಿ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ) or (Tamil:ஸ்ரீ மகா வல்லப கணபதி தேவஸ்தானம்), inFlushing,Queens, the oldestHindu temple in the United States.
TheChuang Yen Monastery (莊嚴寺), inKent,Putnam County, houses the largest indoor statue ofBuddha in theWestern Hemisphere.[184]

The 2014Pew Religious Landscape Survey showed that the religious makeup of the New York metro area was as follows:

Religious affiliation in the New York City metro area (2014)[185]
Affiliation% of New York population
Christian59
 
Catholic33
 
Protestant23
 
Evangelical Protestant9
 
Mainline Protestant8
 
Black church6
 
Other Christian3
 
Unaffiliated24
 
Nothing in particular15
 
Agnostic4
 
Atheist4
 
Jewish8
 
Muslim4
 
Hindu2
 
Buddhist1
 
Other faiths1
 
Don't know/refused answer1
 
Total100
 

Economy

[edit]
Main article:Economy of New York City
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on theNorth Shore ofLong Island, an internationally renownedbiomedical research facility and home to eight scientists awarded theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The New York City regional economy is the largest in the world, with a GDP of US$2.5 trillion in 2022, which would rank 8th among sovereign countries. ManyFortune 500 corporations areheadquartered in New York,[186] as are a large number offoreign corporations. One out of tenprivate sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company.[187] In 2012 and 2015, New York topped the first and secondGlobal Economic Power Index lists, respectively, as published byThe Atlantic, with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on five different lists as published by five separate entities.[31][188] Finance, international trade, new and traditional media, real estate, education, fashion and entertainment, tourism, biotechnology, and manufacturing are the leading industries in the area. Along with its wealth, the area has acost of living that is the highest in the United States.

Gross domestic product by county

[edit]
Rank
(2022)		CountyGDP by county
(million US$)[10]
1New York
885,651.810
2Kings
125,866.867
3Suffolk
125,184.540
4Queens
122,288.187
5Nassau
121,290.784
6Fairfield
104,368.153
7Westchester
103,162.225
8Bergen
95,627.951
9Middlesex
78,784.425
10Morris
69,014.834
11Essex
67,415.140
12New Haven
61,456.416
13Hudson
59,260.996
14Bronx
51,573.982
15Mercer
49,620.483
16Somerset
48,293.447
17Monmouth
46,342.232
18Union
45,128.578
19Ocean
28,260.414
20Passaic
25,843.403
21Orange
25,001.648
22Rockland
22,031.406
23Richmond
21,103.447
24Dutchess
17,859.624
25Litchfield
10,737.359
26Ulster
9,052.826
27Hunterdon
8,836.259
28Sussex
5,900.635
29Putnam
4,687.684
30Pike
1,659.595
New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
2,504,721.129

Wall Street

[edit]
Main article:Wall Street
NYSE onWall Street, the world's largest stock market by totalmarket capitalization of listed companies.[189][190]
Manhattan'sFlatiron District was the cradle of Silicon Alley, nowmetonymous for the New York metropolitan region'shigh tech sector, which has since expanded beyond the area.[191]

The New York metropolitan area's most important economic sector lies in its role as theheadquarters for theU.S. financial industry, metonymously known asWall Street. Anchored by Wall Street, in theFinancial District ofLower Manhattan, New York has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world,[31][192][193][194][195] and the city is home to the world's twolargest stock exchanges by totalmarket capitalization, theNew York Stock Exchange andNASDAQ.[189][190] The city'ssecurities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of the city'sprivate sector jobs, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of US$360,700.[196]

Manhattan had approximately 520 million square feet (48.1 million m2) of office space in 2013,[197] making it the largest office market in the United States,[198] whileMidtown Manhattan is the largestcentral business district in the nation.[199]

Lower Manhattan is the third-largest central business district in the United States and is home to both the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and theNASDAQ, at165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by totalmarket capitalization of their listed companies in 2013.[190] Wall Streetinvestment banking fees in 2012 totaled approximately US$40 billion,[200] while in 2013, senior New York bank officers who managerisk and compliance functions earned as much as US$324,000 annually.[201]

In July 2013,NYSE Euronext, the operator of the New York Stock Exchange, took over the administration of theLondon interbank offered rate from theBritish Bankers Association.[202]

Many Wall Street firms have added or moved auxiliary financial or technical operations intoJersey City, to take advantage of New Jersey's relatively lowercommercial real estate and rental prices, while offering continued geographic proximity to Manhattan's financial industry ecosystem.[203]

Tech and biotech

[edit]
Further information:Tech:NYC,Tech companies in the New York metropolitan area,Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New York metropolitan area, andSilicon Alley

Silicon Alley, centered in New York, has evolved into ametonym for the sphere encompassing the metropolitan region'shigh technology industries[204] involving theinternet,new media,financial technology (fintech) andcryptocurrency,telecommunications,digital media,software development,biotechnology,game design, and other fields withininformation technology that are supported by itsentrepreneurship ecosystem andventure capital investments. High technologystartup companies and employment are growing in New York and across the metropolitan region, bolstered by the city's emergence as a global node ofcreativity andentrepreneurship,social tolerance,[205] andenvironmental sustainability,[206][207] as well as New York's position as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center in North America, including its vicinity to severaltransatlantic fiber optic trunk lines,[208] the city'sintellectual capital, and its extensive outdoorwireless connectivity.[209]Verizon Communications, headquartered at140 West Street in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3 billionfiberoptic telecommunications upgrade throughout New York City.[210]

The biotechnology sector is also growing in the New York metropolitan region, based upon its strength in academic scientificresearch and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then-New York mayorMichael Bloomberg announced his choice ofCornell University andTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology to buildCornell Tech, a US$2 billiongraduate school ofapplied sciences onRoosevelt Island, Manhattan with the goal of transforming New York into the world's premier technology capital.[211][212] By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotechinvestment firm, had raised more than US$30 million frominvestors, includingEli Lilly and Company,Pfizer, andJohnson & Johnson, for initial funding to create biotechnologystartups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2) onEast 29th Street and promotes collaboration among scientists andentrepreneurs at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. TheNew York City Economic Development Corporation's Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, includingCelgene,General Electric Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100 million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures inlife sciences and biotechnology.[213]Westchester County has also developed a burgeoning biotechnology sector in the 21st century, with over US$1 billion in planned private investment as of 2016,[214] earning the county the nicknameBiochester.[215]

Port of New York and New Jersey

[edit]
Main article:Port of New York and New Jersey
Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal onNewark Bay is the busiest container terminal on theEast Coast of the United States.

The Port of New York and New Jersey is theport district of the New York metropolitan area, encompassing the region within approximately a 25-mile (40 km) radius of theStatue of Liberty National Monument. A major economic engine for the New York metropolitan area, theport includes the system of navigable waterways in theestuary along 650 miles (1,050 km) of shoreline in the vicinity of New York and theGateway Region of northeastern New Jersey, as well as theregion's airports and supporting rail and roadway distribution networks. The Port of New York and New Jersey handled amaritimecargo volume in the ten months through October 2022 of over 8.2 millionTEUs, benefittingpost-Panamax from the expansion of thePanama Canal, and accelerating ahead of California seaports in monthly cargo volumes.[216][217]

Water purity and availability

[edit]
Further information:Food and water in New York City andNew York City water supply system

Water purity and availability are a lifeline for the New York metropolitan region. New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protectedCatskill Mountainswatershed.[218] As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbednatural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification bywater treatment plants.[219] TheCroton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water.[220] The ongoing expansion ofNew York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history,[221] with segments serving Manhattan and The Bronx completed, and with segments serving Brooklyn and Queens planned for construction in 2020.[222] Much of the fresh water for northern and central New Jersey is provided byreservoirs, but numerous municipalwater wells exist which accomplish the same purpose.

Education

[edit]
Low Library, the Neoclassical centerpiece of theColumbia University campus
The bronze clock onHarkness Tower atYale University, a structure reflecting theCollegiate Gothic architectural genre
Watercolor ofCleveland Tower,Princeton University, seen in the noon autumn sun

The New York metropolitan area is home to many prestigious institutions ofhigher education. ThreeIvy League universities:Columbia University inManhattan, New York City;Princeton University inPrinceton, New Jersey;Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut – all ranked amongst the top 3 U.S. national universities as perU.S. News & World Report as of 2018[223] – reside in the region,[224] as well asNew York University andThe Rockefeller University, both located in Manhattan; all of the above have been ranked amongst the top 35 universities in the world.[225]Rutgers University, a global university located 27 mi (43 km) southwest of Manhattan inNew Brunswick andPiscataway, New Jersey, is by far the largest university in the region.[226]New York Institute of Technology is located on two campuses, one in Old Westbury,Long Island and one near Columbus Circle inManhattan.Hofstra University is Long Island's largest private university.[227]Fordham University, also a Tier-1 university,[228] is the oldestCatholic institution ofhigher education in thenortheastern United States,[229] and the third-oldest university inNew York State.[230] TheNew York City Department of Education is the largest school district in the United States serving over 1.2 million students.[231] The overall region also hosts many public high schools, some of which have been described as among the most prestigious in the country.[232]

Attainment

[edit]

According to the 2010American Community Survey, of the 14,973,063 persons in this area over 25 years of age, 14.8% (2,216,578) had a graduate or professional degree, 21.1% (3,166,037) had abachelor's degree, 6.4% (962,007) had anassociate degree, 16.0% (2,393,990) had some college education but no degree, 26.8% (4,009,901) had a high school diploma or equivalent, 14.8% (2,224,557) had less than a high school education.[233] In 2010, CNN Money ranked the area as one of the top 10 smartest regions in the United States.[234]

Transportation

[edit]
TheNew York City Subway is the world's largestrapid transit system by length of routes and by number ofstations.
ThePort Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) rapid transit rail system connects Manhattan and metropolitanNorth Jersey beneath the Hudson River.
AnAcela Express train going to New York. The Acela Express, operated byAmtrak through theNortheast Corridor, is the solehigh-speed rail service in the country.

The depth and intricacy of the transportation network in the New York region parallels the size and complexity of the metropolis itself.

In 2013, the New York-Newark-Jersey City metropolitan statistical area (New York MSA) had the lowest percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (56.9 percent), with 18.9 percent of area workers traveling via rail transit. During the period starting in 2006 and ending in 2013, the New York MSA had a 2.2 percent decline of workers commuting by automobile.[235]

Rail

[edit]

About one in every three users ofmass transit in the United States and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York metropolitan area.[236][237]

New York City Subway

[edit]
Main article:New York City Subway

TheNew York City Subway is the largestrapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 472, and by length of routes. In 2006 it was the third largest when measured by annual ridership (1.5 billion passenger trips in 2006),[238] However, in 2013, the subway delivered over 1.71 billion rides,[239] but slipped to being theseventh busiest rapid transit rail system in the world.[240] New York's subway is also notable because nearly the entire system remains open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, includingHong Kong,[241][242]London,Seoul,[243][244]Tokyo, andToronto.[245]

PATH

[edit]
Main article:PATH (rail system)

PATH is arapid transit system connecting the cities ofNewark,Harrison,Hoboken, andJersey City, in metropolitan northernNew Jersey, with theLower andMidtown sections ofManhattan in New York City. The PATH is operated by thePort Authority of New York and New Jersey. PATH trains run 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.[246] The system has a total route length of 13.8 mi (22.2 km), not double-counting route overlaps.[247]

Commuter rail

[edit]

The metropolitan area is also fundamentally defined by the areas from which people commute into New York. The city is served by three primarycommuter rail systems, and is providedintercity rail transit withAmtrak.

TheLong Island Rail Road (LIRR), the busiestcommuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,[248] is operated by theMetropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), an agency of theState Government of New York that focuses on New York City-area transit). It has two major terminals at Pennsylvania Station inMidtown Manhattan andAtlantic Terminal inDowntown Brooklyn, with a minor terminal at theLong Island City station and a major transfer point at theJamaica station inQueens.

New Jersey Transit (NJT), the second busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,[248] is operated by the New Jersey Transit Corporation, an agency of the state of New Jersey, in conjunction with Metro-North Railroad and Amtrak. It has major terminals at Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan, Hoboken Terminal, andNewark Pennsylvania Station, with a major transfer point atSecaucus Junction inHudson County, New Jersey. New Jersey Transit also operates theHudson–Bergen Light Rail through Hudson County, theNewark Light Rail, and theRiver Line that runs along tracks shared withConrail Shared Assets Operations from Trenton toCamden inSouth Jersey. NJ Transit also has commuter buses operating in and out of Manhattan.

Metro-North Railroad (MNRR), the third busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,[248] is also operated by the MTA, in conjunction with theConnecticut Department of Transportation andNew Jersey Transit. Its major terminal isGrand Central Terminal. Trains on thePort Jervis Line andPascack Valley Line terminate atHoboken Terminal inHoboken, New Jersey; commuters may transfer at eitherSecaucus Junction for New Jersey Transit trains toNew York Pennsylvania Station or at Hoboken Terminal forPATH trains into Manhattan.

Amtrak'sNortheast Corridor offers service toPhiladelphia, New Haven, and other points between and includingBoston andWashington, D.C.

Major stations in the metropolitan area include:

StationRailroad(s)StateCountyType
New York Pennsylvania StationAmtrak,LIRR,NJTNYNew YorkTerminal and Transfer
Grand Central TerminalMNRRNYNew YorkTerminal
Newark Pennsylvania StationAmtrak,NJT,PATHNJEssexTransfer
Hoboken TerminalNJT,MNRR,PATHNJHudsonTerminal
Atlantic TerminalLIRRNYKingsTerminal
Stamford StationAmtrak,MNRR,Shore Line EastCTFairfieldTerminal and Transfer
Hunterspoint AvenueLIRRNYQueensTerminal
Woodside StationLIRRNYQueensTransfer
Jamaica StationLIRRNYQueensTransfer
Secaucus JunctionNJT,MNRRNJHudsonTransfer
New Haven Union StationAmtrak,MNRR,Shore Line East,CT RailCTNew HavenTerminal and Transfer
Trenton StationAmtrak,NJT,SEPTANJMercerTerminal and Transfer

The following table shows all train lines operated by these commuter railroads in the New York metropolitan area. New Jersey Transit operates an additional train line in thePhiladelphia metropolitan area. (Shown counterclockwise from the Atlantic Ocean):

Line or BranchRailroadCounties
Far RockawayLIRRKings,Queens,Nassau
Long BeachLIRRNassau
MontaukLIRRSuffolk
BabylonLIRRNassau,Suffolk
West HempsteadLIRRKings (weekdays),Queens,Nassau
HempsteadLIRRKings,Queens,Nassau
Ronkonkoma(Main Line)LIRRNassau,Suffolk
Port JeffersonLIRRNassau,Suffolk
Oyster BayLIRRNassau
Port WashingtonLIRRQueens,Nassau
New HavenMNRR,AmtrakNew York,Bronx,Westchester,Fairfield,New Haven
DanburyMNRRNew York,Fairfield
New CanaanMNRRNew York,Fairfield
WaterburyMNRRFairfield,New Haven
HarlemMNRRNew York,Bronx,Westchester,Putnam,Dutchess
HudsonMNRR,AmtrakBronx,Westchester,Putnam,Dutchess
Pascack ValleyMNRR,NJTHudson,Bergen,Rockland
Port Jervis /Main Line /Bergen CountyMNRR,NJTHudson,Bergen,Passaic,Rockland,Orange
Montclair–BoontonNJTNew York,Hudson,Essex,Passaic,Morris,Warren
Morris & Essex (Morristown Line andGladstone Branch)NJTNew York,Hudson,Essex,Union,Morris,Somerset,Warren
Raritan ValleyNJTHudson,Essex,Union,Middlesex,Somerset,Hunterdon
Northeast Corridor andPrinceton BranchNJT,AmtrakNew York,Hudson,Essex,Union,Middlesex,Mercer
North Jersey CoastNJTNew York,Hudson,Essex,Union,Middlesex,Monmouth,Ocean
Shore Line EastCT Rail,AmtrakFairfield,New Haven
HartfordCT Rail,AmtrakNew Haven

Major highways

[edit]

The following highways serve the region:

TheGeorge Washington Bridge, connectingWashington Heights in Upper Manhattan across the Hudson River to Fort Lee in Bergen County, New Jersey, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.[249][250]Interstate 95 andU.S. Route 1/9 cross the river via the bridge, whileU.S. Route 46, which lies entirely within New Jersey, ends halfway across the bridge at the state border with New York.
TheWalkway over the Hudson, the world's longestpedestrian bridge,[251] connectsUlster andDutchess counties in New York.

Interstates

[edit]
TheLong Island Expressway (I-495), viewing eastbound inCorona, Queens.

U.S. Routes

[edit]

State Routes

[edit]
Governor Alfred E. Driscoll Bridge inMiddlesex County connectsWoodbridge andSayreville, New Jersey across theRaritan River.
Merritt Parkway southbound inFairfield County, Connecticut.

Other limited-access roads

[edit]
View south along the northbound lanes of theGarden State Parkway from the overpass for theCapital to Coast Trail inWall Township,Monmouth County,New Jersey.

Some of these roads have a numerical designation assigned to it:

Named bridges and tunnels

[edit]
TheBrooklyn Bridge connectsManhattan andBrooklyn.
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, one of the world's longestsuspension bridges,[252][253] connectsBrooklyn andStaten Island acrossThe Narrows.
Great South Bay Bridge, inSuffolk County, connectsLong Island with thebarrier islands across theGreat South Bay.

Commuter bus

[edit]

New Jersey Transit,Academy Bus,Coach USA,Spanish Transportation,Trailways of New York, and several other companies operate commuter coaches into thePort Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan, and many other bus services in New Jersey. Bus services also operate in other nearby counties in the states of New York and Connecticut, but most terminate at a subway terminal or other rail station.

Major airports

[edit]
Main article:Aviation in the New York metropolitan area
TheAirTrain atJFK International Airport inJamaica, Queens in April 2007
View ofManhattan from theAirtrain atNewark Liberty International Airport in November 2015

The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area includeJohn F. Kennedy International Airport,Newark Liberty International Airport, andLaGuardia Airport; 130.5 million travelers used these three airports in 2016, and the metropolitan area's airspace is the busiest in the nation.[23]

AirportIATA codeICAO codeCountyState
John F. Kennedy International AirportJFKKJFKQueensNew York
Newark Liberty International AirportEWRKEWREssex/UnionNew Jersey
LaGuardia AirportLGAKLGAQueensNew York

The following smaller airports are also in the metro area and provide daily commercial service:

AirportIATA codeICAO codeCountyState
Long Island MacArthur AirportISPKISPSuffolkNew York
Stewart International AirportSWFKSWFOrangeNew York
Trenton–Mercer AirportTTNKTTNMercerNew Jersey
Tweed New Haven Regional AirportHVNKHVNNew HavenConnecticut
Westchester County AirportHPNKHPNWestchesterNew York
Brookhaven AirportWSHKHWVSuffolkNew York

Commuter usage

[edit]

According to the 2010 American Community Survey, 54.3% (5,476,169) of commuters used a car or other private vehicle alone, 7.0% (708,788) used a carpool, 27.0% (2,721,372) used public transportation, 5.5% (558,434) walked to work, 2.0% (200,448) used some other means of transportation such as a bicycle to get to work.[258]

Culture and contemporary life

[edit]
Main article:New York City § Culture
Metropolitan Museum of Art, part ofMuseum Mile in theCarnegie Hill neighborhood of Manhattan'sUpper East Side, is one of the largest and most visited museums in the world.[259]
Citi Field inFlushing, Queens, home of theNew York Mets
Yankee Stadium in theSouth Bronx, home of theNew York Yankees andNew York City FC
MetLife Stadium inEast Rutherford, New Jersey, home to theNew York Giants andNew York Jets, was the most expensive stadium ever built,[260] at approximately $1.6 billion.[261]
Travel + Leisure magazine's October 2011 survey namedTimes Square inMidtown Manhattan, iconified as the "Crossroads of the World",[262][263][264][265][266] the world's most visited tourist attraction with over 39 million visitors annually.[267]

New York has been described as the cultural capital of the world by thediplomatic consulates ofIceland[268] andLatvia[269] and by New York's ownBaruch College.[270] A book containing a series of essays titledNew York, culture capital of the world, 1940–1965 has also been published as showcased by theNational Library of Australia.[271]Tom Wolfe has quoted regarding New York's culture that "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather."[272]

Although Manhattan remains the epicenter of cultural life in the metropolitan area, the entire region is replete with prominent cultural institutions, with artistic performances and ethnically oriented events receiving international attention throughout the year.

Sports teams

[edit]
Further information:Sports in the New York metropolitan area
See also:Soccer in the New York metropolitan area

The New York metropolitan area is home to theheadquarters of theNational Football League,[273]Major League Baseball,[274] theNational Basketball Association,[275] theNational Hockey League,[276] andMajor League Soccer.[277] Four of the ten most expensivestadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the newYankee Stadium,Madison Square Garden, andCiti Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area.[260] The New York metropolitan area has thehighest total number of professional sports teams in these five leagues.

Listing of the professional sports teams in the New York metropolitan area:

Media

[edit]
Main article:Media in New York City

The New York metropolitan area is home to the headquarters of several well-known media companies, subsidiaries, and publications, includingThomson Reuters,The New York Times Company, theAssociated Press,Warner Bros. Discovery,NBCUniversal, theHearst Corporation,Paramount Global,News Corp, theFox Corporation,The Wall Street Journal,Fox News,ABC,CBS, andNBC. Local television channels broadcasting to the New York market includeWCBS-TV 2 (CBS),WNBC 4 (NBC),WNYW 5 (FOX),WABC-TV 7 (ABC),WWOR-TV 9 (MyNetworkTV),WPIX 11 (CW),WNET 13 (PBS),WNYE-TV 25 (NYC Media) andWPXN-TV 31 (Ion).NY1 is a 24/7 local news provider available only tocable television subscribers. Radio stations serving the area include:WNYC,WKCR,WFMU,WABC, andWFAN. Many television and radio stations use the top of theEmpire State Building to broadcast theirterrestrial television signals, while some media entities broadcast from studios inTimes Square.

The New York metropolitan area is extensive enough so that its own channels must compete with channels from neighboring television markets (includingPhiladelphia,Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, andHartford) within its outlying counties. Cable companies offer such competition in the Pennsylvania portion, Connecticut, and a few counties in central New Jersey.

Theme parks

[edit]

In New Jersey

[edit]
Skyline ofSix Flags Great Adventure inJackson Township, New Jersey, the world's largesttheme park[278] To the far left isKingda Ka, the world's tallestroller coaster until its closure in 2024.[279]
Main ParkOther ParksLocationYear Opened
Six Flags Great AdventureSix Flags Wild Safari,Six Flags Hurricane HarborJackson1974
Land of Make BelieveNoneHope1954
Mountain Creek WaterparkNoneVernon1998

In New York State

[edit]

Coney Island, in Brooklyn, is considered one of America's first amusement parks.

Playland, inRye,Westchester County, has been open since 1928.

Legoland New York, inGoshen,Orange County, opened in 2021.

Plans were unveiled by New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg on September 27, 2012, for theNew York Wheel, a giantFerris wheel, to be built at the northern shore ofStaten Island, overlooking theStatue of Liberty,New York Harbor, and theLower Manhattan skyline.[280]

Area codes

[edit]

The area is served by at least 26 area codes:

  • 212: ServesManhattan and isoverlaid with646,917, and332.
  • 718: Serves all other boroughs of New York City and is overlaid with347,917, and929.
  • 917: Serves all of New York City.
  • 516 & 363: ServeNassau County.
  • 631 & 934: ServeSuffolk County.
  • 914: ServesWestchester County.
  • 845: Serves theHudson Valley counties of southern New York State.
  • 570 & 272: Serves Pike County inPennsylvania.
  • 203 & 475: Serves southwesternConnecticut.
  • 860 & 959: Serves the rest of Connecticut not served by 203 or 475.
  • 201: Serves most of Bergen County, as well as parts of Essex, Hudson, and Passaic inNorthernNew Jersey, and is overlaid with551.
  • 973: Serves portions of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, and portions of Union County in Northern New Jersey, and is overlaid with862.
  • 908: Serves communities in Union County, Somerset County, northern parts of Middlesex County, Hunterdon County, Warren County, and Morris County as well as some cell phones in Monmouth County inCentral New Jersey.
  • 732: Serves Middlesex County, Somerset County, portions of Union County, Monmouth and northern Ocean counties in Central New Jersey; overlaid with848.
  • 609 & 640: Serves Mercer County and parts of Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties in Central New Jersey.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^Official weather observations for Central Park were conducted at the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street from 1869 to 1919, and at Belvedere Castle since 1919.[54]
  3. ^Many of the places on this list are towns inNew York, but oftentimes only specific villages or hamlets within the towns are significant.

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