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New York City Public Advocate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Municipal official

Public Advocate of New York City
Seal of the City of New York
Flag of the City of New York
since March 19, 2019
Term length4 years; may serve two consecutive terms
Inaugural holderMark Green
Formation1993
SuccessionFirst in theNew York City mayoral line of succession
DeputyFirst Deputy Public Advocate,Vacant
Salary$184,800 (2024)[1]
WebsiteOfficial website

The office ofNew York City Public Advocate (formerly President of theCity Council) is a citywide elected position inNew York City, which is first in line to succeed themayor.[2][3] The office serves as a direct link between theelectorate and city government, effectively acting as anombudsman, orwatchdog, for New Yorkers.

History

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The office was created in 1993, when theNew York City Council voted to rename the position of president of the city council. Following the city charter revision of 1989 which eliminated the powerfulNew York City Board of Estimate on which the president held a seat, the post was seen as largely ceremonial; its only notable responsibility was to cast the deciding vote in the city council in the unlikely event of a tie, a power that was eliminated in 2001.[4] At the time, it was thought likely that the post would be abolished altogether.[5] The position survived, and has been held byDemocrats throughout its history.Mark Green was the first public advocate and served through his unsuccessful run for Mayor in2001.

Also in 2001, the city council amended the city charter to transfer the public advocate's functions as presiding officer of the city council to a Speaker elected from among the council members. Green's successor,Betsy Gotbaum, thus had her role limited to being the city's de facto ombudsman. The2009 election to succeed Gotbaum was highly competitive and was won byBill de Blasio, who later became the first public advocate to win the mayor's office.

The current public advocate isJumaane Williams, following a special election on February 26, 2019.

Duties

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The public advocate is a non-voting member of theNew York City Council with the right to introduce and co-sponsor legislation. Prior to a 2002 charter revision, the public advocate was also the presiding officer of the council.[6] The public advocate also serves as an ombudsman for city government, providing oversight for city agencies, investigating citizens' complaints about city services and making proposals to address perceived shortcomings or failures of those services. These duties, worded somewhat ambiguously, are laid out in section 24 of the city charter. The public advocate serves on the committee which selects the director of theNew York City Independent Budget Office and appoints members to several boards and commissions, including one member of theNew York City Planning Commission. The public advocate also serves as chairman of the Commission of Public Information and Communication established by section 1061 of theNew York City Charter.

Along with themayor and thecomptroller, the public advocate is one of three municipal offices elected by all the city's voters. In the event of a vacancy or incapacity of the mayor, the public advocate is first in line to become mayor.[7]

List of New York City public advocates

[edit]
No.ImageNameTerm of officeParty affiliationNotes
1Mark GreenJanuary 1, 1994 – December 31, 2001Democratic
2Betsy GotbaumJanuary 1, 2002 – December 31, 2009Democratic
  • elected to two four-year terms[11]
  • did not run for re-election[12]
3Bill de BlasioJanuary 1, 2010 – December 31, 2013Democratic
4Letitia JamesJanuary 1, 2014 – December 31, 2018Democratic
—Corey Johnson (acting)January 1, 2019 – March 19, 2019Democratic
  • became the acting public advocate upon James being sworn in as attorney general of the state of New York[18]
5Jumaane WilliamsMarch 19, 2019 – presentDemocratic

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Public Advocate Salaries".GovSalaries. 2024.Archived from the original on September 19, 2025.
  2. ^"The Mayor".What Makes New York City Run? A Citizen's Guide To How City Government Works (Third ed.). New York, N.Y.: League of Women Voters of the City of New York Education Fund. 2001. pp. 30–31.ISBN 0-916130-02-9.
  3. ^Coltin, Jeff; Ngo, Emily; Reisman, Nick; Bah, Hajah (August 23, 2023)."Succession: NYC mayoral edition".Politico. Axel Springer SE.Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2024.
  4. ^Ross, Scott (October 12, 2009)."Bloomberg Wants to Axe Public Advocate". NBC New York. RetrievedJune 26, 2020.
  5. ^Raab, Selwyn (January 30, 1993)."'President' Is Confusing; Council May Alter Title".The New York Times. RetrievedDecember 3, 2010.
  6. ^Cardwell, Diane (December 2, 2002)."Betsy Gotbaum, the Advocate, Struggles to Reach Her Public".The New York Times. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2013.
  7. ^"The Mayor".What makes New York City run? : a citizen's guide to how city government works(trade) (Third ed.). New York, N.Y.: League of Women Voters of the City of New York Education Fund. 2001. pp. 30–31.ISBN 0-916130-02-9.
  8. ^Hicks, Jonathan P. (November 3, 1993)."Green Breezes in Rematch From Primary".New York Times. p. B5. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  9. ^Nagourney, Adam (November 5, 1997)."Giuliani Sweeps to Second Term As Mayor; Whitman Holds on By a Razor-Thin Margin - Firm Grip on City – Mayor Wins 4 Boroughs – Messinger Makes Her Concession".New York Times. p. A1. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  10. ^Nagourney, Adam (November 7, 2001)."The 2001 Elections: Bloomberg Edges Green in Race for Mayor; McGreevey is an Easy Winner in New Jersey".New York Times. p. A1. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  11. ^"The Races in New York City".New York Times. November 10, 2005. p. B6. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  12. ^Santos, Fernanda (October 27, 2008)."Betsy Gotbaum Says She Will Not Seek Re-election as the City's Public Advocate".New York Times. p. A28. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  13. ^Chen, David W.; Barbaro, Michael (November 3, 2019)."Bloomberg Wins 3rd Term as Mayor in Unexpectedly Close Race".New York Times. p. A1. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  14. ^Barbaro, Michael; Chen, David W. (November 6, 2013)."De Blasio Is Elected New York City Mayor in Landslide; Christie Coasts To 2nd Term as Governor".New York Times. p. A1. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  15. ^Powell, Michael (November 7, 2013)."In New York City's Sharp Left Turn, Questions of Just How Far".New York Times. p. A29. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  16. ^Neuman, William; Goodman, J. David (November 8, 2017)."De Blasio Coasts to Re-election, as Second-Term Challenges Await".New York Times. p. A1. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  17. ^Mays, Jeffrey C. (November 7, 2018)."Breaking Barriers, Letitia James Is Elected New York Attorney General".New York Times. p. A28. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  18. ^abGoodman, J. David (December 31, 2018)."2 of New York's Most Influential Offices Are About to Be Held by One Person".New York Times. p. A17. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
  19. ^Mays, Jeffery C. (February 26, 2019)."Jumaane Williams Wins Public Advocate Race in New York City".New York Times. p. A1. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2019.
  20. ^Brand, David (November 5, 2025)."Jumaane Williams wins re-election as NYC public advocate".Gothamist. RetrievedJanuary 1, 2026.
  21. ^"Jumaane Williams is Re-elected New York City Public Advocate". November 5, 2025. Archived fromthe original on November 5, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 1, 2026.

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