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New Force Fuerza Nueva | |
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| Founder | Blas Piñar |
| Founded | 1976 |
| Dissolved | 1982 |
| Succeeded by | National Front |
| Youth wing | Fuerza Joven Youth Front |
| Paramilitary Wing | Youth Front |
| Ideology | Spanish nationalism Ultranationalism Francoism[1] Falangism[2] Neo-Fascism[3] |
| Political position | Far-right[2] |
| Congreso de los Diputados (1979) | 1 / 350 |
| Part ofa series on |
| Conservatism in Spain |
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New Force (Spanish:Fuerza Nueva,FN) was afar-right political party inSpain founded byBlas Piñar, director of the Institute of Hispanic Culture and longtimeprocurador in theCortes Españolas during theFrancoist period. Originally operating as a publishing house, FN sought to preserve Francoism in Spain duringthe transition to democracy. After its dissolution as a political party in 1982, it continued to operate as a publishing house under the same name, and its political activities and stylings were succeeded by theNational Front party.
New Force was founded in 1966 asFuerza Nueva Editorial SA, a publishing house of far-right and Francoist literature (by 1967 alsoa magazine of the same name [es]). From the beginning, their literature was aimed at an audience of nostalgicFalangists and Francoists.
By 1976, Piñar reorganized FN as the only openly extreme right-wing party represented in the new Spanish democracy; its leadership consisted of Piñar and seven other Francoists, and was headed by GeneralÁlvaro de Lacalle Leloup, member ofOpus Dei. FN sought for a continuation of Francoism in all its forms (whether taking cues fromFalangism,Carlism, or Opus Dei Catholicism), and it rejected the constitutional monarchy ofJuan Carlos I. FN's membership and supporter base was an amalgam ofCatholictraditionalists, technocrats, Falangists, and Spanish nationalists.
During the first years of the transition to democracy, FN's members were involved in supporting and perpetrating a number of terrorist incidents and murders against striking workers, left-wing politicians, trade unionists, journalists, and student organizations. Examples include the murder of 21-year-oldCNT member Jorge Caballero by ten members ofFuerza Joven (FN's youth organization),[4] theMontejurra massacre, and several murders by the colludingGuerrilleros de Cristo Rey.[5] One of the most significant terrorist incidents supported by FN was the1977 Atocha massacre, in which members of FN and the Guerrilleros de Cristo Rey assassinated labour activists affiliated with theCommunist Party of Spain; the attack, which was intended to spur a right wing coup d'état in the country, instead led to the arrest and sentencing of five FN affiliates to a collective 464 years in prison.[6][7][8]
In the1977 Spanish general election, the first free election since theSpanish Civil War, FN was represented by theNational Alliance July 18 coalition, an organization that also included the re-foundedFalange Española de las JONS and the CarlistTraditionalist Communion; this coalition failed to achieve any seats, earning only 0.37% of the vote.[9]
In the1979 elections, the coalition was renamed theNational Union, and received 2.69% of the vote (378,964 votes).[10] As this percentage was enough to earn one seat in the Congress of Deputies, Blas Piñar was elected as deputy of Madrid. The majority of parliamentary interventions by Piñar were centred on issues of post-transition Spain, denouncing topics such as separatism, abortion, and economic mismanagement.[citation needed]
New Force disappeared officially as a party on 20 November 1982, after the breakup of the National Union coalition and further losses of support.[11] Standing alone in the1982 general election, FN obtained only 0.52% of the vote (108,746 votes total), and Piñar lost his seat in Congress.[12] Internal fights aggravated the crisis within the FN and sparked the appearance of a breakaway movement that culminated in the creation of theHispanic Union (UH).[citation needed]
A number of leaders of later nationalist parties passed through FN's youth organization,Fuerza Joven ("Young Force"), including José Luis Corral (leader of Movimiento Católico Español), Rafael López-Diéguez (general secretary ofSpanish Alternative), and Ricardo Sáenz de Ynestrillas Pérez (of the Alliance for National Unity coalition). Other significant figures who were previously members are José Maria del Nido, president ofSevilla FC from 2002 to 2013, andJavier Tebas, lawyer and president of theLiga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional.[13]
As a political party, FN was succeeded by theNational Front, founded under the same acronym and logo with the assistance of the FrenchNational Front (now the National Rally) and theItalian Social Movement. It dissolved in 1993.
As a publishing house,Fuerza Nueva Editorial published a number of nationalist,anti-Marxist, and evenantisemitic books. Featured authors included Francoist Prime MinisterLuis Carrero Blanco and Belgian politician and Nazi collaboratorLéon Degrelle. Most frequently published were the works of Piñar himself, and ofHoria Sima, the oustedRomanian fascist leader, who lived in Spain until his death.[14] Piñar's works focused on promoting Spanish nationalism and unity, whereas Sima's works (includingWhat is Communism?,What is Nationalism?,The Christian Man and Political Action, andStrategies in the Struggle Against Communism) were primarily anti-Marxist,anti-Masonic, and antisemitic in nature.
Though ceasing to exist as a political party, FN continued its activities as a publishing house after 1982, including continuing to publish its magazine of the same name. The magazine, under the editorship ofLuis Fernandez Villamea, was published weekly (and then biweekly) until its 1466th issue in March 2017.[15]
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