| Part ofa series on Bektashism |
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Historical figures |
Nevruz Day is celebrated annually inAlbania on22 March asSultan Nevruz. In Albania, the festival commemorates the birthday ofAli ibn Abi Talib (died 661 CE) and simultaneously the advent of spring.[1][2] Declared a public holiday in 1996,[3] it is prominent amongst the nation'sBektashis (because of theirShia affiliations), but adherents ofSunnism,Catholicism, andOrthodoxy also "share in the Nevruz festival to respect the ecumenical spirit of Albania".[4] Amongst these three non-Bektashis, the Sunni community of Albania appears to be greatest supporter of Nevruz.[5][6] The "League of Imams in Albania" though, is opposed to the festivity, and they call it a pagan festival with pagan origins; they believe that only the festivals ofEid al-Fitr and theEid al-Adha should be celebrated.[7] Proselytism funded byWahhabis andSaudis contributed to the spreading of this Islamic interpretation, which, although not necessarily fundamentalist, "strongly disapproves of Baktāshi rituals and practices considered alien to Islam, including the Nevruz".[8]
According to Gianfranco Bria:[9]
The Baktāshis claim to have adopted an ecumenical nationalist rhetoric to achieve a path of accommodation (at most, negotiation) with the secular and multi-confessional roots of Albanian civil religion. In this sense, the celebration of the Nevruz by Baktāshis aims to achieve two goals. The first is to legitimize the monopoly of so-called mysticism within Albanian society, incorporating everything that could be seen as esoteric and/or new-age to portray ‘Albanian ecumenical peculiarity’. The second is to involve the highest number of believers, especially the young (the majority of the population) who have grown up in a post-secular society and are fascinated by western socio-economic models, by mixing the Baktāshi tradition with progressive scientific and political rationalism.
On the occasion of the Nevruz festival of 1991, theKryegjyshata (Bektashi headquarters) inTirana was reopened after theCommunist period, in a moving ceremony that was attended byMother Teresa.[10] During the Nevruz festival of 1999,Naim Frashëri (1846 – 1900), the prominent Albanian writer and patriot of theAlbanian national movement, who was also a Bektashi, was nearly canonised as "Baba of Honor".[11]
Prominent Bektashi figureheads have organized public celebrations of Nevruz andAshura, in order to "forge a link between creed, nation and progressivism".[12] Some foreign factors, such as the Iranian Embassy in Albania and someAlevi networks, have often voiced support for these public initiatives and rituals.[12] The Iranian government is known to have given cultural and political support in order to extend its own influence in theBalkans, without, however, affecting Bektashi autonomy.[12]
