Aneurohormone is anyhormone produced and released byneuroendocrine cells (also called neurosecretory cells) into the blood.^[1][2] By definition of being hormones, they are secreted into the circulation for systemic effect, but they can also have a role ofneurotransmitter or other roles such asautocrine (self) orparacrine (local) messenger.^[3]

Thehypothalamusreleasing hormones are neurohypophysial hormones in specialized hypothalamicneurons which extend to themedian eminence andposterior pituitary. Theadrenal medulla producesadrenomedullary hormones inchromaffin cells, cells which are very similar in structure to post-synapticsympathetic neurons, even though they are not neurons they are derivatives of theneural crest.^[4]

Enterochromaffin andenterochromaffin-like cells, both beingenteroendocrine cells, are also considered neuroendocrine cells due to their structural and functional similarity to chromaffin cells, although they are not derivatives of the neural crest.^[5] Other neuroendocrine cells are scattered throughout the body. Neurohormone are released by neurosecretory cells

Releasing hormones also known as hypophysiotropic or hypothalamic hormones are synthesized by different kinds of specialized neurons in the hypothalamus. They are then transported along neuronalaxons to theiraxon terminals forming the bulk of themedian eminence, where they are stored and released into thehypophyseal portal system. They then rapidly reach theanterior pituitary where they exert their hormonal action. The residual hormones pass into the systemic circulation where they are diluted, degraded and have comparatively little effects. The synthesis, control, and release of those hormones is co-regulated by hormonal, local and synaptic signals (neurotransmitters).^[6][7] The neurons secreting various hormones have been found to discharge impulses in burst, causing a pulsatile release which is more efficient than a continuous release.^[8] Hypophysiotropic hormones include:

• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
• Corticotropin-releasing hormone
• Growth hormone-releasing hormone
• Somatostatin
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
• Dopamine
• Neurotensin

Neurohypophysial hormones are synthesized in themagnocellular secretory neurons of the hypothalamus. They are then transported along neuronal axons within theinfundibular stalk to their axon terminals forming the pars nervosa of theposterior pituitary, where they are stored and released into the systemic circulation. The synthesis, control, and release of those hormones is co-regulated by hormonal, local and synaptic signals.^[9] Neurohypophysial hormones include:

• Oxytocin
• Vasopressin

This is through this pathway that the vast majority of oxytocin and vasopressin hormones reach the systemic circulation.

Adrenomedullary hormones arecatecholamines secreted from theadrenal medulla bychromaffin cells, neurosecretory cells connected to the central nervous system.^[10] The synthesis, storage (in chromaffin cells) and release of catecholamines is co-regulated by synaptic input from their respective pre-synaptic sympathetic neurons, as well as hormonal and local inputs.^[11][12] The adrenomedullary hormones are:

• Adrenaline
• Noradrenaline
• Dopamine

Enterochromaffin cells in the epithelia lining thelumen of the digestive tract secreteserotonin, whileenterochromaffin-like cells at thestomach glands secretehistamine. Their synthesis, storage, and release of hormones is co-regulated by hormonal, local and nervous inputs.^{[13][14][15][16][17]}

• Natural neuroactive substance

• Hormones of the brain

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• Short description matches Wikidata