Nerchinsk Нерчинск | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
.png) Flag _(1790).png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Nerchinsk  | |
  Nerchinsk Location of Nerchinsk Show map of Russia Nerchinsk Nerchinsk (Zabaykalsky Krai) Show map of Zabaykalsky Krai | |
| Coordinates:51°59′40″N116°33′20″E / 51.99444°N 116.55556°E /51.99444; 116.55556 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Zabaykalsky Krai[1] |
| Administrative district | Nerchinsky District[1] |
| Founded | 1653 |
| Elevation | 490 m (1,610 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 14,959 |
• Estimate (2018)[3] | 14,919 (−0.3%) |
| • Capital of | Nerchinsky District[1] |
| • Municipal district | Nerchinsky Municipal District[4] |
| • Urban settlement | Nerchinskoye Urban Settlement[4] |
| • Capital of | Nerchinsky Municipal District,[5] Nerchinskoye Urban Settlement[6] |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (MSK+6 [7]) |
| Postal code(s)[8] | 673400, 673402, 673403, 673429, 673840 |
| OKTMO ID | 76628101001 |
| Website | гпнерчинское |
Nerchinsk (Russian:Не́рчинск;Buryat:Нэршүү,Nershüü;Mongolian:Нэрчүү,Nerchüü;Manchu:ᠨᡳᠪᠴᡠ, Möllendorff:Nibcu, Abkai:Nibqu) is atown and theadministrative center ofNerchinsky District inZabaykalsky Krai,Russia, located on the left bank of theNercha River, 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) above itsconfluence with theShilka River, 644 kilometers (400 mi) east ofLake Baikal, about 225 kilometers (140 mi) west of theChinese border, and 305 kilometers (190 mi) east ofChita, the administrative center of thekrai. Population:14,959 (2010 Census);[2]15,748 (2002 Census);[9]16,961 (1989 Soviet census);[10] 6,713 (1897).
Two important treaties between theRussian Empire and theQing Dynasty mention Nerchinsk: the 1689Treaty of Nerchinsk and the 1727Treaty of Kyakhta. Non-Russian comments on these treaties or on the history of the town may mention other names:
The fort of Nerchinsk dates from 1654.Afanasy Pashkov [ru] founded the town four years later; in that year he opened direct communication between the Russian settlements inTransbaikalia and those on theAmur River which had been founded byCossacks and fur-traders from theYakutsk region.[11] In 1689 Russia andChina signed theTreaty of Nerchinsk, which stopped the farther advance of the Russians into the basin of the Amur for two centuries (seeSino-Russian border conflicts).
After that, Nerchinsk became the chief center for Russian trade with China. The opening of the western route throughMongolia, viaUrga, and the establishment of a custom-house atKyakhta in 1728 diverted this trade into a new channel. But Nerchinsk acquired fresh importance from the influx of immigrants, mostly exiles, into eastern Dauria, from the discovery of rich mines and from the arrival of great numbers of convicts to theNerchinsk katorga. Ultimately Nerchinsk became the chief town of Transbaikalia.
The famous English adventurer and engineerSamuel Bentham visited Nerchinsk in 1782. Bentham had seen a potential for Nerchinsk as a base for access to theSea of Okhotsk, provided the Chinese would authorize navigation on theAmur River. Such a venture would have opened up the possibility of fur trade with thePacific Ocean, as far as the Chinese port ofCanton.
In 1812, Nerchinsk was transferred from the banks of the Shilka to its present site, on account of floods. The town relinquished its supremacy to Chita in the late 19th century, when theTrans-Siberian Railway bypassed it.
According toGeorge Kennan, "a few of theDecembrist conspirators of 1825" and "thousands of Polish insurgents" from their unsuccessfulinsurrection of 1863" were transported to the Nerchinsk silver-mining district.[12]
In the early 20th century, Nerchinsk was built of wood, and its lower areas frequently suffered from inundations. The inhabitants supported themselves mainly by agriculture, tobacco-growing and cattle-breeding; a few merchants traded in furs and cattle, in brick-tea fromChina, and in manufactured wares fromRussia. Gold-mines in the vicinity were owned and developed by the Butin family of merchants, whose Neo-Moorish palace now accessible for visitors.
As of 2016[update] Nerchinsk is home to some small electromechanical and food-processing industries. It has a small museum, established in 1884. Among its sights are the Resurrection Cathedral, built in the Neoclassical style in 1825 to commemorate the city's relocation, its belltower destroyed by the Communists. The site of old Nerchinsk is marked by the Assumption Monastery, the oldest inDauria, founded in 1664. Its cathedral, consecrated in 1712, is the easternmost building in theMuscovite Baroque style.
Within theframework of administrative divisions, Nerchinsk serves as theadministrative center ofNerchinsky District, to which it is directly subordinated.[1] As amunicipal division, thetown of Nerchinsk, together with one rural locality (theselo ofMakeyevka), is incorporated within Nerchinsky Municipal District asNerchinskoye Urban Settlement.[4]
Nerchinsk | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summary | |||||||||||
| Airport type | Military | ||||||||||
| Operator | Russian Air Force | ||||||||||
| Location | Nerchinsk | ||||||||||
| Elevation AMSL | 1,575 ft / 480 m | ||||||||||
| Coordinates | 52°0′0″N116°32′0″E / 52.00000°N 116.53333°E /52.00000; 116.53333 | ||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
| Runways | |||||||||||
| |||||||||||
The Nerchinsk Airport is a former air-base located 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) northwest of the town. It was abandoned in the 1990s.[13] The substandard runway length suggests a 1950s design.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nerchinsk".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 388.| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
