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Nepenthes alata

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

Nepenthes alata
Nepenthes alata upper pitcher,Mount Ambucao, nearBanaue andSagada, northernLuzon,Philippines
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Order:Caryophyllales
Family:Nepenthaceae
Genus:Nepenthes
Species:
N. alata
Binomial name
Nepenthes alata
Blanco (1837)[2]
Synonyms

Nepenthes alata (/nɪˈpɛnθzəˈlɑːtə/; fromLatinalatus "winged") is a tropicalpitcher plantendemic to thePhilippines.[7][17] Like all pitcher plants, it iscarnivorous and uses its nectar to attract insects that drown in the pitcher and are digested by the plant. It is highlypolymorphic, and its taxonomy continues to be subject to revisions.

Description

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Developing seed pods.

N. alata can vary strongly in colouration and morphology. Thefloral formula is ✶ K4 A4+4+1* G0 for staminate (the apical stamen /*/ may not be present) and ✶ K4 A0G(4) for pistillate flowers.[18]

Taxonomy

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Nepenthes alata has long been treated as a highlypolymorphic species spanning all the major islands of thePhilippine archipelago (with the possible exception ofPalawan).[19] Under this broadcircumscription,N. alata was understood to have an altitudinal range of 0–1,900 m (0–6,234 ft)above sea level[17] and was recorded from, among others, the islands ofBohol,Camiguin,Cebu,Culion,Leyte,Luzon,Mindanao,Mindoro,Negros,Panay,Samar,[20][21] andSibuyan.Nepenthes alata in this broad sense (sensu lato) is one of the easiest and most popularNepenthes incultivation.[22]

In 2013,N. alata was redelimited byMartin Cheek andMatthew Jebb to encompass only those populations from northern and centralLuzon with conspicuously hairy pitchers (ataxon known in horticultural circles as the "hairyN. alata").[7] Cheek and Jebb'sN. alatasensu stricto has an altitudinal distribution of 550 m (1,800 ft) and above.[7] Under this interpretation, the more southerly plants previously referred to this species actually represent the newly resurrectedN. graciliflora (the "typicalN. alata" of horticulture; found onBohol,Leyte,Luzon,Mindanao,Mindoro,Panay,Samar, andSibuyan) as well as the newly describedN. negros (Biliran andNegros) andN. ramos (Mindanao).[7][23]Nepenthes viridis fromDinagat andSamar is another close relative,[24] as areN. ceciliae (Mindanao),N. copelandii (Mindanao),N. extincta (Mindanao),N. hamiguitanensis (Mindanao),N. kitanglad (Mindanao),N. kurata (Mindanao),N. leyte (Leyte),N. mindanaoensis (Dinagat and Mindanao),N. saranganiensis (Mindanao), andN. ultra (Luzon).[7][17][23][25][26][27] Together these species form the so-called "N. alata group", being united by a number of morphological characters including wingedpetioles,lids with basal ridges on the lower surface (often elaborated into appendages), and upper pitchers that are usually broadest near the base.[25]

Nepenthes alata is closely related to several other species, includingN. copelandii,N. mindanaoensis, andN. saranganiensis.Nepenthes eustachya from Sumatra was once considered to fall within the variability ofN. alata, but this was based on a misinterpretation oftype specimens; these two species do not seem closely related to each other.[citation needed]

Morphological differences betweenN. alata andN. eustachya (Jebb & Cheek, 1997)
Morphological characterN. alataN. eustachya
Leaf bladelanceolate-ovatelanceolate
Leaf apexacute or attenuaterounded to sub-peltate
Petiolebroadly wingedscarcely or not winged
Spursimple, acutely pointedsimple or bifurcate
Indumentumreddish or whitish hairsabsent throughout
Structure of pitcher basetexture similar to rest of pitcher, abruptly attenuate to tendrilangular, woody, gradually attenuate to tendril

Infraspecific taxa

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Natural hybrids

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References

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  1. ^Clarke, C.M. (2018)."Nepenthes alata".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2018 e.T49120197A143972386.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T49120197A143972386.en. Retrieved19 November 2021.
  2. ^(in Spanish) Blanco, F.M. 1837.Nepenthes. In:Flora de Filipinas. Segun el Sistema sexual de Linneo. Sto. Thomas por D. Candido Lopez, Manila. pp. 805–809.
  3. ^(in Latin) Blume, C.L. 1852.Ord. Nepenthaceae. In:Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
  4. ^Cheek, M.; Jebb, M. (2013). "Identification and typification ofNepenthes blancoi, withN. abalata sp. nov. from the western Visayas, Philippines".Nordic Journal of Botany.31 (2):151–156.doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00012.x.
  5. ^Brongniart, A (1824)."Observations sur les genresCytinus etNepenthes".Annales des Sciences Naturelles (in French).1:29–52.
  6. ^Danser, B.H. 1928.1.Nepenthes alataBlanco. [pp. 258–262] In:The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies.Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III,9(3–4): 249–438.
  7. ^abcdefgCheek, M.; Jebb, M. (2013). "Typification and redelimitation ofNepenthes alata with notes on theN. alata group, andN. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines".Nordic Journal of Botany.31 (5):616–622.doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00099.x.
  8. ^Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012.A revision ofNepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia.Archived 2013-10-07 at theWayback MachineGardens' Bulletin Singapore64(1): 33–49.
  9. ^Schlauer, J.N.d.Nepenthes alata. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  10. ^Smythies, B.E. 1965. The distribution and ecology of pitcher-plants (Nepenthes) in Sarawak. UNESCO Humid Tropics Symposium, June–July 1963, Kuching, Sarawak.
  11. ^Kurata, S (1973). "Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra".The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore.26 (2):227–232.
  12. ^(in Indonesian) Tamin, R. & M. Hotta 1986.Nepenthes di Sumatera: The genusNepenthes of the Sumatra Island. In: M. Hotta (ed.)Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra: Forest Ecosystem and Speciation in Wet Tropical Environments. Part 1: Reports and Collection of Papers. Kyoto University, Kyoto. pp. 75–109.
  13. ^Hopkins, M.; Maulder, R. (1990)."A real nice trip to Southeast Asia"(PDF).Carnivorous Plant Newsletter.19 (1–2):19–28.doi:10.55360/cpn191-2.mh330.
  14. ^Shivas, R.G. 1984.Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia & Singapore. Maruzen Asia, Kuala Lumpur.
  15. ^Jebb, M.H.P.; Cheek, M.R. (1997). "A skeletal revision ofNepenthes (Nepenthaceae)".Blumea.42 (1):1–106.
  16. ^abcCheek, M.R.; Jebb, M.H.P. (2001). "Nepenthaceae".Flora Malesiana.15:1–157.
  17. ^abcdeMcPherson, S.R. 2009.Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  18. ^Ronse De Craene, Louis P. (2010-02-04).Floral Diagrams: An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology and Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 165.ISBN 978-0-521-49346-8.
  19. ^abMcPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011.Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  20. ^Suarez, W. 2011.Samar'sNepenthes alata. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, January 12, 2011.
  21. ^abRobinson, A. 2012.Nepenthes merrilliana on SamarArchived 2012-07-22 at theWayback Machine. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, June 29, 2012.
  22. ^Catalano, M. 2009.Nepenthes. In:Growing Carnivores — an Italian perspective. Prague. pp. 50–57.
  23. ^abCheek, M.; Jebb, M. (2013). "Nepenthes ramos (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Mindanao, Philippines".Willdenowia.43 (1):107–111.doi:10.3372/wi.43.43112.
  24. ^(in German) Micheler, M., T. Gronemeyer, A. Wistuba, D. Marwinski, W. Suarez & V. Amoroso 2013.Nepenthes viridis, eine neueNepenthes-Art von der Insel Dinagat, Philippinen.Das Taublatt76: 4–21.
  25. ^abcCheek, M.; Jebb, M. (2013)."Recircumscription of theNepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species".European Journal of Taxonomy (69):1–23.doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.69.
  26. ^Cheek, M.; Jebb, M. (2013). "Nepenthes ultra (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines".Blumea.58 (3):241–244.doi:10.3767/000651913X675124.
  27. ^Mey, F.S. 2013.TheNepenthes alata group: resurrection ofN. graciliflora ;N. ramos andN. negros described as new species.Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, August 27, 2013.
  28. ^abMacfarlane, J.M. 1908.Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler.Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
  29. ^abMann, P (1998)."A trip to the Philippines".Carnivorous Plant Newsletter.27 (1):6–11.doi:10.55360/cpn271.pm673.
  30. ^abKurata, S. & M. Toyoshima 1972. Philippine species ofNepenthes.The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore26(1): 155–158.AbstractArchived 2011-07-22 at theWayback Machine
  31. ^Fleming, R (1979)."HybridNepenthes"(PDF).Carnivorous Plant Newsletter.8 (1):10–12.doi:10.55360/cpn081.rf403.

Further reading

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External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toNepenthes alata.
Incompletely diagnosed taxa
N. sp. Anipahan
N. sp. Misool
Possible extinct species
N. echinatus
N. echinosporus
N. major
Nepenthes alata
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