Nepal Communist Party नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी | |
|---|---|
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| Abbreviation | NCP (English) नेकपा (Nepali) |
| Chairperson | Pushpa Kamal Dahal KP Sharma Oli[1] |
| General Secretary | Bishnu Prasad Paudel |
| Presidium | Secretariat of the Nepal Communist Party |
| Spokesperson | Narayan Kaji Shrestha |
| Founded | 17 May 2018 (2018-05-17) |
| Dissolved | 8 March 2021 (2021-03-08) |
| Merger of | CPN (Maoist Centre) CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) |
| Succeeded by | CPN (Maoist Centre) CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) |
| Headquarters | Aakirti Marg,Dhumbarahi (Kathmandu) |
| Student wing | All Nepal National Free Students Union |
| Youth wing | National Youth Union, Nepal |
| Labour wing | GEFONT ANTUF |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Left-wing[6] Factions: Centre-left tofar-left |
| International affiliation | IMCWP[7] |
| Colors | Red |
| Anthem | "The Internationale" |
| Election symbol | |
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| Party flag | |
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TheNepal Communist Party, abbreviatedNCP (Nepali:नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी,pronounced[neˈpalˈkʌmjunisʈˈpa(r)ʈi]) was a communist party in Nepal that existed from 2018 to 2021. It was founded on 17 May 2018, from the unification of twoleftist parties,Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) andCommunist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre). The unification was completed by the Party Unification Coordination Committee, after eight months of negotiation. The two predecessor parties subsequently dissolved, making way for the new united party. The party retained the electoral symbol of the CPN (UML), the sun.[8][9]
The party was the largest political party in theHouse of Representatives,National Assembly and in allprovincial assemblies exceptNo. 2. Former prime minister of NepalPushpa Kamal Dahal andK. P. Sharma Oli, both served as the chairmen of the party.[10] After internal conflicts in the party and thedissolution of parliament, the party splintered into two major factions.[11] On 8 March 2021, Nepal's Supreme Court stated that the allocation of the name "Nepal Communist Party" upon the merger of the CPN-UML and CPN (Maoist Centre), and by extension the merger itself, was voidab initio, as the name was already allotted toa party led byRishiram Kattel, and that the NCP stood "dismissed".[12] Upon the ruling, the two predecessor parties were revived in their original state immediately prior to the merger, although should the two wish to merge again with proper procedure being followed, it would be fully allowed.
On 3 October 2017, the two majorcommunist parties, theCommunist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and theCommunist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) who were second and third largest party ofNepal respectively announced a coalition for the upcominglegislative andprovincial election. This was joined byNaya Shakti Party led by former prime ministerBaburam Bhattarai. This was a practice to side line the largest party of Nepal,Nepali Congress from government and decrease its strength in parliament. The three parties also announced plans for unification following the election with the formation of a Unification Coordination Committee.[13][14][15]
On 14 October 2017,Naya Shakti Party broke from the alliance citing differences with the two parties.[16] The alliance between the two parties won a majority in theHouse of Representatives and in six of the sevenprovincial assemblies.[17][18] Following the elections, it was decided thatCPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) would get chief ministers inProvince No. 1,Bagmati Province,Gandaki Province andLumbini Province, andCPN (Maoist Centre) would get chief ministers inKarnali Province andSudurpashchim Province.[19] The party also won a two-thirds majority in theNational Assembly.[20][21] Following the formation of theFederal Parliament of Nepal, parliamentary party leader of theCommunist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist),Khadga Prasad Oli was sworn in asPrime Minister on 15 February 2018.[22][23] The merger of the two parties was initially announced for 22 April 2018, to coincide with the formation of the original Communist Party of Nepal in 1949,[24] but the unification was put on hold citing insufficient time to sort out remaining issues.[25]
TheCPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) andCPN (Maoist Centre) dissolved their central committees on 17 May 2018 and the new party was formed on the same day. Khadga Prasad Oli and Pushpa Kamal Dahal would serve as joint chairmen of the party until a general convention was held.[26][27][28] The party also named its Standing Committee consisting of 26 members of the former UML and 19 members of the former Maoist Centre on 12 June 2018.[29] The provincial committees of the party were finalized on 4 December 2018.[30][31] The district committees were finalized on 22 April 2019,[32][33] and the district in-charges were appointed on 22 July 2019.[34][35]
In a party secretariat meeting on 21 August 2019, senior leader of the partyMadhav Kumar Nepal registered a note on dissent regarding the work division in the party and criticizing the two co-chairmen,K.P. Sharma Oli andPushpa Kamal Dahal, for not completing the merger process sooner. He also criticized Oli for not following the "One Leader, One Position" policy that the party had decided on and called for Oli to either resign as party leader or as prime minister.[36][37][38] A meeting of the secretariat on 21 November 2019, the party decided on continuing with two leaders but made Dahal the executive head of the party. The meeting also decided on letting Oli complete his full term as prime minister instead of the agreement between the two leaders to lead the government in turns.[39][40] The cabinet was also reshuffled after criticisms of the government from within the party.[41][42][43] A rift within the party was also formed after some factions in the party did not favor a grant under theMillennium Challenge Corporation that the government had agreed with the United States government.[44][45] A task force formed by the party decided on not endorsing the agreement without amendments.[46][47]
Bam Dev Gautam was appointed as the party's vice-chairman after the central committee of the party amended the party statute.[48] Party co-chairman,Pushpa Kamal Dahal andMadhav Kumar Nepal criticized the Oli governments handling of theCOVID-19 pandemic and leaders within the party urged the senior leadership in the party to call a meeting of the party secretariat to discuss the government work.[49][50] At the meeting of the party secretariat some leaders called on Oli's resignation but a later meeting decided to allow Oli to after he agreed to work under the party's instructions and let Dahal perform his duties as the party's executive leader.[51][52] A panel formed by the party to solve the internal dispute proposed that a national convention of the party be held in April 2021 to solve issues regarding the party unity and the proposal was endorsed by the standing committee of the party.[53][54] Another cabinet reshuffle was done on 16 October 2020 but Oli was criticized by the party for not consulting the party.[55]
On 14 November 2020, co-chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal presented a political document at a party secretariat meeting that accused K.P. Sharma Oli of not following the party's directions, unilaterally leading the government and turning a blind eye towards corruption.[56] In response, Oli attacked Dahal for not letting him the government, promoting factionalism and nepotism as well as not letting victims of theNepalese Civil War get justice.[57][58]
On 20 December 2020, K.P. Sharma Oli called on President Bidhya Devi Bhandari to dissolve theHouse of Representatives and call for fresh elections.[59] In an address to the nation, Oli said he dissolved the house after the party had not let him work as prime minister and that a no-confidence motion was being prepared against him from within the party.[60] The decision was met with criticism from within the party and seven ministers close to the Dahal–Nepal faction in his cabinet resigned in protest.[61]
K.P. Oli called a meeting of the central committee of the leaders in the party close to him and added 556 members to the existing 446-member committee of the party. The new central committee was to organize a party unity convention in November 2021. The meeting also removedNarayan Kaji Shrestha as party spokesperson and replaced him withPradeep Gyawali.[62][63]
The Dahal–Nepal faction of the party also organized its own central committee meeting with 310 members of the original central committee and replaced K.P. Oli as party co-chairman withMadhav Kumar Nepal.[64] The meeting also decided to protest against the government to restore the House of Representatives.[65][66]
The party was registered with theElection Commission of Nepal on 7 June 2018 under the name Nepal Communist Party (NCP) after the Election Commission of Nepal refused to register the new party under the name "Communist Party of Nepal", asanother party led byRishi Kattel had already been registered under that name.[67][68][69] Kattel challenged the Election Commission decision at theSupreme Court.[70]
As a reference to the NCP's registration, the party became colloquially known as the NCP double.[71] Following the split between the Oli and Dahal-Nepal factions, the Election Commission declined to recognize neither faction as the legitimate holders of the NCP's registration.[72] On 8 March 2021, Nepal's Supreme Court stated that the allocation of the nameNepal Communist Party upon the merger of the CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre), and by extension the merger itself, was voidab initio, as the name was already allotted to the party led by Kattel, and that the NCP stood "dismissed".[12] Upon the ruling, the two predecessor parties were revived in their original state immediately prior to the merger, although should the two wish to merge again with proper procedure being followed, that it would be fully allowed.
As part of the original merger agreement, the party's ideology consisted ofMarxism–Leninism and support for amulti-party system in Nepal, while the party itself remains officiallysecular and governed bydemocratic centralism. The party also favorssocialism-oriented people's democracy in the short-term that would eventually lead into communism.[73]
A nine-member Secretariat (also known as High Command) of the party was created. It included:
A 135-member politburo was formed after the formation of the standing committee and central committee.[75]
The 45-member Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau included 26 members fromCPN (UML) and 19 fromCPN (Maoist Centre).[76]
The central committee had a total of 441 members, including 241 fromCommunist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist), and 200 fromCommunist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre).[8]
| Elections | Pratinidhi Sabha | Rastriya Sabha | Government | Prime Minister/Parliamentary Party Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 174 / 275 | 50 / 59 | Majority government | Khadga Prasad Oli |
| Province | Seats | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Province No. 1 | 66 / 93 | 70.97% |
| Madhesh Province | 32 / 107 | 29.91% |
| Bagmati Province | 80 / 110 | 73.64% |
| Gandaki Province | 39 / 60 | 65% |
| Lumbini Province | 61 / 87 | 70.11% |
| Karnali Province | 32 / 40 | 80% |
| Sudurpashchim Province | 39 / 53 | 73.58% |
Chairmen
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Vice-chairmen
General secretaries
| No. | Prime Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
| 1 | Khadga Prasad Oli |  | 15 February 2018[a] | 13 July 2021[b] | 3 years, 148 days | 1st Federal Parliament | Oli, 2018 | Jhapa 5 |
In 2020, NCP headed the provincial governments inProvince No. 1,Bagmati,Gandaki,Lumbini,Karnali andSudurpahschim provinces.
| Province | Chief Minister | Portrait | Cabinet | Constituency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province No. 1 | Sher Dhan Rai[77] |  | Sher Dhan Rai, 2018 | Bhojpur 1(B) |
| Bagmati | Dormani Poudel[78] | Dormani Poudel, 2018 | Makwanpur 1(B) | |
| Gandaki | Prithvi Subba Gurung[79] | Prithvi Subba Gurung, 2018 | Lamjung 1(B) | |
| Lumbini | Shankar Pokharel[80] | Shankar Pokharel, 2018 | Dang 2(A) | |
| Karnali | Mahendra Bahadur Shahi[81] | Mahendra Bahadur Shahi, 2018 | Kalikot 1(B) | |
| Sudurpaschim | Trilochan Bhatta[82] | Trilochan Bhatta, 2018 | Doti 1(B) |
| Party | Leaders | |
|---|---|---|
| CPN (UML) | KP Sharma Oli | |
| CPN (Maoist Centre) | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | |
| CPN (Unified Socialist) | Madhav Kumar Nepal | |
| People's Progressive Party | Hridayesh Tripathi | |
| CPN (Unity National Campaign) | Bam Dev Gautam | |
President Xi's visit to Nepal in October 2019 came when the ruling communist party in Nepal has consolidated power following the merger of two major left-wing parties to form Nepal Communist Party (NCP) in May 2018.
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