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Neodymium(III) oxide

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Neodymium(III) oxide
Names
IUPAC name
Neodymium(III) oxide
Other names
Neodymium oxide, Neodymium sesquioxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.013.832Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 215-214-1
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2Nd.3O
    Key: HBPPDPSYLUIKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • O=[Nd]O[Nd]=O
Properties
Nd2O3
Molar mass336.48 g/mol
Appearancelight bluish grayhexagonal crystals
Density7.24 g/cm3
Melting point2,233 °C (4,051 °F; 2,506 K)
Boiling point3,760 °C (6,800 °F; 4,030 K)[1]
.0003 g/100 mL (75 °C)
+10,200.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Hexagonal,hP5
P-3m1, No. 164
Thermochemistry
111.3 J·mol−1·K−1[1]
158.6 J·mol−1·K−1
−1807.9kJ·mol−1
Related compounds
Otheranions
Neodymium(II) chloride
Neodymium(III) chloride
Othercations
Uranium(VI) oxide
Praseodymium(III) oxide
Promethium(III) oxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound

Neodymium(III) oxide orneodymium sesquioxide is thechemical compound composed ofneodymium andoxygen with theformula Nd2O3. It forms very light grayish-bluehexagonal crystals.[1] Therare-earth mixturedidymium, previously believed to be anelement, partially consists of neodymium(III) oxide.[2]

Uses

[edit]

Neodymium(III) oxide is used to dopeglass, includingsunglasses, to makesolid-state lasers, and to color glasses andenamels.[3] Neodymium-doped glass turns purple due to the absorbance of yellow and green light, and is used inweldinggoggles.[4] Some neodymium-doped glass isdichroic; that is, it changes color depending on the lighting. One kind of glass named for the mineralalexandrite appears blue in sunlight and red in artificial light.[5]About 7000tonnes of neodymium(III) oxide are produced worldwide each year. Neodymium(III) oxide is also used as apolymerizationcatalyst.[4]

Reactions

[edit]

Neodymium(III) oxide is formed whenneodymium(III) nitride orneodymium(III) hydroxide is roasted in air.[6]

Structure

[edit]

Neodymium(III) oxide has a low-temperature trigonal Aform inspace group P3m1.[7] This structure type is favoured by the early lanthanides.[8][9] At higher temperatures it adopts two other forms, the hexagonal H form in space group P63/mmc and the cubic X form in Im3m. The high-temperature forms exhibitcrystallographic disorder.[10][11]

Crystal structure of the A form of neodymium(III) oxide
PackingNeodymium coordinationOxygen O1 coordinationOxygen O2 coordination
A-M2O3 structure typeapproximatelycapped octahedraloctahedralapproximatelytetrahedral

References

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  1. ^abcLide, David R. (1998),Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 471, 552,ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
  2. ^Brady, George Stuart; Clauser, Henry R.; Vaccari, John A. (2002),Materials Handbook (15 ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, p. 779,ISBN 978-0-07-136076-0, retrieved2009-03-18
  3. ^Eagleson, Mary (1994),Concise Encyclopedia of Chemistry, Springer, p. 680,ISBN 978-3-11-011451-5, retrieved2009-03-18
  4. ^abEmsley, John (2003),Nature's Building Blocks, Oxford University Press, pp. 268–9,ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8, retrieved2009-03-18
  5. ^Bray, Charles (2001),Dictionary of Glass (2 ed.), University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 103,ISBN 978-0-8122-3619-4, retrieved2009-03-18
  6. ^Spencer, James Frederick (1919),The Metals of the Rare Earths, London: Longmans, Green, and Co, p. 115, retrieved2009-03-18
  7. ^D. Taylor (1984). "Thermal Expansion Data: III Sesquioxides, U2N3, with the corundum and the A-, B- and C-M2O3 structures".Trans. J. Br. Ceram. Soc.83:92–98.
  8. ^Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.).Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 1238-1239.doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6.ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  9. ^A. F. Wells (1984).Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 544–547.
  10. ^Müller-Buschbaum, H. (1966). "Zur Struktur der A-Form der Sesquioxide der Seltenen Erden. II. Strukturuntersuchung an Nd2O3".Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.343 (1–2):6–10.doi:10.1002/zaac.19663430103.
  11. ^Aldebert, P.; Traverse, J. P. (1979). "Etude par diffraction neutronique des structures de haute temperature de La2O3 et Nd2O3".Mater. Res. Bull.14 (3):303–323.doi:10.1016/0025-5408(79)90095-3.
Authority control databasesEdit this at Wikidata
Nd(II)
Nd(III)
Nd(IV)
Mixed oxidation states
+1 oxidation state
+2 oxidation state
+3 oxidation state
+4 oxidation state
+5 oxidation state
+6 oxidation state
+7 oxidation state
+8 oxidation state
Related
Oxides are sorted byoxidation state.Category:Oxides
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