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Nellore Nelluru Vikrama Simhapuri | |
|---|---|
City | |
.jpg) Gopuram of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Nellore | |
| Nickname: Shrimp Capital of India | |
 Interactive map of Nellore | |
  Nellore Location in Andhra Pradesh, India Show map of India Nellore Nellore (Andhra Pradesh) Show map of Andhra Pradesh | |
| Coordinates:14°26′35″N79°59′10″E / 14.44306°N 79.98611°E /14.44306; 79.98611 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Nellore |
| Incorporated (Municipality) | 1 November 1866 |
| Incorporated (Corporation) | 2004 |
| Named after | Indian gooseberry |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Nellore Municipal Corporation |
| • MP | Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy |
| Area | |
• City | 149.2 km2 (57.6 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• City | 600,869 |
| • Rank | 4th(in AP) |
| • Density | 4,027/km2 (10,430/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 600,869 |
| Demonym | Nellorean |
| Literacy | |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 524001-524007 |
| Area code | +91–861 |
| Vehicle registration | AP-39 |
| Nominal GDP(2023-24) | ₹16,989 crore (US$2.0 billion)[4] |
| Climate | As |
| Website | nellore |
Nellore, also spelt asNelluru, is a city located on the banks ofPenna River,[5] inNellore district ofAndhra Pradesh, India.[6] It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well asNellore mandal andNellore revenue division.[7] It is thefourth most populous city in the state. It is at a distance of 279 kilometres (173 mi) fromVijayawada, 660 kilometres (410 mi) fromVisakhapatnam, 455 kilometres (283 mi) fromHyderabad and about 170 km (110 mi) north ofChennai, Tamil Nadu and also about 380 km (240 mi) east-northeast ofBangalore, Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters ofNellore District.
There are various theories linked to the origin of the name Nellore. According to a mythological story from theSthala Purana, the name is connected to a sacred lingam in the form of a stone found beneath aPhyllanthus emblica tree, also known as the nelli tree (nelli, meaning 'emblica tree' in Proto-Dravidian and Telugu). The presence of the nelli tree in this story is believed to be one of the etymological roots of the region's name.
Another theory is that the name "Nellore" is derived from the Tamil word "nellu", which means "paddy" or "rice." The region is renowned for its vast rice cultivation, and the name reflects its agricultural heritage and the importance of rice production in the area. Over time, the name "Nelluru" evolved into the modern form "Nellore," used in both Telugu and Tamil-speaking regions.[8]
Historically, the area was known as Vikrama Simhapuri in medieval era. The abundance of paddy fields eventually led to the name being changed to Nellore. The region has long been associated with agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, which continues to play a significant role in its economy today.[9][10]
Nellore had been under the rule ofMauryas,Satavahanas,Cholas,Pallavas,Pandyas,Kharavela ofChedi dynasty,Kakatiyas,Eastern Gangas ofKalinga Empire,Vijayanagara Empire,Arcot Nawabs and other dynasties.[citation needed]
Nellore was ruled byAshoka of the Mauryan dynasty in the 3rd century BCE. Nellore was conquered by the rulers of thePallava dynasty and it was under their rule till the 6th century CE, subsequently theChola rulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. TheCholas met their decline in the 13th century CE.Tamil inscriptions indicate that it formed part ofChola kingdom till their decline in the thirteenth century CE.[11] It later became a part ofKakatiyas,Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate ofGolconda,Mughal Empire andArcot Nawab. In 1758 Marathas under the command of Balwant Rao Captured Nellore from Nazibulla.[12] In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from theArcot Nawabs and was part of theMadras Presidency ofBritish India.
The first account was produced by John Boswell in 1873 as collector. This report by the British Includes Climate, agriculture, health statistics as well important taxation information. Social structure including important families of Nellore from the 1800s. These included Venketagiri Raja, kalhastri Rajah, The Chundi Zamindhar, The Mutiyalpad Zamindhar, Sayidapur Zamindhar, Jupalli Zamindhars of Udayagiri, Udayagiri Jaghirediar, the Vazella Zamidhars of Gudur, Zamindhars of Ongole, Turrawar Poligar, Tadeboyina Polighar, The Chettiars Polighar, The Udathawar Polighar, The Gangulawar Poighar and Buchireddypalem Family. These families under the British Raj were responsible for the villages and lands in their possession. The British recognized the importance of Nellore in cultivation as well as important port of Krishnapatam.[13] The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh.Potti Sriramulu, who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.[14] On 4 June 2008, the Government of Andhra Pradesh officially renamed Nellore district asSri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district in honor of Potti Sriramulu’s sacrifice for the formation[15]
Nellore is located at14°26′N79°59′E / 14.44°N 79.98°E /14.44; 79.98.[16][17] It has an average elevation of 18 metres (59 ft).[17]
The climate of Nellore city can be placed under thetropical savanna climate (As, closely borderingAw) category according toKöppen climate classification which has hot and humid summers and warm winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June. December, January and February are the coolest months. As theBay of Bengal is at a distance of 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the city, thesea breeze renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore only receives small amounts of rain from thesouth-west monsoon. Most rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to thenorth-east monsoon. This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall.Cyclones are common in the city during this period, causing floods.[18]
The maximum temperature is 36 to 46 °C (97 to 115 °F) during summer[19] and the minimum temperature is 23 to 25 °C (73 to 77 °F) during winter. The rainfall ranges from 700 to 1,000 mm (28 to 39 in) through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons.[20]
| Climate data for Nellore (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.6 (96.1) | 39.4 (102.9) | 43.9 (111.0) | 45.6 (114.1) | 46.7 (116.1) | 46.7 (116.1) | 42.2 (108.0) | 40.6 (105.1) | 41.7 (107.1) | 40.7 (105.3) | 36.9 (98.4) | 35.4 (95.7) | 46.7 (116.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.2 (86.4) | 32.4 (90.3) | 35.3 (95.5) | 37.8 (100.0) | 40.1 (104.2) | 38.2 (100.8) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.1 (95.2) | 35.0 (95.0) | 33.3 (91.9) | 30.5 (86.9) | 29.5 (85.1) | 34.5 (94.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.5 (77.9) | 27.2 (81.0) | 29.5 (85.1) | 32.0 (89.6) | 33.8 (92.8) | 32.7 (90.9) | 31.3 (88.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 30.4 (86.7) | 29.1 (84.4) | 27.0 (80.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 29.5 (85.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.1 (70.0) | 22.2 (72.0) | 24.1 (75.4) | 26.5 (79.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.6 (83.5) | 27.5 (81.5) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.6 (79.9) | 25.5 (77.9) | 23.6 (74.5) | 21.8 (71.2) | 25.3 (77.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 20.2 (68.4) | 20.2 (68.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 22.2 (72.0) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.5 (70.7) | 18.9 (66.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 14.4 (57.9) | 14.4 (57.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 19.7 (0.78) | 2.3 (0.09) | 3.5 (0.14) | 8.7 (0.34) | 36.1 (1.42) | 40.5 (1.59) | 84.0 (3.31) | 107.6 (4.24) | 97.1 (3.82) | 268.6 (10.57) | 287.9 (11.33) | 111.4 (4.39) | 1,067.4 (42.02) |
| Average rainy days | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 3.7 | 45.8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 65 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 54 | 52 | 54 | 57 | 62 | 70 | 75 | 70 | 62 |
| Source 1:India Meteorological Department[21][22][23] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[24] | |||||||||||||
Nellore has been ranked 18th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[25]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 78.72% | |||
| Islam | 19.03% | |||
| Christianity | 1.59% | |||
| Others | 0.66% | |||
| Others includeSikhs, Buddhist, Jains &Parsis | ||||
As of the 2011[update][needs update][a]census, Nellore city had a population of 505,258. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, higher than the state average of 73.00%.[29][30] The expanded city population, post-merger of 15gram panchayats into Nellore Municipal Corporation stands at 631,791[31]
| Year | Population | Growth rate |
|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 106776 | --- |
| 1971 | 133590 | 25.1% |
| 1981 | 237065 | 77.5% |
| 1991 | 316606 | 33.6% |
| 2001 | 404775 | 27.8% |
| 2011 | 558,548 | 35.29% |
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided, and private schools of theSchool Education Department of the state.[32][33] The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English andTelugu.[34]
Vikrama Simhapuri University is located in Nellore City which offers multiple graduation and post graduation courses to students.
Apart from it, The south headquarters of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM) is also in Nellore.
Nellore Municipal Corporation was constituted as a municipality on 1 November 1866 by the Madras District Municipality Act.[35][36] It was upgraded to corporation on 18 October 2004 and has a jurisdictional area of 150.48 km2 (58.10 sq mi) with 54 wards.[37] In 2013, fifteen gram panchayats namely, Allipuram, Ambhapuram, Buja Buja Nellore, Chinthareddypalem, Gudupallipadu, Gundlapalem, Kallurupalli, Kanaparthypadu, Kodurupadu, Narayanareddypeta, Navalakulathota, Nellore Bit-I (Kothuru), Peddacherukuru, Pottipalem, Vavilatepadhu were merged into the municipal corporation.[38] Presentmayor of the city is Sravanthi.[39]
The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known asAtal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT).[40]
Nellore is represented byNellore City assembly constituency andNellore Rural assembly constituency forAndhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.Ponguru Narayana is the presentMLA of Nellore City assembly constituency representingTelugu Desam Party.[41]Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy is the presentMLA of Nellore Rural assembly constituency representingTelugu Desam Party.[42][43]
The residents of the city are generally referred asNelloreans.[44] TheRottela Panduga (Roti festival) is an annualurs event celebrated at theBara Shaheed Dargah (shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu.[45] The event got its name after the practice of exchanging flat breads and attracts visitors from all religious backgrounds every year and from all over the country and also from foreign countries.[46]
Chepala Pulusu (fish curry) is anon-vegetarian recipe of the Nellore district, prepared fromKorramennu.[47] Malai Kaja Nellore Famous Sweet is a localsweet made frommaida,milk andsugar.[48]
Zaminryot newspaper, established in 1930,[49] and theLawyer Weekly newspaper[50] are based out of Nellore. In addition, EenaduVaartha AndhraJyothy[51] andSakshi[52] newspapers are also printing local editions in Nellore.
Local transport in the city include, two, three and four wheelers.[53] Of these, privately operatedauto rickshaws numbered around 6,000 in 2017, dominating most parts of the city for local commuting.[54]Nellore bus station of the city operates district and long-distance services.[55]Nellore railway station is classified as anA grade andAdarsh station in theVijayawada railway division ofSouth Central Railway zone.[56] The city also has three small railway stations namely,Nellore South,[57]Vedayapalem.[58] andPadugupadu railway station TheSouthern Railway operatesMEMUs regularly for commuting between Nellore andChennai Central.[59] There is also a proposal to build ano frills airport for the city.[60]
The city has a total road length of 1,189.95 km (739.40 mi).[61] The proposed Outer Ring Road, existing arterial and internal roads helps reduce traffic congestion.[54] The city is connected with majorNational highways such as,National Highway 16, a part ofAsian Highway 45 andGolden Quadrilateral, bypasses the city.[62]
Capital:Amaravati | |
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