Negros Island Region | |
|---|---|
     | |
 Location within the Philippines | |
 Interactive map of Negros Island Region | |
| Country |  Philippines |
| Island group | Visayas |
| Establishment | May 29, 2015 (first) June 11, 2024 (second) |
| Regional centers | Bacolod andDumaguete (interim/de facto) |
| Largest city | Bacolod |
| Area | |
• Total | 13,525.56 km2 (5,222.25 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 2,465 m (8,087 ft) |
| Population (2024 census)[1] | |
• Total | 4,904,944 |
| • Density | 362.6426/km2 (939.2400/sq mi) |
| GDP(Nominal, 2024) | |
| • Total | US$14.1 billion[2] |
| • Per capita | US$2,924[2] |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| Provinces | |
| Independent cities | |
| Component cities | |
| Municipalities | 44 |
| Barangays | 1,353 |
| Languages | |
TheNegros Island Region (Tagalog:Rehiyon ng Pulo ng Negros;Cebuano:Rehiyon sa Pulo sa Negros;Hiligaynon:Rehiyon sang Pulo sang Negros;Spanish:Región de Negros;NIR)[3] is anadministrative region in thePhilippines. It includes the islands ofNegros and Siquijor, and comprises the provinces ofNegros Occidental,Negros Oriental, andSiquijor, along with thehighly urbanized city ofBacolod, the region's most populous city. The regional centers are Bacolod andDumaguete.
The region was originally established on May 29, 2015, comprising the provinces of Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, and the city of Bacolod, all located on the island of Negros. However, the NIR was abolished on August 9, 2017. Nearly seven years later, the region was re-established on June 11, 2024, this time including Siquijor, an island province southeast of Negros that was previously part ofCentral Visayas.[3][4]
Negros has history as asingle province and as abriefly independent republic.[5] The movement for a single-island region started in the 1980s, when officials from both provinces proposed a one-island, one-region unit. At the time, Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental were the only provinces in the Philippines situated on the same island but belonging to two different administrative regions. Their regional offices were located inPanay andCebu respectively. This led to the filing ofHouse of Representatives Bill No. 1477 titled "An Act Merging the Province of Negros Occidental and Oriental into One-Island Region". This argued that the two provinces "nestle in one common island; have common fowls and beasts in the forest; share the same soil in our plains and mountains; benefit and suffer together from the rivers that snake through our land; and our ancestors roamed the same length and breadth without complications of political, social, economic, religious and lingual obstacles."
The proposal was continued through talks between Governor Daniel Lacson Jr. of Negros Occidental and GovernorEmilio Macias of Negros Oriental in 1990. Their successors, Rafael Coscolluella and George Arnaiz, respectively, took the initiative further, first identifyingKabankalan in Negros Occidental and the neighboring municipality ofMabinay in Negros Oriental, with the two situated on or near the geographic center of the island, as joint regional centers. However, theNational Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) turned down the proposal due to a lack of funding.[6] At the same time, opposition was voiced by some officials from Negros Oriental who feared that the province would be dominated economically by its larger neighbor andBacolod.[7]
In 2013, the one-island region talks were continued by Negros Oriental RepresentativesPryde Henry Teves and George Arnaiz, and Negros Occidental GovernorAlfredo Marañon Jr. with RepresentativeAlfredo Marañon III and Coscolluela.[8] They pointed out that, while the creation of a new region would entail substantial costs to the government, it would be advantageous to the people of both provinces because they would not need to travel by sea any more to process transactions in the regional offices.[9] They also claimed that a one-island region would also result in better coordination between both provinces in tourism, peace and order, environment, development planning, disaster management, and road infrastructure. Edward Du, president of the Negros Oriental Chamber of Commerce and Industry, also proposed to convert existing offices of national agencies in the provincial capitals ofBacolod andDumaguete to sub-regional offices during an interim period if the proposal was approved to defray the costs of establishing a new regional center. Various public officials and representatives from academic, religious, media, and other private sectors aired support for the proposal.[10][11]
Notably, Negros Oriental GovernorRoel Degamo was tagged as being initially opposed to the talks, claiming he was not convinced with a one-island region setup and that his constituents were allegedly not in favor of its creation.[12] He eventually clarified that his original stand as regards the region was being "open" to it and that there were some concerns, such as revenue sharing between the two provinces, that had to be thrashed out first.[13]
PresidentBenigno Aquino III directed theDepartment of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) to study the establishment of a new region.[14] The DILG subsequently endorsed the proposal, noting that the new region would mean integrated planning for holistic development, disaster management, tourism promotion, and peace and order management.[15] NEDA affirmed by saying that its studies show that the proposed region is economically viable.[16]
On May 29, 2015, President Aquino signedExecutive Order 183,[17] merging the two Negros provinces into one region — the Negros Island Region. It separated Negros Occidental and its capital Bacolod fromWestern Visayas (Region VI) and Negros Oriental fromCentral Visayas (Region VII), raising the total number of regions of the Philippines to 18.[18][19]
On August 9, 2017, PresidentRodrigo Duterte signed Executive Order No. 38, revoking the Executive Order No. 183 after formerDepartment of Budget and Management SecretaryBenjamin Diokno cited the cost of retaining the region to be at₱19 billion.[20] Negros officials expressed disappointment and sadness over the dissolution of the NIR.[21]
In 2020, some officials from Negros and their allies proposed for the region's reestablishment.[20] A bill was also filed in July 2022,[22][23] and in 2023, the proposal was again revived.[24] On March 12, 2024,JV Ejercito's Senate Bill No. 2507 or the Negros Island Region Bill was passed on the third and final reading at the Senate.[25] Some officials reiterated their intent for consultation first before reestablishment.[26] The measure was also opposed by theRoman Catholic Diocese of Dumaguete, with BishopJulito Cortes and eight other senior clergy calling it an "insult" to the people of Negros Oriental and adding that residents of the province as well as Siquijor were not consulted on the matter.[27][28]
On June 11, 2024, the bill was signed by PresidentBongbong Marcos as Republic Act No. 12000.[3][4] The re-established region, this time, included the nearby island province ofSiquijor, upon the request of the provincial authorities; Siquijor, previously part of Region VII along with Negros Oriental,[29] was part of Negros Oriental until it became an independent province in 1971.[30] Sixteen regional government offices will be established in Dumaguete, while fourteen will be established in Bacolod.[31] Wilfredo Capundag Jr., the mayor ofSan Juan, Siquijor, called for the region to be renamed into the Negros Island-Siquijor Administrative Region (NISAR) to acknowledge his province's inclusion.[32]
In August 2024, a civil society group from Negros Oriental and Siquijor led by Reverend Father Hendrix Alar challenged the legality of Republic Act 12000, allegedly based on its lack of public consultations. It filed with the High Tribunal the petitions for declaratory relief, prohibition, and a temporary restraining order against the creation of the Negros Island Region.[33]
Negros Island Region consists of two islands: Negros (shared by Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental) and Siquijor. Together, the islands have a total area of 13,525.56 sq. km (5,222.25 sq. mi). Seas and straits surround both of the islands: theGuimaras Strait in the west, theVisayan Sea to the north,Tañon Strait to the east,Bohol Sea in the southeast, andSulu Sea in the south. The region is defined by extensive flat plains and mountainous ranges that are present in both islands.
Negros is the second largest island inVisayas, afterSamar, with an area of 13,309.60 square kilometers (5,138.87 sq ft). The island is primarily volcanic, making it suitable for agriculture. Extensivesugarcane plantations dominate the flat plains, cementing the island's reputation as a sugarcane powerhouse in the country. Mountains on the central section of the island bisect the island politically and linguistically: theHiligaynon-speaking western half and theCebuano-speaking eastern half.Kanlaon, one of the most active volcanones in the Philippines, is the highest point of Negros Island, with its peak situated at 2,465 meters (8,087 ft) above sea level. It is also the highest peak among all the islands in the island group ofVisayas. Other prominent peaks includeMandalagan (1,885 m) andMount Talinis (1,903 m). Lakes are present in the interior part of the island, such as the twin lakes ofBalinsasayao andDanao. Beaches and several islets dominate the coastal areas of the island, such asApo Island. Extensive forests dominate in the mountainous region ofNorthern Negros Natural Park, aprotected area of the country situated in the northern portion of the island.
Siquijor is an island located southeast of Negros Oriental. Area-wise, it is the third smallest in the country, with an area of 343.5 square kilometers (132.6 sq mi). Mount Malabahoc, also known as Mount Bandila‑an, is the highest point of the island, with its elevation reaching 628 meters (2,060 ft) above sea level. Marine terraces can be found inSan Juan, as well as fossils of the giant clam tridacna in the island's plowed inland fields.
The region has three provinces and 19 cities. Negros Occidental has the most chartered cities amongst all the provinces in the Philippines, with 13, including its provincial capital, Bacolod, though it is governed independently from its corresponding province as a highly urbanized city.
Bacolod, the center of theBacolod Metropolitan Area (which also contains the cities ofTalisay andSilay), is the region's most populous city and the country's 19th; while Dumaguete is the region's most densely populated city.
Bacolod and Dumaguete both serve as the regional centers of the region.[31]
| ProvinceorHUC | Capital | Population(2020)[1] | Area[34] | Density | Cities | Muni. | Bgy. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km2 | sq mi | /km2 | /sq mi | |||||||||
 Negros Occidental | Bacolod | 63.1% | 2,623,172 | 7,802.54 | 3,012.58 | 340 | 880 | 12 | 19 | 601 | ||
 Negros Oriental | Dumaguete | 34.5% | 1,432,990 | 5,385.53 | 2,079.36 | 270 | 700 | 6 | 19 | 557 | ||
 Siquijor | Siquijor | 2.5% | 103,395 | 337.49 | 130.31 | 310 | 800 | 0 | 6 | 134 | ||
 Bacolod | † | — | 14.4% | 600,783 | 162.67 | 62.81 | 3,700 | 9,600 | — | — | 61 | |
| Total | 4,760,340 | 14,140.74 | 5,459.77 | 340 | 880 | 19 | 44 | 1,353 | ||||
† Bacolod is ahighly urbanized city; figures are excluded from Negros Occidental. | ||||||||||||
| Province | Image | Governor | Political Party | Vice Governor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Eugenio Jose Lacson | NPC | Jose Benito Alonso | |
 |  | Manuel L. Sagarbarria | PFP | Cezanne Fritz Diaz | |
 |  | Jake Vincent Villa | PFP | Dindo Tumala | |
| City | Population(2020)[1] | Area[35] | Density | City class | Income class | Province | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km2 | sq mi | /km2 | /sq mi | |||||
| †Bacolod | 600,783 | 162.67 | 62.81 | 3,700 | 9,600 | Highly urbanized | 1st | Negros Occidental |
| Bago | 191,210 | 401.20 | 154.90 | 480 | 1,200 | Component | 2nd | Negros Occidental |
| Bais | 84,317 | 319.64 | 123.41 | 260 | 670 | Component | 3rd | Negros Oriental |
| Bayawan | 122,747 | 699.08 | 269.92 | 180 | 470 | Component | 1st | Negros Oriental |
| Cadiz | 158,544 | 524.57 | 202.54 | 300 | 780 | Component | 2nd | Negros Occidental |
| Canlaon | 58,822 | 170.93 | 66.00 | 340 | 880 | Component | 4th | Negros Oriental |
| †Dumaguete | 134,103 | 33.62 | 12.98 | 4,000 | 10,000 | Component | 2nd | Negros Oriental |
| Escalante | 96,159 | 192.76 | 74.43 | 500 | 1,300 | Component | 4th | Negros Occidental |
| Guihulngan | 102,656 | 388.56 | 150.02 | 260 | 670 | Component | 5th | Negros Oriental |
| Himamaylan | 116,240 | 367.04 | 141.71 | 320 | 830 | Component | 3rd | Negros Occidental |
| Kabankalan | 200,198 | 697.35 | 269.25 | 290 | 750 | Component | 1st | Negros Occidental |
| La Carlota | 66,664 | 137.29 | 53.01 | 490 | 1,300 | Component | 4th | Negros Occidental |
| Sagay | 148,894 | 330.34 | 127.54 | 450 | 1,200 | Component | 3rd | Negros Occidental |
| San Carlos | 132,650 | 451.50 | 174.33 | 290 | 750 | Component | 2nd | Negros Occidental |
| Silay | 130,478 | 214.80 | 82.93 | 610 | 1,600 | Component | 3rd | Negros Occidental |
| Sipalay | 72,448 | 379.78 | 146.63 | 190 | 490 | Component | 4th | Negros Occidental |
| Talisay | 108,909 | 201.18 | 77.68 | 540 | 1,400 | Component | 4th | Negros Occidental |
| Tanjay | 82,642 | 276.05 | 106.58 | 300 | 780 | Component | 4th | Negros Oriental |
| Victorias | 90,101 | 133.92 | 51.71 | 670 | 1,700 | Component | 4th | Negros Occidental |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | 525,749 | — |
| 1918 | 688,584 | +1.82% |
| 1939 | 1,277,012 | +2.98% |
| 1948 | 1,583,651 | +2.42% |
| 1960 | 2,049,399 | +2.17% |
| 1970 | 2,219,022 | +0.80% |
| 1975 | 2,595,186 | +3.19% |
| 1980 | 2,820,060 | +1.68% |
| 1990 | 3,256,112 | +1.45% |
| 1995 | 3,533,189 | +1.54% |
| 2000 | 3,777,409 | +1.44% |
| 2010 | 4,285,591 | +1.27% |
| 2015 | 4,509,515 | +0.97% |
| 2020 | 4,760,340 | +1.15% |
| 2024 | 4,904,944 | +0.72% |
| Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[1] | ||
The native languages of Negros Island Region are:
Bacolod–Silay Airport andSibulan Airport are the only airports in the regions which provides domestic air services to other parts of the Philippines.Sipalay Airport andSiquijor Airport are community feeder airports with limited regional flights serving the general area ofSipalay and the island province of Siquijor, respectively.
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