Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Necronym

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Posthumous use of a personal name or other reference
This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Necronym" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR
(May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Not to be confused withDeadname.

Anecronym (from theGreek words νεκρός,nekros, "dead," and ὄνομα,ónoma, "name") is thename of or a reference to a person who hasdied. Manycultures havetaboos andtraditions associated with referring to the deceased, ranging from at one extreme never again speaking the person's real name, bypassing it often by way ofcircumlocution,[1] to, at the other end, mass commemoration via naming other things or people after the deceased.[2]

For instance, in some cultures it is common for a newborn child to receive the name (a necronym) of arelative who has recently died,[2] while in others to reuse such a name would be considered extremely inappropriate or even forbidden.[3] While this varies from culture to culture, the use of necronyms is quite common.

Use

[edit]

InAshkenazi Jewish culture, it is a custom to name a child after a beloved relative who died as a way of honoring the deceased. Often the child will share the sameHebrew name as the namesake but not the given name in the vernacular language (e.g. English).[4] For most practicing Jews it is taboo to name a child after a person who is still living.

InJapan,Buddhist families usually obtain a necronym, called akaimyō, for a deceased relative from a Buddhist priest in exchange for a donation to the temple. Traditionally, the deceased were thereafter referred to by the necronym, as a sign of pious respect. This name was often the only one inscribed ongravestones in the past, though now it is more common to have the necronym in addition to the given name.[5]

InAssyria andBabylonia, children were often given "substitute-names," necronyms of deceased family members, to keep the dead's names and identities alive. Evidence suggests that the desire for children may have been motivated by the desire to pass on these necronyms.[2]

During theCold War, necronyms were commonly used as a means of protecting anintelligence officer's true identity. For example, theSovietKGB agentKonon Molody was only known as Gordon Lonsdale (the true Lonsdale was aCanadian born two years after Molody who died in 1943 when he was 19) in the United States.[6] Molody adopted the name when he was 32, 11 years after the real Lonsdale's death.[7]

Historiography

[edit]

The practice of bestowing necronyms has sometimes caused confusion forhistorians. This is primarily because of the two birth certificates or records that could be present at a given time. This confusion often stems from the inability to differentiate between the records of each child. One such example is the case ofShigechiyo Izumi (1865?–1986), accepted in 1986 as the world's oldest man byThe Guinness Book of World Records; it is suggested that he was possibly born in 1880 and the birth certificate of a brother whose name he assumed upon his death was submitted in place of Izumi's own.[8]

Examples

[edit]
  • ComposerLudwig van Beethoven, born in 1770, had a brother named Ludwig Maria who was born in 1769 and lived for only six days.[9]
  • Vincent van Gogh had a brother of the same name who was born, and died, on March 30, 1852, exactly one year before the painter's birth.[9]
  • ArtistSalvador Dalí was born nine months and ten days after his brother, also named Salvador, died from gastroenteritis at the age of one year and nine months.[10]
  • NASCAR driverJohn Hunter Nemechek was named after his uncleJohn Nemechek, who died in a crash atHomestead-Miami Speedway about three months before John Hunter was born.[11]
  • MusicianRichard David James, known better as Aphex Twin, claims he had a stillborn older brother named Richard, from whom he inherited his name. The Aphex Twin moniker is also a tribute to his legacy, though this fact in general might be fabricated.[12]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Rév, István (October 1998)."The Necronym".Representations.64:76–108.doi:10.2307/2902933.ISSN 0734-6018.
  2. ^abcBayliss, Miranda (1973)."The Cult of Dead Kin in Assyria and Babylonia".Iraq.35 (2):115–125.doi:10.2307/4199959.ISSN 0021-0889.JSTOR 4199959.S2CID 191381280.
  3. ^Allan, Keith; Burridge, Kate (2006-10-05).Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-1-139-45760-6.
  4. ^SAMUEL, EDGAR R. (1969)."New light on the Selection of Jewish Children's Names".Transactions & Miscellanies (Jewish Historical Society of England).23:64–86.ISSN 0962-9688.JSTOR 29778787.
  5. ^Swarts, Erica (2001).Kaimyo (Japanese Buddhist Posthumous Names) as Indicators of Social Status. The Ohio State University.
  6. ^Tietjen, Arthur (1961).Soviet Spy Ring. Pan Books.
  7. ^"At last, the truth emerges about Gordon Lonsdale's shadowy life".The Independent. 1998-08-15.Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved2020-10-09.
  8. ^"CalmentMen1.html, No. 1 of 3; as of September 11, 2012".grg.org. Retrieved2020-10-11.
  9. ^abTestoni, Ines; Dorsa, Maurizio; Iacona, Erika; Scalici, Giorgio (2020-08-17)."Necronym: the effects of bearing a dead little sibling's name".Mortality.26 (3):343–360.doi:10.1080/13576275.2020.1807923.hdl:11577/3358778.ISSN 1357-6275.S2CID 225410022.
  10. ^"The Believer - What's in a Necronym?".The Believer. 2015-08-01. Retrieved2016-01-03.
  11. ^"John Hunter Nemechek, 15, carries family tradition".Official Site Of NASCAR. 2013-02-28. Retrieved2020-10-09.
  12. ^Warren, Emma (19 March 2006)."Aphex twin, Chosen Lords".The Observer.ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved2019-04-18.

Further reading

[edit]
In medicine
Cell death
Lists
Mortality
After death
Body
Stages
Preservation
Disposal
Other aspects
Paranormal
Legal
Fields
Other
Personal name
By sequence
By trait
By life situation
Pseudonyms (list)
By culture
Surnames
by country
East Asian
Northern Asia
and Central Asia
Muslim world
and Western Asia
Oceania
Sub-Saharan Africa
Europe,
North America
andAustralasia
Baltic
Celtic
Germanic
Romance
Slavic
Indosphere (South Asia
andSoutheast Asia)
By religion
Manners of address
List of
authority /honour
Styles
Titles
Related traditions
Related
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Necronym&oldid=1245235580"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp