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Near-open vowel

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Class of vowel sounds
IPA:Vowels
FrontCentralBack
Close
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open

Legend:unrounded  rounded

This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Anear-open vowel or anear-low vowel is any in a class ofvowel sound used in some spokenlanguages. The defining characteristic of a near-open vowel is that the tongue is positioned similarly to anopen vowel, but slightly more constricted.[1]

Other names for a near-open vowel arelowered open-mid vowel andraised open vowel,[2] though the former phrase may also be used to describe a vowel that is as low asopen; likewise, the latter phrase may also be used to describe a vowel that is as high asopen-mid.

Partial list

[edit]

The near-open vowels with dedicated symbols in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet are:

Other near-open vowels can be indicated with diacritics ofrelative articulation applied to letters for neighboring vowels, such as ⟨ɒ̽⟩ and ⟨ɑ̽⟩ for near-open near-back rounded and unrounded vowels.

References

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  1. ^Anderson, Catherine; Bjorkman, Bronwyn; Denis, Derek; Doner, Julianne; Grant, Margaret; Sanders, Nathan; Taniguchi, Ai (2022-02-28)."3.5 Describing vowels".{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)
  2. ^Pöchtrager, Markus A. (2021-05-07)."Towards a non-arbitrary account of affricates and affrication".Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics.6 (1).doi:10.5334/gjgl.1116.ISSN 2397-1835.S2CID 236547770.
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flex(Alve­olo-)​palatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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