 | |
| Abbreviation | NAS |
|---|---|
| Predecessor | Council for Nautical Archaeology (CNA) |
| Formation | 1972 (1972) |
| Type | NGO |
| Legal status | Company limited by guarantee |
| Purpose | Nautical Archaeological research, publishing, education & training |
| Headquarters | United Kingdom |
| Location |
|
Region served | United Kingdom |
President | Phil Harding |
Vice president | David Blackman |
| Website | nauticalarchaeologysociety |
Formerly called | Nautical Archaeology Trust (NAT) |
TheNautical Archaeology Society[1] (NAS) is a charity registered in England and Wales[2] and in Scotland[3] and is acompany limited by guarantee.[4]
The charitable aims and object of the company are to further research inNautical Archaeology andpublish the results of such research and to advance education and training in the techniques pertaining to the study of Nautical Archaeology for the benefit of the public.[2]
Nautical archaeology is anarchaeological sub-discipline more generally known asmaritime archaeology. It encompasses thearchaeology of shipwrecks,underwater archaeology in seas and elsewhere and the archaeology of related features.
The society's logo is derived from the image of a merchant sailing ship on a Bichrome Ware Cypro-Archaic pottery jug 750-600BC, thought to be from the Karpas Peninsula in North Cyprus. The ancient vessel is part of the British Museum's collection (GR 1926.6-28.9).[5] An analysis of how the iconography on this pot has been misinterpreted in recent history and how the image has been adapted for the society's logo, can be read in the editorial of the society's publication theInternational Journal of Nautical Archaeology (2000) 29.1: 1–2.[6]
The predecessor of the Nautical Archaeology Society was theCouncil for Nautical Archaeology (CNA). This was formed in 1964initially under the name the Committee for Nautical Archaeology:"so as to ensure that the many discoveries being made by divers should not go by default through lack of contact with the appropriate learned bodies and to act as a channel of communication with the many interests that were growing up in this new field of research and exploration."[7]
The inaugural meeting of the CNA was held inJoan du Plat Taylor's office at the Institute of Nautical Archaeology, at the University of London. The Council includedindividuals from theCouncil for British Archaeology, the [Science Museum], the [Museum of London], theNational Maritime Museum, [Bristol University], and the Institute of Archaeology at London University. TheSociety for Nautical Research, the Society for Post Medieval Archaeology. and theBritish Sub-Aqua Club were also represented on the council.[7]
It was the CNA that was responsible for establishing theInternational Journal of Nautical Archaeology and the Nautical Archaeology Trust in 1972, but it was also concerned with the promotion of legislation for the protection of nautical archaeological sites[7] playing a key part in what became theProtection of Wrecks Act 1973.
In 1984 the CNA was incorporated into the Council for British Archaeology as one of its research sub-committees[8][9]
The predecessor of the Nautical Archaeology Society was a truust originally incorporated and registered as a charity under the name (The)Nautical Archaeological Trust Limited.[2][4]
The Trust was established by the Council for Nautical Archaeology as its limited liability charitable arm. As a corporate body the Trust gained the legal ability to enter into contracts and to hold assets. The Trust's objects were
The Trust organised lectures, conferences and seminars, produced a newsletter and had a mechanism for associate membership for groups, associate individual members and subscribers. Associate membership provided a discounted purchase price for theInternational Journal of Nautical Archaeology.
In 1974, the then chairman of the CNA and of NAT, ProfessorW. F. Grimes, proposed that what was needed was a membership society[11] but this took some years to establish. The CNA and the Trust eventually agreed the form of constitution of such a Society and the inaugural meeting took place in 1981. The intention of the Society was to act as a forum for the interchange of ideas and all of the associates and subscribers of the Trust were transferred to full membership the Society. The specific intention was to further cooperation between amateurs and professionals and its impact spread beyond the UK with a third of the new membership in its first year being from outside the UK.[12]Joan du Plat Taylor was the first president.
For a few years from 1981, the activities of the charity (the Trust) were separated from the interchange between the members (the Society) although both had identical aims, but the situation was resolved by a special meeting of the Trust held on 3 July 1986 at the Science Museum.[13] At this meeting, the members of the Trust voted to change the name of the Trust to the Nautical Archaeology Society and to change the constitution (the articles of association) to reflect the change to a membership organisation.[4] The reconstituted organisation continued to have responsibility for producing the IJNA and a clause safeguarding the academic standards of the journal was added to the articles. The renamed Trust thus subsumed the role of providing a forum for the interchange of ideas and the memberships of those who had participated in the Society (many of whom were in any case the original associates and subscribers of the Trust) transferred to membership of the incorporated body.
With the dual advantages of a participatory membership and its status as a registered charity, in 1986 the newly reconstituted Nautical Archaeology Society ran the first events in what later became its four-part internationally accredited training syllabus.
The society educates and trains professional and avocationalarchaeologists andcommercial andrecreational divers.[14] The aim of the NAS training syllabus is to develop awareness, respect for and understanding of the maritime cultural heritage and to develop capability in the maritime archaeological sector by training in relevant archaeological and underwater skills as well as to develop knowledge and understanding of the technology of the past.[15]
In the past, NAS Training has been supported byCadw andHistoric Scotland to provide training opportunities in Wales and Scotland respectively. The development of the NAS training curriculum was supported byEnglish Heritage and its predecessors from 1991 to 2004.
In 2015, the NAS Education Programme underwent a major revision to adapt to the increasing use of online learning and to make the qualification system more flexible. As of 2017, the NAS qualification system in the UK consists of the following:[16]
NAS Foundation in Maritime Archaeology
10 or 15 credits
This qualification is achieved by completing:
NAS Certificate in Maritime Archaeology
100 credits in total
This qualification is achieved by completing:
NAS Award in Maritime Archaeology
300 credits in total
This qualification is achieved by completing:
NAS members progress through these qualifications by earning credits which are accrued by participating in courses, events and fieldwork. Attending NAS-run activities accrues 5 credits per day while attending non-NAS or self-directed activities earns 2.5 credits per day.
The NAS four-part qualification system[17] is still used by the numerous International Training Partners that use a locally adapted version of the NAS syllabus to share knowledge and practical skills to local divers and non-divers. The list and contact details of current International Training Partners can be foundhere.
The annual two-day NAS conference provides a forum for a wide range of presentations on nautical archaeology.[18] At the event the annual Adopt-a-Wreck award is presented.[19] Administration of the Muckelroy award was transferred to the NAS in 2009 and is presented every two years to the best publication.
The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology (IJNA)[20] is published bi-annually (PrintISSN 1057-2414, onlineISSN 1095-9270) for NAS by Wiley Publishing Ltd.[21] It is a peer-reviewed academic journal but articles by amateur researchers that meet the journal's standards have been published.
IJNA aims to cover all aspects of nautical archaeological research including the seas, ships, cargos,harbours and sailors of the past.
IJNA was first published in 1972 under the founding editorJoan du Plat Taylor. Since 1980,IJNA has been edited by Ian Morrison, James Kirkman, Valerie Fenwick and Paula Martin. The current editor, Miranda Richardson, took over in 2012. Angela Croome held the position of reviews editor from the journal's foundation until 2016 when Paula Martin took over.
The first in the NAS monograph series is the report of the Sound of Mull Archaeological Project (SOMAP), which ran from 1994 to 2005.[22]
The NAS monograph series was edited by Gerald Grainge until 2016, who was replaced by Julian Whitewright.
TheNAS Handbook provides an introduction to underwater archaeology. The material in the handbook is consistent with the teaching of the NAS Training programme.[23]
The Joan du Plat Taylor Award is a grant awarded annually by the Nautical Archaeology Society to support publication of nautical archaeological research. The grant was originally funded personally byJoan du Plat Taylor, the founder editor ofIJNA and the first president of the Nautical Archaeology Society.
The Adopt-a-wreck scheme,[19] run by the Nautical Archaeology Society was set up as a joint initiative with theMaritime and Coastguard Agency[24] to encourage groups and individuals to take a close interest in a maritime site, and adopt a minimum level of stewardship, monitoring how the site changes over time. As well asshipwrecks, adopted sites can includeharbour works and buildings withnautical connections,coastal habitations,hulks and other sea wrack of archaeological interest. The society maintains a register of all such adopted sites and since 2003 has provided an annual award to the person or group that has made the most significant contribution to maritime archaeology and research through the adoption process. A pilot for the Adopt-a-Wreck scheme was run on the East IndiamanHalsewell[25]
Past winners of the Adopt-a-Wreck award have included:
This award is made in memory ofKeith Muckelroy and until 2008 was awarded as part of the British Archaeological Awards. In 2008 the administration of the award was transferred to the Nautical Archaeological Society, and the award has been presented bi-annually at the NAS conference since 2009. It is awarded for the best published work covering maritime, nautical or underwater archaeology which best reflects the pioneering ideas and scholarly standards of Keith Muckelroy.
In 2004 the Nautical Archaeological Society took custody of the remains of an Elizabethan wreck discovered in the Princes Channel of theThames Estuary during dredging operations by thePort of London Authority.[34] The remains represented a navigation hazard, and as they had been disturbed and damaged by the dredging operations, preservation in situ was not an option. The remains were investigated by Wessex Archaeology[35] anddendrochronology by Nigel Nayling of the University of Wales gave a construction date of soon after 1754, probably inEast Anglia. The remains were transferred toHorsea Island, an estuarine lake nearPortsmouth, where the brackish water should enable the timbers to stabilise while they are accessible to students for study and training purposes. The remains of the ship are being studied as part of a five-year project also involving the Port of London Authority, theMuseum at Docklands, theInstitute of Archaeology at University College London,Gresham College and theUniversity of Southern Denmark. The ship has been termed the "Gresham Ship" because one of the guns recovered had the initials and emblem of Sir Thomas Gresham.[36][37][38][39]
The Nautical Archaeology Society manages or participates in research projects with the aims of firstly furthering research and secondly enabling novice professionals and avocational archaeologists to have opportunities to get involved in archaeological research[40] and hence develop individual experience and promote best practice in investigative techniques. Wreckmap projects focus on surveying and recording sites in a specific area. Projects have included the 'Sound ofMull Archaeological Project' (SOMAP), which ran from 1994 to 2005[22] and the "SubMAP" project, which investigated the wreck ofResurgam.[41] Wreckmap projects have also been conducted inPortland, Dorset and Teesbay (nearHartlepool).
Wreckmap Britain 2005[42] encouraged recreational divers to submit a recording form for a favouritedive anywhere inBritain. Wreckmap Britain 2006[43] was launched at the London International Dive Show (LIDS) on 1 April 2006 and has distributed 100,000 recording forms to recreational divers. The results will be added to the Shipwreck Index.[44] WreckMap Britain is conducted in partnership with theMarine Conservation Society (SeaSearch) and sponsored byCrown Estate, theBSAC Jubilee Trust andPADI through theProject AWARE Foundation.
Forton Lake is a community based project to record the hulks of vessels abandoned at Forton Lake,Gosport. The field work and community training for the project was supported by theHeritage Lottery Fund from 2006 to 2007 and the final year of fieldwork in 2008 and publication is being supported byCrown Estate. The project is carried out jointly with theHampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology.[45]
The Diving into History Project, supported by theHeritage Lottery Fund, ran from 2006 to 2008 and included outreach activities to the public and support for Adopt-a-Wreck groups. In addition community based projects were carried out, including an industrial and oral history project involving underwater survey of Stoney Cove and archive and oral history research.[46][47]
In 2006 a group of sea cadets were given the opportunity to become maritime archaeologists, learning to scuba dive, to research archives and to design web sites. The project was supported by theHeritage Lottery Fund 'Young roots' programme and was carried out in conjunction with Hartlepool library and Hartlepool Diving Club. An excavation of a wreck was carried out at Middleton Sands on Teesbay and the cadets built their own website documenting their experiences.[48]
TheNorth East England Maritime Archaeology Research Archive (NEEMARA) was established in 2006 thanks to grant funding fromEnglish Heritage and from local councils. The archive contains reference material on ships, shipbuilding and archaeological reports and is housed at the offices ofHartlepool Borough Council.[49]
Projects directly run by NAS (including Wreckmap projects) have project reports that are submitted to the appropriateHeritage Environment Record(HER). As part of NAS training, students submit a project report for part two of the NAS Certificate in Underwater and Foreshore Archaeology. Where appropriate reports are submitted to the appropriate local HER. NAS project reports and NAS Part two reports are also available to view at NAS offices in Portsmouth.[1]
The Big Anchor Project is an international project which is attempting to collect data on anchors to provide a research resource for the identification of anchors. Following a pilot exercise by the South West Maritime History Society and Dorset County Council, a web site enables anyone to upload pghotographs and information about anchors.[50][51]
The Hartlepool Built project is a project to gather data on ships built in Hartlepool and on the people who sailed them. Designed as a web-based oral history type project, the project captures, and publishes on the web information on ships built in Hartlepool over the last 170 years, with photographs and other information from relatives of those whose lives were affected.[52][53]
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