Anational personification is ananthropomorphicpersonification of a state or the people(s) it inhabits. It may appear inpolitical cartoons andpropaganda. In the first personifications in theWestern World, warrior deities or figures symbolizing wisdom were used (for example the goddessAthena in ancient Greece), to indicate the strength and power of the nation. Some personifications in the Western world often took theLatin name of the ancientRoman province. Examples of this type includeBritannia,Germania,Hibernia,Hispania,Lusitania,Helvetia andPolonia.
Examples of personifications of theGoddess of Liberty includeMarianne, theStatue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World), and many examples of United States coinage. Another ancient model wasRoma, a femaledeity who personified the city ofRome and her dominion over the territories of theRoman Empire.[1] Roma was probably favoured by Rome's high-status Imperial representatives abroad, rather than the Roman populace at large. In Rome, the EmperorHadrian built and dedicated a gigantictemple to her asRoma Aeterna ("Eternal Rome"), and toVenus Felix, ("Venus the Bringer of Good Fortune"), emphasising the sacred, universal and eternal nature of the empire.[2] Examples of representations of theeveryman or citizenry in addition to the nation itself areDeutscher Michel,John Bull andUncle Sam.[3]
Italia turrita (lit. 'Turreted Italy'), the allegorical personification ofItaly, appears as of a young woman with her head surrounded by amural crown completed bytowers (henceturrita or "with towers" inItalian). It is often accompanied by theStella d'Italia ('Star of Italy'), which is the oldestnational symbol of Italy, since it dates back to theGraeco-Roman tradition,[4] from which the so-calledItalia turrita e stellata ('turreted and starry Italy'), and by other additional attributes, the most common of which is thecornucopia. The allegorical representation with the towers, which draws its origins fromancient Rome, is typical of Italian civicheraldry, so much so that the mural crown is also the symbol of thecities of Italy. The origin of the turreted woman is linked to the figure ofCybele, a deity of fertility ofAnatolian origin, in whose representations she wears a wall crown.[5] Its most classic aspect derives from the primordial myth of theGreat Mediterranean Mother.
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Our mother Macedonia became now as a widow, lonely and deserted by her sons. She does not fly the banner of the victorious Macedonian army
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