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Anational internet is anInternet Protocol-basedwalled garden network maintained by anation state as a national substitute for the globalInternet, with the aim of controlling and monitoring the communications of its inhabitants, as well as restricting their access to outside media.[1] Other names have been used, such as the use of the termhalal internet inIran.
Such networks generally come with access to state-controlled media and national alternatives to foreign-run Internet services:search engines,web-based email, and so forth.[2]
Myanmar before 2011, while itwas ruled by a military junta, used to have a separate intranet for domestic use called Myanmar Wide Web.[3]
Cuba has its own state-controlled intranet called national web.[4][5][6][7]
North Korea'sKwangmyong network, dating back to 2000, is the best-known of this type of network.Cuba andMyanmar also use a similar network system that is separated from the rest of the Internet.[8]The network usesdomain names under the.kp top-level domain that are not accessible from the global Internet.[9] As of 2016 the network usesIPv4 addresses reserved forprivate networks in the 10.0.0.0/8 range.[9]
In 2020 Russia tested internal internet known asRuNet (Internet in the Russian Federation).[10]
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A primary insight flows from our research and it pertains to the stability of China’s internet: the internet in China is a walled garden in terms of structure yet at the same time dependent upon Western Europe and the United States for foreign connectivity.[11][12][13] Put plainly, in terms of resilience, China could effectively withdraw from the global public internet and maintain domestic connectivity (essentially having an intranet).[14][15][16] This means the rest of the world could be restricted from connecting into China, and vice versa for external connections for Chinese businesses/users.[17][18][19]
TheNational Information Network ofIran works like theGreat Firewall ofChina.[20][21][22] In April 2011, a seniorIranian official, Ali Agha-Mohammadi announced government plans to launch its ownhalal internet, which would conform to Islamic values and provideappropriate services.[23] Creating such a network, similar to the North Korean example, would prevent unwanted information from outside Iran getting into the closed system.[8] The Iranian walled garden would have its own localized email service and search engine.[24]
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Internet censorship circumvention technologies | |||||||
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