Large-scale intranet maintained by a nation-state as a substitute for the Internet
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Anational intranet is anInternet Protocol-basedwalled garden network maintained by anation state as a national substitute for the globalInternet, with the aim of controlling and monitoring the communications of its inhabitants, as well as restricting their access to outside media.[1] Other names have been used, such as the use of the termhalal internet inIran.
Such networks generally come with access to state-controlled media and national alternatives to foreign-run Internet services:search engines,web-based email, and so forth.[2]
North Korea'sKwangmyong network, dating back to 2000, is the best-known of this type of network.Cuba andMyanmar also use a similar network system that is separated from the rest of the Internet.[8]The network usesdomain names under the.kp top-level domain that are not accessible from the global Internet.[9] As of 2016 the network usesIPv4 addresses reserved forprivate networks in the 10.0.0.0/8 range.[9]
China does not maintain a national intranet.[11] Instead, it relies on selective blocking of foreign internet content, a system termed theGreat Firewall,[11][12][13] combined with censorship of content posted from within its borders,[11][14] such as by blocking lists of "sensitive" keywords.[15]
TheNational Information Network ofIran works like theGreat Firewall ofChina.[16][17][18] In April 2011, a seniorIranian official, Ali Agha-Mohammadi announced government plans to launch its own "halal Internet", which would conform to Islamic values and provide "appropriate" services.[19] Creating such a network, similar to the North Korean example, would prevent unwanted information from outside Iran getting into the closed system.[8] The Iranian walled garden would have its own localized email service and search engine.[20]
