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InIsraeli politics, thenational camp (Hebrew:המחנה הלאומי) orright-wing bloc is an informal coalition ofnationalist andright-wing,religious conservative political parties that since 1977 has frequently co-operated to form governments.[1]
The coalition is led byLikud, and includes parties to its political right as well as religious parties. Generally, the twoHaredi parties (Shas and theUnited Torah Judaism alliance) align with Likud. In the past, the coalition has included theNational Religious Party, theNational Union,Gesher,Tkuma,The Jewish Home, theNew Right,Yisrael Beiteinu (until late 2019) andZehut.[2][3][4][5][6][7]
Following theSeptember 2019 Israeli legislative election, Israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu formed a "right-wing bloc" for the purposes of coalition negotiations, consisting of Likud, Shas,United Torah Judaism andYamina, that would support Netanyahu as Prime Minister.[8] In February 2021, Yamina left the bloc to pursue negotiations with opposition parties, and theReligious Zionist Party, which had split from Yamina, also declined to sign on, despite supporting Netanyahu as Prime Minister.[9] However, the Religious Zionist Party later rejoined the bloc and participated in bloc meetings.[10]
Following the fall of the Netanyahu government in June 2021, the four parties of the right-wing bloc went into the opposition, but continued to hold regular joint meetings in Netanyahu's office.[11][12]
The bloc returned to power under Netanyahu's leadership following the2022 Israeli legislative election, forming thethirty-seventh government of Israel.[13]
| Name | Years | Position | Ideology | Leader | MKs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Likud | 1977–present | Centre-right toright-wing | Conservatism | Benjamin Netanyahu | 32 / 120 | ||
| Shas[c] | 1984–present | Right-wing | Religious conservatism (Sephardi-Haredi) | Aryeh Deri | 11 / 120 | ||
| United Torah Judaism[a][c] | 1992–present | Right-wing | Religious conservatism (Ashkenazi-Haredi) | Yitzhak Goldknopf | 7 / 120 | ||
| Mafdal – Religious Zionism[b] | 2023–present | Right-wing toFar-right | Religious Zionism Ultranationalism | Bezalel Smotrich | 7 / 120 | ||
| Otzma Yehudit | 2013–present | Far-right | Kahanism | Itamar Ben-Gvir | 6 / 120 | ||
| New Hope | 2023–present | Centre-right toright-wing | Conservatism National liberalism | Gideon Sa'ar | 4 / 120 | ||
| Noam[c] | 2019–present | Far-right | Religious Zionism Social conservatism | Avi Maoz | 1 / 120 | ||
^ a: IncludesAgudat Israel andDegel HaTorah.
^ b: Merger ofNational Union-Tkuma andThe Jewish Home.
^ c: Membership in the government currently terminated.
| Name | Years | Position | Ideology | Leader | MKs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yisrael Beiteinu | 1999–2019 | Centre-right toright-wing | National liberalism | Avigdor Lieberman | 6 / 120 | |
In January 2022, Israeli Prime MinisterNaftali Bennett suggested he was planning to form a "new national camp" withYamina, Yisrael Beiteinu andNew Hope, excluding Likud.[14] The three parties parted their ways during thecollapse of 36th Cabinet of Israel.
In August 2024,Gideon Sa'ar, the leader of New Hope, called for the unification of what he described as the "liberal right-wing camp", which would also include Yisrael Beiteinu and Bennett'sNew Right.[15]
| Knesset | Years | Leader | MKs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1949–1951 | Menachem Begin | 38 / 120 |
| 2 | 1951–1955 | Peretz Bernstein | 43 / 120 |
| 3 | 1955–1959 | Menachem Begin | 45 / 120 |
| 4 | 1959–1961 | Menachem Begin | 43 / 120 |
| 5 | 1961–1965 | Menachem Begin | 52 / 120 |
| 6 | 1965–1969 | Menachem Begin | 48 / 120 |
| 7 | 1969–1974 | Menachem Begin | 50 / 120 |
| 8 | 1974–1977 | Menachem Begin | 58 / 120 |
| Knesset | Years | Leader | MKs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | 1977–1981 | Menachem Begin | 63 / 120 |
| 10 | 1981–1984 | Menachem Begin,Yitzhak Shamir | 64 / 120 |
| 11 | 1984–1988 | Yitzhak Shamir | 60 / 120 |
| 12 | 1988–1992 | Yitzhak Shamir | 65 / 120 |
| 13 | 1992–1996 | Yitzhak Shamir,Benjamin Netanyahu | 59 / 120 |
| 14 | 1996–1999 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 64 / 120 |
| 15 | 1999–2003 | Benjamin Netanyahu,Ariel Sharon | 60 / 120 |
| 16 | 2003–2006 | Ariel Sharon | 69 / 120 |
| 17 | 2006–2009 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 50 / 120 |
| 18 | 2009–2013 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 65 / 120 |
| 19 | 2013–2015 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 61 / 120 |
| 20 | 2015–2019 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 67 / 120 |
| 21 | 2019–2019 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 65 / 120 |
| 22 | 2019–2020 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 55 / 120 |
| 23 | 2020–2021 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 58 / 120 |
| 24 | 2021–2022 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 59 / 120 |
| 25 | 2022–present | Benjamin Netanyahu | 64 / 120 |
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