 | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 2004; 21 years ago (2004) |
| Headquarters | New Delhi,Delhi,India |
| Motto | IAST: āno bhadra krtavo yantu vishwatah (Let noble thoughts come to me from all directions) |
| Annual budget | Classified |
| Minister responsible | |
| Agency executive |
|
| Website | ntro |
TheNational Technical Research Organisation (NTRO) is atechnical intelligence agency of India.[1][2] It was set up in 2004.[3] The agency reports to theNational Security Advisor and to thePrime Minister's Office.[4] NTRO also comprises theNational Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre and theNational Institute of Cryptology Research and Development.
NTRO has the same "norms of conduct" as theIntelligence Bureau (IB) and theResearch and Analysis Wing (R&AW).[4][5]
The National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO), originally known as the National Technical Facilities Organisation (NTFO), is a highly specialised technical intelligence gathering agency. While the agency does not affect the working of technical wings of various intelligence agencies, including those of theIndian Armed Forces, it acts as a super-feeder agency for providing technical intelligence to other agencies on internal and external security. The Group of Ministers (GOM) headed by thenDeputy Prime MinisterL. K. Advani had recommended the constitution of theNTFO as a state-of-the-art technical wing of intelligence gathering. Due to security concerns, the recommendation along with such other matters were not made public when the GOM report was published. The organisation does hi-tech surveillance jobs, including satellite monitoring, terrestrial monitoring,internet monitoring, considered vital for the national security apparatus. The NTRO would require over₹700 crore (US$83 million) to procure different hi-tech equipment from specialised agencies around the globe to become fully functional. The officials have identified countries from where such gadgets could be procured but refused to reveal them due to 'security and other implications'. The Government had been working in this direction after theKargil war in 1999 when the Subrahmanyam committee report pointed out weaknesses in intelligence gathering in the national security set up.[6] Sources said the road-map for constitution of theNational Technical Facilities Organisation was prepared byDr A P J Abdul Kalam in October 2001 when he was the Principal Scientific Adviser. It was subsequently mentioned in the Group of Ministers report on internal security.
In October 2004, theCabinet Committee on Security (CCS) approved setting up of NTRO, a spy organisation for technical intelligence, modelled on theNational Security Agency (NSA) of the United States, which would be the repository of the country's technical intelligence (TECHINT) assets—spy satellites, UAVs and spy planes.[7]
The agency specialises in multiple disciplines, which include remote sensing,SIGINT, data gathering and processing, cyber security,geospatial information gathering, cryptology, strategic hardware and software development and strategic monitoring.[8]
TheNational Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre, an agency under the control of National Technical Research Organisation, has been created to monitor, intercept and assess threats to crucial infrastructure and other vital installations from intelligence gathered using sensors and platforms which include satellites, underwater buoys, drones, VSAT-terminal locators and fiber-optic cable nodal tap points.[citation needed]
It also includesNational Institute of Cryptology Research and Development (NICRD), which is first of its kind inAsia.[9]
NTRO operates theTechnology Experiment Satellite (TES),Cartosat-2A,EMISAT andCartosat-2B besides twoRadar Imaging Satellites namelyRISAT-1 &RISAT-2.[10] RISAT-2 was acquired from Israel at a cost $110 million and placed into orbit using a PSLV launcher in 2009.[citation needed]
NTRO, along with theIndian Air Force (IAF) operates a number of Very Long Range Tracking Radar (VLRTR) arrays. VLRTR are used for missile monitoring and early detection of threats in aid of ballistic missile defence. These VLRTR sites are located atUdaipur,Bhopal andBalasore.[11]
NTRO has been one of the most proactive members of the United States'NSA-led 10-member counter-terrorism platform called SIGINT Seniors Pacific (SSPAC) for the last 10 years, a recent tranche of classified documents recently released by whistleblowerEdward Snowden to a website suggests.[12]
In September 2013, theMadhya Pradesh government allotted 180hectares of land to set up the NTRO at Borda village near Bhopal.[13][14]
In December 2014, based onCOMINT provided by NTRO, theIndian Coast Guard intercepted a Pakistani fishing boat in theArabian Sea near the Indo-Pakistan maritime boundary, approximately 365 km fromPorbander. After few hours of chase and standoff, coast guard fired at the boat thus killing all the 4 occupants. The Coast Guard officials stated that the occupants were terrorists and were on their way to undertake a26/11-type attack.[15][16][17]
During the 2016 Line of Control strike, NTRO played an important role by providingsatellite intelligence to operational advisors and planners.Cartosat-2C,Cartosat-1,Resourcesat-2 satellites operated by NTRO, were used to provide the imagery of terrorist training camps inPakistan-administered Kashmir.[18]
During the2019 Balakot airstrike, NTRO also played an important role. NTROsurveillance confirmed 300 targets via active mobile connections in Markaz Syed Ahmad Shaheed training camp, just few days before IAF airstrike.[19]
It also operates India'socean surveillance ship namedINS Dhruv, jointly with theIndian Navy.[20][21]
In 2007, it was reported that key cabinet approvals by theCabinet Committee on Security (CCS), even after three years, had not been implemented. This delay was attributed to an alleged "turf war" between NTRO and the Aviation Research Centre (ARC)—the technical and airborne division of theResearch and Analysis Wing (R&AW). NTRO was meant to utilise spy satellites,unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), andsurveillance aircraft. However, NTRO possessed only satellites, while ARC had aircraft. Consequently, the government received airborne intelligence from R&AW and satellite imagery from NTRO, undermining the purpose of having a single agency for technical intelligence. Efforts to procure aircraft with advanced technology compared to ARC's capabilities was stalled by the government, allegedly due to R&AW's interference. Furthermore, NTRO lacked sanction for computer hacking and monitoring, and it could collect data but lacked authorisation to analyse it. NTRO as a technical intelligence repository also failed as both theIntelligence Bureau (IB) and R&AW refused to share their data, as per media reports at that time.[7]
In February 2010, the NTRO became the first Indian intelligence agency to be audited by theComptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG), which audited their purchases and expenditure.[22] In April 2013, theDepartment of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) accused NTRO of hacking into theirNational Informatics Center (NIC) network. DeitY cited a report prepared by its operations division, theIndian Computer Emergency Response Team (ICERT), listing all instances when NTRO reportedly hacked into NIC infrastructure and extracted data connected to various ministries. However, the NTRO denied the allegation. Earlier, NTRO had asked NIC to give access to their logs forpenetration testing, which NIC refused.[23]
{{cite news}}:|author= has generic name (help)| National Security Council |
|  |
|---|---|---|
| Internal security | ||
| External intelligence | ||
| Defence intelligence |
| |
| Economic intelligence | ||
| Intelligence Co-ordination | ||
