Nathaniel Lardner | |
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| Born | 6 June 1684 |
| Died | 24 July 1768(1768-07-24) (aged 84) |
| Alma mater | Marischal College (DD) |
Nathaniel Lardner (6 June 1684 – 24 July 1768) was anEnglishPresbyterian minister andtheologian.
Lardner was born inHawkhurst,Kent in 1684. He was the elder son of Richard Lardner (1653–1740), an independent minister, and of a daughter of Nathaniel Collyer or Collier, a Southwark tradesman. His sister Elizabeth marriedDaniel Neal, who studied with Lardner inUtrecht.
After studying for thePresbyterian ministry inLondon, and also atUtrecht andLeiden, he took license as a preacher in 1709, but was not successful. In 1713, he entered the family of Lady Treby, widow ofSir George Treby, as tutor and domestic chaplain, where he remained until 1721. In 1724 he was appointed to deliver the Tuesday evening lecture in the Presbyterian chapel, Old Jewry, London, and in 1729 he became assistant minister to the Presbyterian congregation in Crutched Friars. He graduated with a degree of DD fromMarischal College in Aberdeen in 1743. He died in Hawkhurst on 24 July 1768.[1]
An anonymous volume ofMemoirs appeared in 1769; and a life byAndrew Kippis is prefixed to the edition of theWorks of Lardner, first published in 1788. The full title of his principal work—a work which, although now out of date, entitles its author to be regarded as the founder of modern critical research in the field of early Christian literature—isThe Credibility of the Gospel History; or the Principal Facts of the New Testament confirmed by Passages of Ancient Authors, who were contemporary with our Saviour or his Apostles, or lived near their time. Part 1, in 2 octavo volumes, appeared in 1727; the publication of part 2, in 12 octavo volumes, began in 1733 and ended in 1755. In 1730 there was a second edition of part 1, and the Additions and Alterations were also published separately. A Supplement, otherwise entitledA History of the Apostles and Evangelists, Writers of the New Testament, was added in 3 volumes (1756–1757), and reprinted in 1760.[1]
Other works by Lardner areA Large Collection of Ancient Jewish and Heathen Testimonies to the Truth of the Christian Revelation, with Notes and Observations (4 volumes, quarto, 1764–1767);The History of the Heretics of the two first Centuries after Christ, published posthumously in 1780; and a considerable number of occasional sermons.[1]
Lardner made a case against thesubordinationism ofSamuel Clarke in which the eternalLogos unites with a human body in the man Jesus, opposed to theTrinitarian view. Lardner went further to argue that the New Testament does not teach that Jesus or any element within him pre-existed Mary's pregnancy. According to Lardner the Logos ofJohn 1:1, was to be understood as a divine attribute, which metaphorically “became flesh” in the man Jesus, and other traditional pre-existence proof texts are interpreted in ways consistent with Christ's not existing before his conception. Lardner analyzes the use of “spirit” in the Bible and concludes that it refers to God, or to various of God's properties, actions, or gifts.[2][3] This view was essentiallySocinian.[1]
He was in close relations withThomas Secker, exchanged letters withEdward Waddington, and had a large literary correspondence with continental scholars, and with the ministers ofNew England. Among his English dissenting correspondents wereJohn Brekell,Samuel Chandler,Philip Doddridge, andHenry Miles. He corresponded also withThomas Morgan the Welshdeist and moral philosopher, of very different views but who found Lardner impartial.[4]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lardner, Nathaniel".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.| International | |
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