Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Nasua

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of carnivores

Nasua[1]
White-nosed coati (Nasua narica)
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Carnivora
Family:Procyonidae
Subtribe:Nasuina
Genus:Nasua
Storr, 1780
Type species
Viverra nasua
Species
Synonyms
  • CoatiLacépède, 1799
  • MamnasuausHerrera, 1899
  • NasicaSouth, 1845

Nasua is a genus ofcoatis of the familyProcyonidae. Two additional species of coatis, commonly known as mountain coatis, are placed in the genusNasuella.

Characteristics

[edit]

Nasua differs fromNasuella in being larger and having largercanine teeth,[2] but preliminarygenetic evidence (cytochrome b sequences) suggests thatNasuella should be merged intoNasua.[3] Other genetic studies have shown that the closest relatives of the coatis are theolingos (genusBassaricyon),[4][5][6] from which they diverged about 10.2 million years ago.[6]

Diet

[edit]

Like other procyonids,[7] coatis are omnivores. Their diet consists largely of insects (including their larvae), spiders and other invertebrates as well as the occasional small vertebrate discovered while energetically foraging, with their sensitive noses to the ground, in forestleaf litter. OnBarro Colorado Island, Panama, where they have been studied in greatest detail,[8][9] they supplement this diet with copious amounts of fruit as it becomes available seasonally from favored trees, such as figs (Ficus insipida) and hog plums (Spondias mombin).

Behavior

[edit]
Coati band performingmutual grooming after reaggregation

Their very active foraging behavior appears to be interrelated with their distinctive social organization. Exceptional among procyonids, coatis are diurnal and for much of the year gregarious. Though females nest, and bear and nurse their young in isolation, shortly after the altricial young become mobile the females aggregate into social groups known as bands. Bands consist of adult females (two or more years old), and sub-adults (1–2 years old) and juveniles (less than 1 year old) of both sexes. At maturity, at two years of age, males are excluded from bands and take up a solitary lifestyle. They are aggressively repelled from bands, except during the mating season when typically one male ingratiates himself to a band through submissive behavior, forages with it for a period of a few weeks, and mates with all of the adult females. During the nesting season, the sub-adults and juveniles remain together in bands while breeding adult females become solitary for parturition and nesting. Females beginbreeding in their 3rd or 4th year, apparently depending on nutritional status. Occasionally, older females become postreproductive, and these remain with the bands while breeding females separate. Breeding is synchronous, as is parturition and nursing. Resumption of gregarious behavior takes place synchronously as well, over the course of several weeks, depending on the existence of previous social relationships, i.e. females with prior relationships reaggregate into bands more quickly than those forming new relationships. Nonetheless, persistent social bonds may form anew at this point in the reproductive cycle: while there may be a tendency to reaggregate with kin, prior relationships are not indispensable. Previously unfamiliar individuals may aggregate into bands with stable social relationships. A conspicuous means of bond formation is mutual grooming, on which an hour or more may be spent daily. Some of this appears to be ritualized as a form of social bond formation (Fig. 1), though it is clearly mutually beneficial as well: the burden of ticks on band members is lower than it is on solitary adult males, for instance.[10]

Three infant coatis with their mother

When juveniles descend from the nest, they are little better than helpless. One important benefit of aggregating for the adult females is sharing of vigilance in protection of juveniles from predation. Juvenile mortality is high, sources of peril including adult male coatis which have been observed to kill them.[11] It is not entirely clear whether adult males are preying on them or killing potential rivals, and of course it may be both.

The active foraging behavior of coatis is fairly conspicuous, and requires a considerable degree of attention. The proportion of time that adult females spend foraging increases, and the proportion of foraging time interrupted for stationary vigilance behavior decreases, when aggregation into bands is achieved. Bands forage in formation, with adults and sub-adults distributed around the periphery, and juveniles gathered towards the center. This shared vigilance appears to be an important contributor to the benefit of gregariousness for coatis.

Species

[edit]

The two species withinNasua are:

ImageScientific nameCommon NameDistribution
N. narica(Linnaeus, 1766)white-nosed coati, pizote, or antoonSouthwestern United States (southernNew Mexico,Arizona, but no longerTexas),Mexico,Central America, and northwestColombia.[12][13]
N. nasua(Linnaeus, 1766)South American coatiSouth America

DNA sequence analysis indicates that theN. narica andN. nasua lineages split about 5.6 million years ago.[6]

TheCozumel Island coati had been recognized as a third species, but the vast majority of recent authorities treat it as a subspecies,N. narica nelsoni, of the white-nosed coati.[1][14][15][16][17]

Coatis

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Mammal Species of the World". Retrieved2007-07-14.
  2. ^Emmons, Louise (1997).Neotropical Rainforest Mammals, A Field Guide (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 153–154.ISBN 978-0-226-20721-6.OCLC 35686100.
  3. ^Helgen, K. M.; Kays, R.; Helgen, L. E.; Tsuchiya-Jerep, M. T. N.; Pinto, C. M.; Koepfli, K. P.; Eizirik, E.; Maldonado, J. E. (August 2009)."Taxonomic boundaries and geographic distributions revealed by an integrative systematic overview of the mountain coatis,Nasuella (Carnivora: Procyonidae)"(PDF).Small Carnivore Conservation.41:65–74. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2014-01-16. Retrieved2013-08-20.
  4. ^K.-P. Koepfli; M. E. Gompper; E. Eizirik; C.-C. Ho; L. Linden; J. E. Maldonado; R. K. Wayne (2007). "Phylogeny of the Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carvnivora): Molecules, morphology and the Great American Interchange".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.43 (3):1076–1095.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.495.2618.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.10.003.PMID 17174109.
  5. ^Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Johnson, W. E.; Dragoo, J. W.; Wayne, R. K.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010-02-04)."Pattern and timing of diversification of the mammalian order Carnivora inferred from multiple nuclear gene sequences".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.56 (1):49–63.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.033.PMC 7034395.PMID 20138220.
  6. ^abcHelgen, K. M.; Pinto, M.; Kays, R.; Helgen, L.; Tsuchiya, M.; Quinn, A.; Wilson, D.; Maldonado, J. (2013-08-15)."Taxonomic revision of the olingos (Bassaricyon), with description of a new species, the Olinguito".ZooKeys (324):1–83.doi:10.3897/zookeys.324.5827.PMC 3760134.PMID 24003317.
  7. ^Patent, D.H. (1979).Raccoons, coatimundis and their family. Holiday House, New York
  8. ^Kaufmann, J.H. (1962).Ecology and social behavior of the coati,Nasua narica on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Univ. of California Publications in Zoology 60:95-222.
  9. ^Russell, J.K. (1982). Timing of reproduction by coatis (Nasua narica) in relation to fluctuations in food resources. In:The Ecology of a Tropical Forest. Seasonal Rhythms and Long-term Changes. E.G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, D. M Windsor (eds). Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D.C.
  10. ^Russell, J.K. (1983). Altruisim in coati bands: Nepotism or reciprocity? In: Wasser, S. (ed).Social Behavior of Female Vertebrates. Academic Press, New York
  11. ^Russell, J.K. (1981). "Exclusion of adult male coatis from social groups: Protection from predation".Journal of Mammalogy.62 (1):206–208.doi:10.2307/1380499.JSTOR 1380499.
  12. ^Gompper, Matthew E. (23 June 1946), "Nasua narica",Mammalian Species (487): 2,doi:10.2307/3504195,JSTOR 3504195
  13. ^de la Rosa, Carlos L.; Nocke, Claudia C. (2000).A Guide to the Carnivores of Central America: Natural History, Ecology, and Conservation. University of Texas Press. p. 82.ISBN 978-0-292-71605-6.
  14. ^Kays, R. (2009). White-nosed Coati (Nasua narica), pp. 527-528 in: Wilson, D.E., and R.A. Mittermeier, eds. (2009).Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 1, Carnivores.ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1
  15. ^Decker, D.M. (1991).Systematics Of The Coatis, Genus Nasua (Mammalia, Procyonidae)Archived 2014-10-06 at theWayback Machine. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104: 370-386
  16. ^Reid, Fiona A. (1997).A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico. pp. 259–260.ISBN 978-0-19-506400-1.OCLC 34633350.
  17. ^Cuarón, A.D.; Helgen, K.; Reid, F.; Pino, J.; González-Maya, J.F. (2016)."Nasua narica".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016: e.T41683A45216060.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41683A45216060.en. Retrieved13 November 2021.

External links

[edit]
  • Data related toNasua at Wikispecies
  • Media related toNasua at Wikimedia Commons
ExtantCarnivora species
Prionodon(Asiatic linsangs)
Pantherinae
Neofelis
Panthera
Felinaesensu stricto
Bay cat
lineage
Pardofelis
Catopuma
Caracal
lineage
Caracal
Leopardus
Lynx
Puma
lineage
Acinonyx
Puma
Leopard cat
lineage
Prionailurus
Felis
Viverroidea
    • see below↓
Hemigalinae
Paradoxurinae
Paradoxurus
Viverrinaesensu lato
Viverrinae
sensu stricto
Viverra
Poiana
(African linsangs)
subgenusGenetta
(paraphyletic)
subgenusEugenetta
(paraphyletic)
subgenusHerpailuropoda
(paraphyletic)
subgenusPardogale
(paraphyletic)
subgenusPrionailuropoda
subgenusLeptailuropoda
(paraphyletic)
subgenusOsbornictis
Herpestoidea
    • see below↓
Hyaenidae
(hyenas)
Proteles
Hyaeninae
(bone-crushing hyenas)
Crocuta
Herpestidaesensu lato
Eupleridae
(Malagasy
carnivorans)
Euplerinae
(Malagasy civets)
Eupleres(falanoucs)
Galidiinae
(vontsira)
Galidictis
Salanoia
Suricata
Mungos
Helogale
Crossarchus
(kusimanses)
Urva
(Asian mongooses)
Bdeogale
Herpestes
(slender mongooses)
Urocyon
Nyctereutes
(raccoon dogs)
Vulpes
(truefoxes)
Speothos
Lycalopex
(South American foxes)
Lupulella
Lycaon
Canis
Ailuropoda
Tremarctos
Ursinae
Ursus
Mustelida
Pinnipedia(seals)
    • see below↓
Musteloidea
    • see below↓
Odobenidae
Callorhinus
(northernfur seals)
Otariinae
(sea lions)
Zalophus
Neophoca
Arctocephalus
(southernfur seals)
Phoca
Pusa
Monachini
(monk seals)
Neomonachus
Mirounga
(elephant seals)
Lobodontini
(Antarctic seals)
Ailuridae
Conepatus
(hog-nosed skunks)
Mephitis
Mydaus
(stink badgers)
Spilogale
(spotted skunks)
Bassariscus
Procyon
(raccoons)
Bassaricyon
(olingos)
Nasuina
(coatis)
Nasua
Nasuella
(mountain coatis)
Mustelidae
    • see below↓
Mellivora
Arctonyx
(hog badgers)
Meles
(Eurasian badgers)
Melogale
(ferret-badgers)
Pekania
Gulo
Martes
(martens)
Lyncodontini
Galictis
(grisons)
Ictonychini
(African polecats)
Vormela
Ictonyx
Lontra
Enhydra
Lutra
Lutrogale
Aonyx
Neogale
(New World weasels)
subgenusMustela
(paraphyletic)
subgenusLutreola
(paraphyletic)
subgenusPutorius
Genera ofred pandas,raccoons,skunks,mustelids and their extinct allies
Ailuridae
Ailurinae
Amphictinae
Simocyoninae
Mephitidae
Procyonidae
Ailurus fulgens

Mephitis mephitis

Bassaricyon alleni
Guloninae
Helictidinae
Ictonychinae
Lutrinae
Leptarctinae
Melinae
Mellivorinae
Mustelavinae
Mustelinae
Oligobuninae
Taxidiinae
Gulo gulo

Martes zibellinaMegalictis ferox

Chamitataxus avitus
Nasua
Authority control databases: NationalEdit this at Wikidata
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nasua&oldid=1274438191"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp