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Naskapi language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cree language of eastern Canada
See also:Naskapi
Naskapi
ᓇᔅᑲᐱnaskapi,
ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ
iyuw iyimuun
Native toCanada
RegionSt'aschinuw
(Quebec,Labrador)
EthnicityNaskapi
Native speakers
1,230 (2016 census)[1]
Eastern Cree syllabics
Language codes
ISO 639-3nsk
Glottolognask1242
Linguasphere62-ADA-ba
This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA.
PeopleNaskapi Iyuw
ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ
LanguageNaskapi Iyuw Iyimuun
ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ
CountrySt'aschinuw
ᒋᑦ ᐊᔅᒋᓄᐤ

Naskapi (also known asᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ/Iyuw Iyimuun in the Naskapi language) is anAlgonquian language spoken by theNaskapi inQuebec andLabrador,Canada.[3] It is written inEastern Cree syllabics.

The term Naskapi is chiefly used to refer to the language of the people living in the interior ofQuebec andLabrador in or aroundKawawachikamach, Quebec. Naskapi is a "y-dialect" that has many linguistic features in common with the Northern dialect ofEast Cree, and also shares many lexical items with theInnu language.

Although there is a much closer linguistic and cultural relationship between Naskapi and Innu than between Naskapi and other Cree language communities, Naskapi remains unique and distinct from all other language varieties in the Quebec-Labrador peninsula.

Phonology

[edit]
BilabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Nasalmn
Stop/Affricateptk
Fricativesh
Approximantw(ɹ)j
Lateral(l)

Each stop has voiced allophones as[b,d,dʒ,ɡ] and pre-aspirated allophones as[ʰp,ʰt,ʰtʃ,ʰk].[4][full citation needed]

  • Long vowels:/i/,/a~æ/,/u/
  • Short vowels:/ɪ~ə/,/ʌ~ə/,/o~ʊ/

Orthography

[edit]

There are two writing systems used for Naskapi language. One is Latin, similar toInnu Language (Montagnais), and the other isCree syllabics, similar toJames Bay Cree, as well as other dialects of Cree across Canada.

Latin

[edit]

The Naskapi Latin alphabet consists of three vowels,⟨a⟩,⟨i⟩, and⟨u⟩, in short form and in long form. The long form is either written with acircumflex accent, e.g.⟨â⟩, or by simply writing the vowel twice, e.g.⟨aa⟩. In addition there are twelvegraphemes to represent the consonants, including thedigraph⟨Ch⟩.

UppercaseAÂ/AAChHIÎ/IIKLMNPRSTUÛ/UUWY
lowercaseaâ/aachhiî/iiklmnprstuû/uuwy
IPA/ʌ~ə//a~æ//tʃ,dʒ//h//ɪ~ə//i//k,g//l//m//n//p,b//ɹ//s,ʃ//t,d//o~ʊ//u//w//j/
  • Ch, K, P, and T are also used to write the voicedallophones.
  • L and R are only used in loanwords from other languages.

Syllabary

[edit]

Naskapi Syllabics (ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ,naskapi iyuw iyimuun) is derived fromCanadian Aboriginal syllabics, and while having its unique characteristics, shares many features with other Canadian Cree Syllabic systems.Unlike other Cree Syllabics, long and short vowels are not distinguished. The final forms in Naskapi Syllabics are similar to other varieties ofEastern Cree syllabics.

_a_i_u_wa_wi_ws_wa-
-
p
t
k
ch
m
n
s
y
Other Symbols
h
hk
l
r

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^"Language Highlight Tables, 2016 Census - Aboriginal mother tongue, Aboriginal language spoken most often at home and Other Aboriginal language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 Census – 100% Data".www12.statcan.gc.ca. Government of Canada, Statistics. 2 August 2017. Retrieved2017-11-23.
  2. ^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24)."Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi".Glottolog.Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.Archived from the original on 2022-10-15. Retrieved2022-10-29.
  3. ^Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version:
  4. ^MacKenzie, Marguerite. 1994.

External links

[edit]
Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi dialect continuum
Classification
Western variants
(Cree)
Eastern variants
(Montagnais-Naskapi)
Contact languages
See also
Italics indicateextinct languages
Official languages
English
French
Indigenous languages
Algonquian
Inuit
Iroquoian
Na-Dene
Salishan
Siouan
Tsimshian
Wakashan
other
Pidgins, creoles and mixed
Minority languages
Sign languages


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