| Naskapi | |
|---|---|
| ᓇᔅᑲᐱnaskapi, ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐiyuw iyimuun | |
| Native to | Canada |
| Region | St'aschinuw (Quebec,Labrador) |
| Ethnicity | Naskapi |
Native speakers | 1,230 (2016 census)[1] |
Algic
| |
| Eastern Cree syllabics | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nsk |
| Glottolog | nask1242 |
| Linguasphere | 62-ADA-ba |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
| People | Naskapi Iyuw ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ |
|---|---|
| Language | Naskapi Iyuw Iyimuun ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ |
| Country | St'aschinuw ᒋᑦ ᐊᔅᒋᓄᐤ |
Naskapi (also known asᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ/Iyuw Iyimuun in the Naskapi language) is anAlgonquian language spoken by theNaskapi inQuebec andLabrador,Canada.[3] It is written inEastern Cree syllabics.
The term Naskapi is chiefly used to refer to the language of the people living in the interior ofQuebec andLabrador in or aroundKawawachikamach, Quebec. Naskapi is a "y-dialect" that has many linguistic features in common with the Northern dialect ofEast Cree, and also shares many lexical items with theInnu language.
Although there is a much closer linguistic and cultural relationship between Naskapi and Innu than between Naskapi and other Cree language communities, Naskapi remains unique and distinct from all other language varieties in the Quebec-Labrador peninsula.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Stop/Affricate | p | t | tʃ | k | |
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Approximant | w | (ɹ) | j | ||
| Lateral | (l) |
Each stop has voiced allophones as[b,d,dʒ,ɡ] and pre-aspirated allophones as[ʰp,ʰt,ʰtʃ,ʰk].[4][full citation needed]
There are two writing systems used for Naskapi language. One is Latin, similar toInnu Language (Montagnais), and the other isCree syllabics, similar toJames Bay Cree, as well as other dialects of Cree across Canada.
The Naskapi Latin alphabet consists of three vowels,⟨a⟩,⟨i⟩, and⟨u⟩, in short form and in long form. The long form is either written with acircumflex accent, e.g.⟨â⟩, or by simply writing the vowel twice, e.g.⟨aa⟩. In addition there are twelvegraphemes to represent the consonants, including thedigraph⟨Ch⟩.
| Uppercase | A | Â/AA | Ch | H | I | Î/II | K | L | M | N | P | R | S | T | U | Û/UU | W | Y |
| lowercase | a | â/aa | ch | h | i | î/ii | k | l | m | n | p | r | s | t | u | û/uu | w | y |
| IPA | /ʌ~ə/ | /a~æ/ | /tʃ,dʒ/ | /h/ | /ɪ~ə/ | /i/ | /k,g/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /p,b/ | /ɹ/ | /s,ʃ/ | /t,d/ | /o~ʊ/ | /u/ | /w/ | /j/ |
Naskapi Syllabics (ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ,naskapi iyuw iyimuun) is derived fromCanadian Aboriginal syllabics, and while having its unique characteristics, shares many features with other Canadian Cree Syllabic systems.Unlike other Cree Syllabics, long and short vowels are not distinguished. The final forms in Naskapi Syllabics are similar to other varieties ofEastern Cree syllabics.
| _a | _i | _u | _wa | _wi | _w | s_wa | - | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | ᐊ | ᐃ | ᐅ | ᐛ | ᐎ | ᐤ | ||
| p | ᐸ | ᐱ | ᐳ | ᑈ | ᔌ | ᑉ | ||
| t | ᑕ | ᑎ | ᑐ | ᑥ | ᔌ | ᑦ | ||
| k | ᑲ | ᑭ | ᑯ | ᒂ | ᒄ | ᔎ | ᒃ | |
| ch | ᒐ | ᒋ | ᒍ | ᒠ | ᔏ | ᒡ | ||
| m | ᒪ | ᒥ | ᒧ | ᒺ | ᒻ | |||
| n | ᓇ | ᓂ | ᓄ | ᓏ | ᓐ | |||
| s | ᓴ | ᓯ | ᓱ | ᔄ | ᔅ | |||
| y | ᔭ | ᔨ | ᔪ | ᔽ | ᔾ | |||
| ᐟ | ||||||||
| Other Symbols | ||||||||
| h | ᐦ | |||||||
| hk | ᑾ | ᑶ | ᑴ | |||||
| l | ᓚ | ᓕ | ᓗ | ᓪ | ||||
| r | ᕋ | ᕆ | ᕈ | ᕐ | ||||
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