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Narayana Teertha | |
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| Born | Tallavajula Govinda Sastrulu 1650 (1650) |
| Origin | Khaza, Guntur, India |
| Died | 1745 (aged 94–95) |
| Genres | Carnatic music |
| Occupation | Carnatic music composer |
Narayana Teertha (c. 1650 – 1745 CE) was a Hindu saint and composer, known to be a devotee of the deity Krishna.
Narayana Teertha was born inSouth India in the region covered by the present-dayAndhra Pradesh. He lived inKaza, Guntur district near Mangalagiri. He belonged to Tallavarjula family.[1] His birth name was Govinda Sastrulu. They eventually moved toThanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
While there is significant dissention as to his exact time, historians place him between 1610 and 1745 AD. An extensive research done with the help of archives preserved inSaraswati Mahal Library has helped place the time closer to 1650 AD – 1745 AD, and he reportedly lived a long life.
He mastered music at a very early age and studiedPuranas,Srimad Bhagavatam and otherSanskrit works. He renounced family at a very early age and took on a life of a religious devotion. He went to Varanasi to spread his philosophy.
Teertha was very well versed in Music and,Natya Shastra, and a great scholar inSanskrit. He used at least 34 popularragas. He used Triputa, Adi, Rupaka, Chapu, Jampa, Matya, Vilamba, Eka and Atataalams. Many of the songs are structurally well set for direct use as nritya or natya padams. He carefully avoided complex usages and utilized easy expressions. His Gadyams and Padyams are exquisite in beauty. He used 17 differentChandas or meters such as Anushtup, Arya, Indravajra, Bhujangaprayadam, Shardula vikriditam, Vasanta tilaka, Prithvi.
He wrote 15 books and some of them are available inBenares Hindu University andParijatapaharanam at Saraswathi Mahal inTanjore. He is also credited with composing two other operas,Parijaa Apaharanam andHaribhakti Sudharnavam.
Narayana Teertha received divine blessings atVaragur in Thanjavur District. His mukthi sthalam (place of eternity) is at Varagur. Although he lived in Varahur, Narayana Teertha attained Siddhi in 1745 at a nearby village called Thirupoonthuruthy under a huge mango tree, on the banks ofKudamurutti River, on the Masi Sukla Ashtami, Guruvaram, Krithika Nakshatram day. It is said that he attained 'Jeeva Samadhi' (even while alive). A small shrine has been constructed on this hallowed spot, under the sprawling mango tree.
Narayana Teertha was the author of aSanskrit opera calledSri Krishna Leela Tarangini on the life of the Krishna. It deals with the various pastimes of Krishna, starting from describing his variousavataras, to his birth, childhood pastimes (Bala Leelas) and ending with his marriage toRukmini. Narayana Teertha uses various literary and musical forms such as songs, prose passages,slokas (praises in verse),dwipadis (couplets), etc. The songs are popularly called "Tarangas" means waves. The lyrics are simple yet beautiful and effective. The Gita Govinda ofJayadeva Goswami is said to be the inspiration. The Gita Govinda of Jayadeva Goswami, Krishna Karnamritam of SriBilvamangalacharya, and the Krishna Leela Tarangini of Narayana Teertha are said to be the 'three gems' in medieval Vaishnava literature describing the deity's various pastimes and plays.
Legend has it that the inspiration to compose this piece occurred when he was along the banks of Naducauvery. He was suffering from a serious stomach ailment and prayed that he should be given the strength to go back to Tirupati, where it all started. A divine voice asked him to follow a boar (Varaha) to wherever it led him. The Varaha led him to Bhupatirajapuram, which came to be known as `Varagur' (meaning 'Varaha' or boar, and 'Ur' or village) later. The boar which guided Narayana Teertha to Bhupatirajapuram was no ordinary boar, but LordVaraha (the boar-form of Krishna) himself. The people of the village knew that a great personality was coming, due to many auspicious omens. With their help, he re-built the beautifulSri Lakshmi-Narayana temple, Navaneetha Krishna and Sri Srinivasa (Venkateshwara) (which were there in the village) and settled down on the banks of river 'Kudamurutty' the name by which the Cauvery was known at this place.[2]
Tarangini is an opera highly suitable for dance drama and it has been very well utilized byIndian classical dancers, especially inKuchipudi over the last two centuries. Tarangini consists of 12 Tarangams and encapsulates 153 songs, 302slokams and 31choornikaas. Teertha followed Veda VyAsa'sBhagavatam and concentrated on the 10th skandam.
Some of the popular compositions are listed here:
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Narayana Teertha Trust of Kaja, at the birthplace of Saint Narayana Teertha celebrated his 264th aradhana. As a part of the celebrations, guru pooja, morning worship, sahasranama chanting, vedic renditions and tarangam singing were conducted. Bhajan troupes from various parts of the State rendered tarangams with devotion.[3]
Specially residents and devotees of Varagur village (Thirukkattupalli, Tanjore) celebrate Tharangini Mahotsav every year on 25 & 26 January, all popular artists are performing Tharangam in front of Lord Venkateswara Perumal who has given Darshan to Sri Narayana Theerthar. Later on Sri Narayana Theerthar, the composer of Krishna Leela Tharangini, attained mukti at Varagur. The devotees of Thirupoonthuruti have been organising music festivals at the Samadhi shrine for over 300 years, at Tirupoonthuruti on Masi Sukla Ashtami Day.[4]