| Louis II | |
|---|---|
 Portrait byFélix Cottrau afterJean-Baptiste Wicar | |
| King of Holland | |
| Reign | 1 – 13 July 1810 |
| Predecessor | Louis I |
| Successor | William I asKing of Netherlands |
| Grand Duke of Berg | |
| Reign | 3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813 |
| Predecessor | Joachim I |
| Regent | Napoleon I |
| Born | 11 October 1804 Paris,French Empire |
| Died | 17 March 1831(1831-03-17) (aged 26) Forlì,Papal States |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | |
| House | Bonaparte |
| Father | Louis Bonaparte |
| Mother | Hortense de Beauharnais |
| Royal styles of Louis II of Holland | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| Reference style | His Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Majesty |
Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte (11 October 1804 – 17 March 1831) wasKing of Holland for less than two weeks in July 1810 asLouis II (Dutch:Lodewijk II). He was a son ofLouis Bonaparte (King Louis I) andQueen Hortense. His father was the younger brother ofNapoleon I of France who ruled the NapoleonicKingdom of Holland from 1806 to 1810. His mother was the daughter ofJosephine de Beauharnais, Napoleon's first wife. His younger brother, Louis-Napoléon, becameEmperor of the French in 1852 asNapoleon III.
Napoléon Louis's brother,Napoléon Charles, died in 1807 at the age of four.[1] On his death, Napoléon Louis becamePrince Royal ofHolland.[2] It also made Napoléon Louis the second eldest nephew of Emperor Napoléon I, who at the time had no legitimate children, and he was regarded as his uncle's likely eventual successor.[3] He lost this presumptive status on 20 March 1811 when Napoléon I's second wife,Marie Louise, gave birth to a son,Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, who was styled theKing of Rome and later Duke of Reichstadt.[4]
In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him Grand Duke ofBerg, a position he held until 1813.[5]
On 1 July 1810,Louis I of Holland abdicated his throne in favour of Napoléon Louis.[6] For the nine days between his father's abdication and the fall of Holland to the advancing French army in July 1810, Napoléon Louis reigned asLodewijk II, King of Holland.[7]
When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after theBattle of Waterloo, theHouse of Bourbon was restored to the French throne.[8] Napoléon Louis fled into exile, although the Bonaparte family never abandoned hopes of restoring theNapoleonic Empire.[9]
On 23 July 1826 Napoléon Louis married his first cousin,Charlotte, the daughter ofJoseph Bonaparte, eldest brother of Napoléon I.[10] He and his younger brotherLouis-Napoléon Bonaparte settled in Italy, where they embraced liberal politics and became involved with theCarbonari, who opposed Austrian domination of northern Italy.[11]
On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy during a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian forces, Napoléon Louis, who was suffering frommeasles, died inForlì.[12] The French Empire was eventually restored by his younger brother Louis-Napoléon, who becameNapoléon III in 1852.[13]
Napoléon Louis is buried atSaint-Leu-la-Forêt,Île-de-France.[14]
.jpg)
Napoléon Louis Bonaparte Born: 11 October 1804 Died: 17 March 1831 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | King of Holland 1 July 1810 – 13 July 1810 | Vacant Title next held by William IasKing of the Netherlands |
| Preceded by | Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves 3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813 | Title abolished |
| Dutch royalty | ||
| Preceded by | Heir to the Dutch throne as Prince Royal of Holland 5 May 1807 – 1 July 1810 | Vacant Title next held by William FrederickasPrince of Orange |
| Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of the Netherlands1 (1815–present) | ||
1. See also theSovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815) and theUnited Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839). | ||
2.svg)
