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Napier88 is anorthogonally persistentprogramming language that was designed and implemented at theUniversity of St Andrews,Scotland. The primary designer wasRon Morrison, whose initial designs were extended and implemented by Fred Brown, Richard Connor, and Al Dearle. Napier88 was ahead of its time in many ways, and was the first robustly implemented language to combine apolymorphic type system withorthogonal persistence. The language was robustly implemented and released to users from both industry and academia; up to 1,000 registered users were recorded in due course. The language, however, was only intended to provide a proof of concept for an experiment in persistent programming; some time after 1989 (the year the first implementation was in fact released) the group's interests moved on and the language was no longer maintained.

Its influence lives on in various other systems however; theCORBA typeANY is distinctly recognisable in Napier88's typeANY; Microsoft'sCommon Language Runtime (CLR) uses a similar polymorphic architecture, andJava's parametric types solve some of the same problems of uninstantiated types escaping from their static scope.

Napier88 was the third of a family of languages designed and implemented by Morrison at St Andrews, following on fromS-algol andPS-algol.

• Morrison, R; Connor, RCH; Kirby, GNC; Munro, DS; Atkinson, MP; Cutts, QI; Brown, AL; Dearle, A. (1999),"The Napier88 Persistent Programming Language and Environment"(pdf), in Atkinson, MP; Welland, R (eds.),Fully Integrated Data Environments, Esprit Basic Research Series, Springer, pp. 98–154,ISBN 3-540-65772-X
• Dearle, A (1988).On the Construction of Persistent Programming Environments(PDF) (PhD). Computational Science Department, University of St. Andrews.
• Dearle, A.; Connor, R.C.H.; Brown, A.L.; Morrison, R (1989),"Napier88 - A Database Programming Language?"(pdf),Proc. 2nd International Workshop on Database Programming Languages, Salishan, Oregon, pp. 179–195{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Morrison, R; Brown, AL; Connor, RCH; Cutts, QI; Dearle, A; Kirby, GNC; Munro, DS (1996),Napier88 Reference Manual (Release 2.2.1)(PDF) (technical report), University of St Andrews
• Kirby, GNC; Brown, AL; Connor, RCH; Cutts, QI; Dearle, A; Dunstan, VS; Morrison, R; Munro, DS (1996),Napier88 Standard Library Reference Manual (Release 2.2.1)(PDF) (report), University of St Andrews
• Bushell, SJ; Dearle, A; Brown, AL; Vaughan, FA (1994),"Using C as a Compiler Target Language for Native Code Generation in Persistent Systems"(pdf), in Atkinson, MP; Maier, D; Benzaken, V (eds.),Proc. 6th International Workshop on Persistent Object Systems (POS6), Tarascon, France, Springer-Verlag, pp. 164–183

• Description of Napier88 at Univ. of St Andrew's website. Accessed June 21, 2012

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