Nanza is thePonca name for what is now calledPonca Fort. It was a fortified village built by the Ponca in the vicinity of present-dayNiobrara, Nebraska, USA, in circa 1700 and occupied until about 1865.
The site of Nanza is located at the fork where Ponca Creek meets theNiobrara River, west of the Niobrara River's entry into theMissouri River. It is located in what is nowKnox County, Nebraska, near the town ofVerdel.[1]
Nanza was a principal settlement for the Ponca and was built to protect the Ponca against theArikaras,Cheyennes orApaches. It containedearth lodges and was surrounded by severalcemeteries, probably created during disease outbreaks after European contact. Today Ponca Fort lies on private property. The site is renowned amongarchaeologists for its resemblance toMiddle Mississippianfortified towns found inOhio which date from 800 through 1550.[2]
Nanza comprises numerous earth lodge sites encircled by a protective wall perhaps six feet high. Today the fortification is still visible. Archeological excavations have determined there was originally a ditch three feet deep and ten feet wide surrounding theberm. An earth embankment supporting a postpalisade was discovered inside the ditch. Guns, hatchets, knives, beads, kettles, cloth and other European goods have been recovered from Ponca Fort, and serve as a testimony to the village's important position in the local fur trade.[3] There is also evidence of extensive trade with other tribes. Pottery, stone mauls, mealing slabs and maulers, bone knives, hoes, tubes, shaft wrenches and picks, and strip bark in rolls from as far away as the Southeastern United States.[4]
On April 3, 1973, the Ponca Fort was added to theNational Register of Historic Places.[5]
42°48′29″N98°09′49″W / 42.8081°N 98.1636°W /42.8081; -98.1636
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