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Nannayya

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
11th-century Telugu-language poet
This article is about the Telugu author. For the Mesopotamian goddess, seeNayana.

Nannayya
Nannaya as depicted on a 2017 postage stamp of India
Nannaya as depicted on a 2017 postage stamp of India
Native name
నన్నయ్య
Born
Died11th century
OccupationPoet, writer
Period11th century
GenrePoet
Literary movementBhakti movement
Notable worksAndhra Mahabharatam

Nannayya Bhattaraka orNannayya Bhattu (sometimes spelledNannaya;c. 11th century) was aTelugu poet and the author ofAndhra Mahabharatam, a Telugu retelling of theSanskrit-languageMahabharata. Nannaya is generally considered the first poet (Adi Kavi) of Telugu language.[2][3][4][1] He was patronized byRajaraja Narendra ofRajamahendravaram.[5][1][3] Rajaraja Narendra was an admirer ofMahabharata and wanted the message of the Sanskrit epic to reach the Telugu masses in their own language and idiom.[6] He commissioned Nannaya, a scholar well versed inVedas,Puranas, andItihasas for the task. Nannaya began his work inc. 1025 CE[7] and wroteAdi Parvam,Sabaparvam, and a part ofAranyaparvam.[6]

Nannaya is the first of the three Telugu poets, called theKavitrayam ("trinity of poets"), who wroteAndhra Mahabharatam. His work, which is rendered in theChampu style, is chaste and polished and of a high literary merit. The advanced and well-developed language used by Nannaya suggests that priorTelugu literature other than royal grants and decrees must have existed before him. However, these presumed works are nowlost. Legends also credit him with writing the Sanskrit-languageAndhra-shabda-chintamani, said to be the first work onTelugu grammar.

Early life

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Nannaya was born in aTelugu Brahmin family.[8] He resided inRajamahendravaram under the patronage ofEastern Chalukya kingRajaraja Narendra.[1][6]

Andhra Mahabharatam

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Rajaraja Narendra was an admirer ofMahabharata and wanted the message of the Sanskrit epic to reach the Telugu masses in their own language and idiom.[6] He commissioned Nannaya, a scholar well versed inVedas,Puranas, andItihasas for the task. Nannaya wroteAdi Parvam,Sabaparva, and a part ofAranyaparvam.[6] Later in the 13th centuryTikkana left the remainder of Aranyaparvam and wrote 15 parvams fromVirata Parvam toSvargarohana Parvam.[9] After that in the 14th centuryErrana Aranyaparva filled the remainder.[6]

Grammar

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Some legends credit Nannaya with writingAndhra-shabda-chintamani ("Magic Jewel of Telugu Words"), aSanskrit-language work that was the first treatise onTelugu grammar. Thislost work is said to have contained five chapters with 82 verses in theArya metre.[10] Nannaya is said to have written this text with help of his friend Narayana Bhatta.[11] Nannaya's grammar is said to have been divided into five chapters, covering samjnā,sandhi, ajanta,halanta andkriya.[12]

Yelakuchi Bala-sarasvati wrote a Telugu gloss (commentary) on this work, and hisBala-sarasvatiyamu refers to this legend in brief. A more elaborate version of the legend appears inAppa-kavi'sAppakavīyamu (1656). According to this version,Bhimana, who was jealous of Nannaya, stole and destroyedAndhra-shabda-chintamani by throwing it in theGodavari River. Unknown to others, KingRajaraja-narendra's son Saranga-dhara, an immortalsiddha, had memorized Nannaya's grammar. He gave a written copy of Nannaya's work to Bala-sarasvati near Matanga Hill (atVijayanagara), and Bala-sarasvati wrote a Telugu gloss (commentary) on the work. With help of the godVishnu, Appa-kavi received a copy of Nannaya's work, and wroteAppakavīyamu as a commentary on this text.Ahobala-panditiya (also known asKavi-siro-bhushana), a Sanskrit commentary onAndhra-shabda-chintamani, also retells this story.[10]

While some of the grammaticalsutras in Appa-kavi's work may be from Nannaya's time,Andhra-shabda-chintamani is an imaginary work,[10] and was probably fabricated by Bala-sarasvati himself.[13] Although Appa-kavi describes his work as a commentary, it is really an original work.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcdKnipe, David M. (2015).Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition.Oxford University Press. pp. 12, 27.ISBN 978-0-19-939768-6.
  2. ^Devadevan, Manu V. (3 December 2020).The 'Early Medieval' Origins of India.Cambridge University Press. p. 18.ISBN 978-1-108-49457-1.
  3. ^abDas, Sisir Kumar (2005).A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular.Sahitya Akademi. p. 139.ISBN 978-81-260-2171-0.
  4. ^Rao, Sonti Venkata Suryanarayana (1999).Vignettes of Telugu Literature: A Concise History of Classical Telugu Literature. Jyeshtha Literary Trust. p. 57.
  5. ^Datta, Amaresh (1987).Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Vol. 1.Sahitya Akademi. pp. 179, 984.ISBN 978-81-260-1803-1.
  6. ^abcdefDatta, Amaresh (1987).Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Vol. 1. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 172, 173.ISBN 978-81-260-1803-1.
  7. ^Johnson, W. J. (2009)."Āndhra Bhāratamu".A Dictionary of Hinduism. Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/acref/9780198610250.001.0001.ISBN 978-0-19-861025-0.
  8. ^Social Scientist Volume 23. Indian School of Social Sciences. 1995.The genre and style created by Nannayya became the standard for marga poets. Nannayya was a Brahmin and a respected Sanskrit scholar of his time in the court of King Rājarājanarendra who ruled the central Andhra deltaic region.
  9. ^Pollock, Sheldon, ed. (19 May 2003).Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia. University of California Press. pp. 393, 397.ISBN 978-0-520-22821-4.
  10. ^abcdVelcheru Narayana Rao;David Shulman, eds. (2002).Classical Telugu Poetry: An Anthology. University of California Press. pp. 230–238.ISBN 9780520344525.
  11. ^Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997).Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi. p. 538.ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
  12. ^Gopavaram, Padmapriya; Subrahmanyam, Korada (2011). "1".A Comparative Study Of Andhrashabdachintamani And Balavyakaranam. Hyderabad: University of Hyderabad.
  13. ^Sonti Venkata Suryanarayana Rao, ed. (1999).Vignettes of Telugu Literature: A Concise History of Classical Telugu Literature. Jyeshtha Literary Trust. p. 151.OCLC 49701372.
Sources
  • History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh, P. R. Rao
  • Andhrula Saanghika Charitra, Pratapareddy Suravaram
  • Andhra Vagmaya Charitramu, Dr. Venkatavadhani Divakarla
  • Andhra Pradesh Darshini, Parts 1 and 2, Chief Editor Y. V. Krishnarao

External links

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