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Namurian

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Third stage of the Carboniferous

System	Series (NW Europe)	Stage (NW Europe)	Sub-system (ICS)	Stage (ICS)	Age (Ma)
Permian					younger
Carboniferous	Silesian	Stephanian	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9–303.7
		Stephanian		Kasimovian	303.7–307.0
		Westphalian		Moscovian	307.0–315.2
		Westphalian		Bashkirian	315.2–323.4
		Namurian		Bashkirian	315.2–323.4
		Namurian	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.4–330.3
	Dinantian	Visean		Visean	330.3–346.7
	Dinantian	Tournaisian		Tournaisian	346.7–358.9
Devonian					older
Subdivisions of the Carboniferous system in Europe compared with the officialICS-stages (as of 2024)

TheNamurian is astage in the regionalstratigraphy of northwest Europe, with an age between roughly 331 and 319Ma (million years ago). It is a subdivision of theCarboniferous system orperiod, as well as the regionalSilesian series. The Namurian is named for theBelgian city and province ofNamur where strata of this age occur (part of theBelgian Coal Measures). TheMillstone Grit Group in thelithostratigraphy of northernEngland and parts ofWales is also of Namurian age.

The Namurian age lasted from 331 to 319 million years ago. It is preceded by theVisean stage/age (which corresponds to the upperCarboniferous Limestone of Great Britain) and succeeded by theWestphalian stage/age (which corresponds to the lower and middleCoal Measures of Great Britain).

In the officialgeologic timescale of theInternational Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), the Namurian straddles the boundary between theMississippian subperiod (359-323 Ma) and thePennsylvanian subperiod (323-299 Ma).^[1] The upper part of the (regionally defined) Namurian stage corresponds to the (internationally used)Bashkirian stage whilst the lower part is assigned to the precedingSerpukhovian stage.^[1] Frequent references appear in scientific literature to a Namurian epoch or Namurianseries, reflecting the stage's earlier status.

Stratigraphy

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Substages, from youngest to oldest:^[2]^[1]

Yeadonian
Marsdenian
Kinderscoutian
Alportian
Chokierian
Arnsbergian
Pendleian

The boundary between the global Serpukhovian and Bashkirian stages (and thus the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian subperiods) occurs within the Chokierian substage.^[2]^[1]

References

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^^a ^b ^c ^dAretz, M.; Herbig, H.G.; Wang, X.D.; Gradstein, F.M.; Agterberg, F.P.; Ogg, J.G. (2020),"The Carboniferous Period",Geologic Time Scale 2020, Elsevier, pp. 811–874,doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824360-2.00023-1,ISBN 978-0-12-824360-2{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
^^a ^bWaters, C.N. (2011-07-13), Waters, C.N.; Somerville, I.D.; Jones, N.S.; Cleal, C.J. (eds.),"Definitions of chronostratigraphic subdivisions: geochronology and event stratigraphy",A Revised Correlation of Carboniferous Rocks in the British Isles (First ed.), The Geological Society of London, pp. 3–10,doi:10.1144/sr26.2,ISBN 978-1-86239-694-4{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)

Geological history of Earth

Cenozoic Era
(present–66.0 Ma)

Quaternary(present–2.58 Ma)	Holocene (present–11.7 ka) Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
Neogene(2.58–23.0 Ma)	Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma) Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
Paleogene(23.0–66.0 Ma)	Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma) Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma) Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)

Mesozoic Era
(66.0–252 Ma)

Cretaceous(66.0–145 Ma)	Late (66.0–100 Ma) Early (100–145 Ma)
Jurassic(145–201 Ma)	Late (145–164 Ma) Middle (164–174 Ma) Early (174–201 Ma)
Triassic(201–252 Ma)	Late (201–237 Ma) Middle (237–247 Ma) Early (247–252 Ma)

Paleozoic Era
(252–539 Ma)

Permian(252–299 Ma)	Lopingian (252–260 Ma) Guadalupian (260–272 Ma) Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
Carboniferous(299–359 Ma)	Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma) Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
Devonian(359–419 Ma)	Late (359–383 Ma) Middle (383–393 Ma) Early (393–419 Ma)
Silurian(419–444 Ma)	Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
Ordovician(444–485 Ma)	Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470 Ma) Early (470–485 Ma)
Cambrian(485–539 Ma)	Furongian (485–497 Ma) Miaolingian (497–509 Ma) Series 2 (509–521 Ma) Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)

Proterozoic Eon
(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)

Neoproterozoic(539 Ma–1 Ga)	Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
Mesoproterozoic(1–1.6 Ga)	Stenian (1–1.2 Ga) Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga) Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
Paleoproterozoic(1.6–2.5 Ga)	Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)