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Name conflicts in astronomy

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There are several real or apparent name conflicts between differentSolar System bodies, despite efforts to give every named body a distinct name. Most of these conflicts are betweenasteroids andnatural satellites of planets, which are named according to different but partially overlapping schemes. Most satellites are named after people and divinities inGreek andRoman mythology; this is rarely true of asteroids currently, with the exception ofcentaurs andJupiter trojans, but formerly many asteroids had mythological names, which consequently came into conflict with the names of natural satellites. Some Solar System bodies also share names withstars,exoplanets orconstellations.

Bodies with identical names and referents

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Some of these bodies have exactly the same name, referring to the same mythological character. The earliest such conflicts possibly arose through not considering certain mythological names as "official"; for instance, the namesIo,Europa,Ganymede andCallisto for theGalilean satellites of Jupiter were not used in astronomical literature of a certain era, their place being taken byJupiter I, Jupiter II, Jupiter III, Jupiter IV (cf.Naming of moons).

Moon named first

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In the earliest of these conflicts, the natural satellite was named first, and the conflict arose with the naming of an asteroid. These conflicts span the period 1858–1906.

Asteroid named first

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Later conflicts arose in relatively recent times from giving newly discovered satellites the same names as those of asteroids. By this time, it was possibly felt that the true name of an asteroid such as "38 Leda" included its minor planet number, and so re-using the name for a satellite did not really create a conflict. These conflicts span the period 1975–2001, though some conflicts of this type had arisen earlier with some names used unofficially.

Conflicts with extrasolar bodies

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Conflicts with disproven bodies

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  • 24 Themis, discovered 1853 andThemis, named 1905. The latter Themis was a supposed moon of Saturn that turned out not to exist.

Comets

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By convention comets are named after their discoverers, so multiple comets often have the same name; they are differentiated by numerical designations. Comets can also share names with asteroids, for exampleHalley's Comet and2688 Halley, both named afterEdmond Halley.

Bodies with identical names and different referents

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Some bodies have names of identical form, but were actually named for different persons or things.

  • 218 Bianca, discovered 1880, was named after opera singer Bianca Bianchi andBianca, a moon of Uranus, discovered 1986, was named after a Shakespeare character.
  • 1162 Larissa, discovered 1930, was named for the Thessalian townLarissa andLarissa, a moon of Neptune, discovered 1981, was named after the nymphLarissa.

Conflicts with extrasolar bodies

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Conflicts with constellations

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Bodies with similar names and the same referent

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Some objects have names that refer to the same mythological character, but slight variations in spelling prevent there from being a technical conflict.

Moon named first

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  • Callisto, a moon of Jupiter, named 1614 and204 Kallisto, discovered 1879, both variant transliterations of the name of thenymphCallisto.
  • Ganymede, a moon of Jupiter, named 1614 and1036 Ganymed, discovered 1924, both named forZeus' cupbearer. The name in Latin isGanymedes, of whichGanymede is an English form andGanymed a German one. The names are therefore in full conflict in German.

Asteroid named first

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Both moons

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  • Herse, a moon of Jupiter discovered 2003, andErsa, a moon of Jupiter discovered 2018, both named after the goddessErsa (the Greek goddess of dew).

Both asteroids

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Conflicts with extrasolar bodies

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Bodies with similar names and different referents

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Bodies with different names and the same referent

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Several bodies have completely distinct names, but may be confused because their names refer to the same thing or the same mythological character. This is usually true when one name is Latin and another Greek, and causes special confusion inGreek, where the Greek forms of all mythological names are used in preference to the Latin names.

Conflicts with non-minor or Solar System bodies

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Some of the conflicts are with planets and satellites, or other astronomical objects with long-established names.

Conflicts among asteroids

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Other conflicts occurred between asteroids discovered earlier and those discovered later.

Conflicts with extrasolar bodies

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See also

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References

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  1. ^abcdefg"MPC/MPO/MPS Archive".Minor Planet Center.
  2. ^abcde"Naming of exoplanets".IAU. Archived fromthe original on 28 February 2025. Retrieved1 August 2023.
  3. ^ab"IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved22 February 2025.
  4. ^"Naming of exoplanets".IAU. Archived fromthe original on 28 February 2025. Retrieved1 August 2023.
  5. ^"Uranus, Neptune and Pluto".
  6. ^"(14566) Hōkūleʻa = 1998 MY7".Minor Planet Center. Retrieved12 November 2025.
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