Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Namarupa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article includes a list ofgeneral references, butit lacks sufficient correspondinginline citations. Please help toimprove this article byintroducing more precise citations.(September 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Used in Buddhism to refer to constituent processes of the human being
Translations of
Nāmarūpa
SanskritNāmarūpa
Burmeseနာမရူပ
(MLCTS:nàma̰jùpa̰)
Chinese名色
(Pinyin:míngsè)
Japanese名色
(Rōmaji:myōshiki)
Korean명색
(RR:myeongsaek)
Sinhalaනාමරූප
Tibetanཎམརུཔ་ ming.gzugs
Tagalognamalupa
Thaiนามรูป
(RTGSnammarup)
Vietnamesedanh sắc
Glossary of Buddhism

Nāmarūpa (Sanskrit:नामरूप) is used in Buddhism to refer to the constituents of a living being:nāma is typically considered to refer to the mental component of the person, whilerūpa refers to the physical. Most often found as a single compound word understood literally as name-and-form or named form.

Nāmarūpa is advandva compound inSanskrit andPali meaning "name (nāma) and form (rūpa)".

Nama (name) andRupa (form) is the simple worldly identity of any form by a name both of which are considered temporal and not true identity with the nameless and formless ‘reality’ or ‘Absolute’ in Hinduism that has manifested as maya. In Buddhism the loss of all names and forms (conception of distinct concepts) leads to the realization of the Ultimate reality of ‘Shunyatha’ or ‘Emptiness’ or Nirvana “Naked Truth” removed of Maya.

In Buddhism

[edit]
 The 12 Nidānas: 
Ignorance
Formations
Consciousness
Name & Form
Six Sense Bases
Contact
Feeling
Craving
Clinging
Becoming
Birth
Old Age & Death
 
Main article:Skandha

This term is used in Buddhism to refer to the constituents of a living being:nāma refers to the mental, whilerūpa refers to the physical. The Buddhistnāma andrūpa are mutually dependent, and not separable; asnāmarūpa, they designate an individual being (or distinct things).[a] Namarupa are also referred to as thefive skandhas, "the psycho-physical organism", “mind-and-matter,” and “mentality-and-materiality”.

Psycho-physical constituents

[edit]

In thePali Canon, theBuddha describesnāmarūpa in this manner (English on left,Pali on right):

"And what [monks] is name-&-form?Feeling,perception,intention,contact, &attention: This is called name. The fourgreat elements, and the form dependent on the four great elements: This is calledform. This name & this form are, [monks], called name-&-form."[1]

Katamañcabhikkhave nāmarūpaṃ?Vedanāsaññācetanāphassomanasikāro, idaṃ vuccati nāmaṃ. Cattāro camahābhūtā, catunnaṃ ca mahābhūtānaṃ upādāyarūpaṃ, idaṃ vuccatirūpaṃ. Iti idañca nāmaṃ, idañca rūpaṃ, idaṃ vuccati bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṃ.[2]

Elsewhere in thePali Canon,nāmarūpa is used synonymously with the fiveaggregates.[3] or as the process of perception[4] in modern interpretation.

Empty of self

[edit]

In keeping with the doctrine ofanātman/anatta, "the absence of an (enduring, essential) self",nāma andrūpa are held to be constantly in a state of flux, with only the continuity of experience (itself a product ofdependent origination) providing an experience of any sort of conventional 'self'.

Part of the cycle of suffering

[edit]

Nāmarūpa is the fourth of theTwelve Nidānas, preceded by consciousness (Pali:viññāna; Skt.:vijñana) and followed by the six sense bases (Pali:saḷāyatana; Skt:ṣaḍāyatana). Thus, in theSutta Nipata, the Buddha explains to the Ven. Ajita howsamsaricrebirth ceases:

[Ven. Ajita:]
...name & form, dear sir:
Tell me, when asked this,
where are they brought to a halt?

[The Buddha:]
This question you've asked, Ajita,
I'll answer it for you —
where name & form
are brought to a halt
without trace:
With the cessation of consciousness
they're brought
to a halt.[5][b]

In Hinduism

[edit]
Further information:Hiranyagarbha andNamarupa-vyakarana

The termnāmarūpa is used inHindu thought,nāma describing the spiritual or essential properties of an object or being, andrūpa the physical presence that it manifests. These terms are used similarly to the way that 'essence' and 'accident' are used inCatholictheology to describetransubstantiation. The distinction between nāma and rūpa in Hindu thought explains the ability of spiritual powers to manifest through inadequate or inanimate vessels - as observed in possession and oracular phenomena, as well as in the presence of the divine in images that are worshiped throughpūja.

Nāma Rupatmak Vishva is the Vedanta (a school ofSanatana Dharma/Hinduism) term for the manifest Universe, viz. The World as we know it. Since every object in this World has a Nāma and Rupa, the World is called Nāma Rupatmak Vishva. The Paramātma (or Creator) is not manifest in this Nāma Rupatmak Vishva but is realized by a Sādhaka(student) by means ofBhakti (devotion),Karma (action),Jnana (knowledge),Yoga (Union, a Hindu school), or acombination of all of these methodologies.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^For example, Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 350,entry for "Nāma" (retrieved 2007-06-20), states:
    "nāma as metaphysical term is opposed to rūpa, & comprises the 4 immaterial factors of an individual (arūpino khandhā, viz. vedanā saññā sankhāra viññāṇa...). These as the noëtic principle comb[ine]d with the material principle make up the individual as it is distinguished by 'name & body' from other individuals. Thus nāmarūpa= individuality, individual being. These two are inseparable...."
  2. ^Thanissaro (1994).Archived 2014-12-26 at theWayback Machine In explaining this specific exchange between Ven. Ajita and the Buddha,Ireland (1983, 1994),n. 2Archived 2014-08-12 at theWayback Machine states:
    This question and answer refers to the doctrine of dependent-arising (paticca-samuppada). Where rebirth-consciousness (pati-sandhi-vinnana) does not arise there is no establishment of an individual (mind-and-body,namarupa) in a realm of existence, nor the consequent appearance ofold age and death and the othersufferings inherent in life.

References

[edit]
  1. ^FromSN 12.2(Thanissaro, 1997).
  2. ^SLTP (n.d.), 1.1.2,Vibhańgasuttaṃ.
  3. ^Rhys Davids & Stede,op cit
  4. ^Ven. Dr. Punnaji, 2017
  5. ^Specific location of these verses: Sn V.1,Parayanavagga, "The Questions of Ajita," verses 1036-1037

Bibliography

[edit]
Preceded byTwelve Nidānas
Nāmarūpa
Succeeded by
   Topics inBuddhism   
Foundations
The Buddha
Bodhisattvas
Disciples
Key concepts
Cosmology
Branches
Practices
Nirvana
Monasticism
Major figures
Texts
Countries
History
Philosophy
Culture
Miscellaneous
Comparison
Lists
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namarupa&oldid=1270200933"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp