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Nalca language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Language of Highland Papua, Indonesia
Nalca
Mek Nalca, Hmanggona
Native toHighland PapuaIndonesia
Native speakers
16,000 (2013)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3nlc
Glottolognalc1240

Nalca (Naltya, Naltje) is aPapuan language spoken inYahukimo Regency,Highland Papua,Indonesia. Alternative names are Hmanggona, Hmonono, Kimnyal (Kimyal). The latter is most often used forKorupun-Sela. IndonesianKemendikbud classified Nalca asMek Nalca, whileKimyal is used for Korupun-Sela.[2]

History

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The Nalca language was an unwritten language until missionaries from the USA entered the area in the early 1960s. A literacy program was developed, and many people in the Nalca language group learned to read. Roger Doriot from the USA learned the language and completed the translation of theNew Testament of theBible in 2000.

Classification

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Nalca belongs to the Western branch of theMek languages, which is a family of closely related languages belonging to the larger grouping ofTrans-New Guinea languages.[3]

Geographic distribution

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The Nalca language is spoken by about 18,000 people inYahukimo Regency, Highland Papua.[4]

Phonology

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Consonants

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Nalca has 15 phonemic consonants:[5]

Consonant phonemes
 BilabialAlveolarPalatalVelarLaryngeal
Plosivebd  ɡʔ 
Fricative  s     h 
Nasal m n   ŋ  
Tap or flap   ɾ      
Approximant w   j    
  • /tʰ/ only occurs in loanwords and names.

Vowels

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Nalca has five phonemic vowels:[5]

Monophthong phonemes
 FrontCentralBack
Closei u
Close-mide o
Open-midɛ ɔ
Open a 

Grammar

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Morphology

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Nalca is a generally isolating language, but exhibits an elaborate system of agglutination in verb formation.

Syntax

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The usual word order of Nalca issubject-object-verb (SOV).

References

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  1. ^Nalca atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^"Bahasa Kimyal".petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id. Retrieved2 March 2023.
  3. ^Suter, Edgar (2021-09-01)."The subject inflections of the Mek languages: a comparative reconstruction"(PDF).NUSA.71.doi:10.15026/116867.ISSN 0126-2874. Retrieved2024-07-02.
  4. ^Project, Joshua."Nalca language resources".Joshua Project. Retrieved2024-08-30.
  5. ^abRule, Rule & Cutting 1972.
  • Rule, W. M.; Rule, J. E.; Cutting, R. (1972).Hmanggona Language of the Naltja Area. Irian Barat (A member of the Goliath Family of languages, previously called Kimjal by Mr S. Sadlier). Naltja; Statement of the Alphabet & Grammar.
Eastern
Northern
Western


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