| Nakota / Nakoda // Îyârhe[1] "ally / friend" // "mountain" | |
|---|---|
| Person | Îyethka[2] |
| People | Îyethkabi (Îyethka Oyade) |
| Language | Îyethka Îabi / wîchoîe Îyethka Wowîhâ[3] |
| Country | Îyethka Makóce |
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TheNakoda (also known asStoney,Îyârhe Nakoda, orStoney Nakoda) are anIndigenous people inWestern Canada and theUnited States.
Their territory used to be large parts of what is nowAlberta,Saskatchewan, andMontana,[4] but their reserves are now in Alberta and in Saskatchewan, where they are rarely differentiated from theAssiniboine.
They refer to themselves intheir language asNakoda, meaning 'friend, ally'. The nameStoney was given to them by Anglophone explorers, because of their technique of using fire-heated rocks to boil broth in rawhide bowls.[citation needed] They are very closely related to the Assiniboine, who are also known as Stone Sioux (fromOjibwe:asinii-bwaan).
The Nakoda First Nation in Alberta comprisesthree bands: Bearspaw, Chiniki, and Goodstoney.[5]
The Stoney were "excluded" fromBanff National Park between 1890 and 1920.[6] In 2010 they were officially "welcomed back".[7]
The Nakoda are descendants of individual bands of the Assiniboine, from whom they spun out as an independent group in about 1744.[citation needed] The Nakoda was divided geographically and culturally into two tribal groups or divisions with different dialects, which in turn were further divided into several bands:[8][9]
Wood Stoney (Chan Tonga Nakoda – 'Big Woods People', often calledSwampy Ground Assiniboine, northern tribal group)
Mountain Stoney (Ye Xa Yabine Nakoda orHebina – 'Rock Mountain People', often calledStrong Wood Assiniboine,Thickwood Assiniboine, southern tribal group)
Members of the Nakoda nations ofPaul andAlexis signed an adhesion toTreaty 6 in 1877.
In 1877, representatives of the Nakoda Nations of Bearspaw, Chiniki, and Goodstoney met with representatives of theBritish Crown to discuss the terms ofTreaty 7.[10] In exchange for the use of traditional lands, the Crown agreed to honour their right to self-government and an ancestral way of life. They were also promisedreserve lands, 279 km2 situated along theBow River between theKananaskis River and the Ghost River, which became theBig Horn,Stoney, andEden Valley reserves, shared between the Bearspaw, Chiniki, and Goodstoney tribes.
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