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Naji Shawkat | |
|---|---|
ناجي شوكت | |
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| Prime Minister of Iraq | |
| In office 3 November 1932 – 20 March 1933 | |
| Monarch | Faisal I |
| Preceded by | Nuri as-Said |
| Succeeded by | Rashid Ali al-Gaylani |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 26 May 1891 Kut,Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 11 May 1980 (aged 88) Baghdad, Iraq |
| Relatives | Saib Shawkat (brother) |
Muhammad Naji ShawkatBey (Arabic:ناجي شوكت) (May 26,[citation needed] 1891 – May 11,[citation needed] 1980) was an Iraqi politician who served as theprime minister of Iraq under KingFaisal I.[1]
Muhammad Naji Shawkat was born to an Arabized family ofGeorgian[2] origins in the Iraqi town ofal-Kut where his father was stationed as provincial governor. He had three brothers: Saaib, Sami and Rifat and a sister. Concurrent with Naji's conclusion of his school education inBaghdad, his father was elected to theOttoman parliament of 1909, thereby providing him with the opportunity to join the Ottoman Law School inIstanbul.[1]
Naji Shawkat was the assistant general prosecutor in the Iraqi city of al-Hila whenWorld War I broke out, upon which he interrupted his legal career and joined theOttoman Army as a reserve officer. After two years of involvement in theOttoman military defense of Iraq, Shawkat was captured by the advancing British troops in March 1917.[1] He was subsequently taken to a British Indian prison camp where he, like many other detainedArabOttoman officers, was offered the choice of joining theArab Revolt, an offer he promptly accepted.
The Ministry of Naji Shawkat consisted of the following ministers:[3]
In 1932, Shawkat was called on by Faisal to head a non-partisan government that was intended to clear the political congestion which accompanied the signing of theAnglo-Iraqi treaty. Faced with strong opposition from within the Iraqi political establishment and the anti-treaty campaign, Shawkat's government lasted only five months. Thereafter, he was appointed as representative of Iraq inAnkara where he cultivated strong relations with the Turkish ruling circles and developed a sense of admiration for modern Turkey.
Afterwards, Shawkat worked as a minister in Ankara. During the1941 Iraqi coup d'état, he was appointed at the Minister of Interior. Following the fall of the regime in theAnglo-Iraqi War, Shawkat fled to Iran, then to South Africa. He was later brought to trial in Iraq and sentenced to 15 years in prison for treason by a military court. Shawkat was pardoned in 1948.[4]
| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | Prime Minister of Iraq November 3, 1932 — March 20, 1933 | Succeeded by |
| Mandatory Iraq (1920–1932) |
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| Kingdom of Iraq (1932–1958) |
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| First Republic of Iraq (1958–1968) |
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| Ba'athist Iraq (1968–2003) |
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| Iraqi Governing Council (2003–2004) |
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| Republic of Iraq (since 2004) |
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| International | |
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| National | |
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