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Anail salon ornail bar is a specialtybeauty salon establishment that primarily offers nail care services such asmanicures,pedicures, and nail enhancements. Often, nail salons also offerskin care services. Manicures are also offered by general beauty salons, spas, and hotels. People who work at nail salons are usually called nail technicians, manicurists, or nailists.[citation needed]
Nail salons offer a variety of options for nail care, examples of which include acrylics, silk or fiberglass wraps, French manicures, polish, and pedicures. Some nail salons offer one-stop beauty services. In addition to nail services, one-stop nail salons offer facial treatments, waxing, and skin care.
Generally, those working in nail salons are referred to as nail technicians. In some areas throughout theUnited States, nail technicians must hold formal, state-recognized qualifications in order to be able to work at nail salons. Certifications must come from state board.
Nail salons offer the following services:
Nail salon wages and working conditions in New York City, a major center for nail salons in North America, are poor. In May 2015, an investigation by theNew York State Department of Labor, which had been tipped off by aNew York Times investigation, had been productive but was incomplete.[1]
There is some evidence to suggest that nail salon workers are subjected to potentially unjust, hazardous working conditions.[2] In surveys conducted on Vietnamese-American nail salon workers, many responses suggested that the work environment may cause negative health consequences. According toStandard 62-1989: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Quality of theAmerican Society for Heating, Refrigeration, Air Conditioning Engineers, adequate supply of outdoor air should be about 20 cubic feet per minute per occupant. This necessitates multiple pathways for air to enter and exit the room. Such pathways include, but are not limited to, windows and doors. The study revealed that one-third of the surveyed nail salons had only one single door for ventilation with no secondary air pathway.[3]
Due to the nature of salon work, many nail technicians are required to wear masks and gloves. Other surveys conducted on similar worker populations revealed that 90% of workers wore masks and 70% wore gloves to work.[4]
Nail technicians use beauty products like nail polish, nail polish removers, artificial nails, adhesives, and disinfectants throughout the day. Compared to the average individual, they are exposed to the chemical ingredients the products contain on a much higher magnitude. Some of the more potent chemicals aretoluene,formaldehyde,ethyl methacrylate (EMA),[5] anddibutyl phthalate (DBP).[6] Organizations and coalitions, such as theNational Healthy Nail and Beauty Salon Alliance, address worker rights and exposure concerns faced by nail technicians. These movements provide platforms for conversation regardingoccupational safety and health, which is a part ofenvironmental justice.
Some solvents used, such as acetone and ethyl acetate, are very flammable and should not be used near any flame.
The nail salon industry in the United States consists mostly of immigrant-owned small businesses that face not only cultural/linguistic barriers but alsoworkplace hazards such as chemical and challenging work postures.[7] Organizations such as theOccupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have shed light on the risks of working in this industry in recent years with recommended workplace health practices available online. These range from protective factors such as use of masks or improving ventilation to the substitution of certain products. The nail industry is complex with multiple products entering the market.[8]
Much of the current research available focuses on thechemical exposures and toxicological impacts on workers with few studies touching on the concern relating toergonomics.[9] Nail salon workers often report increased musculoskeletal symptoms such as neck, hand/wrist, lower back, and shoulder pain.[10] Workplace factors can contribute to these symptoms such as poor body mechanics, repetitive movement, and work equipment. The repetitive and prolonged nature of nail salon work can lead to overuse and strain which may result in inflammation related injuries that are self-limiting. There is a lack of consistency in ergonomic training and knowledge of ergonomic hazards varies among workers in this industry.[11] Some workers take pain relievers, practice yoga, stretch, walk/stand between clients, and/or adjust their posture during their work with customers.[12] Other examples which are particular toengineering controls are nonadjustable worktables and the low position of a customer's feet when they sit in the pedicure chair can pose an ergonomic hazard, where the worker has to often bend their neck and hunch back forward.11
They come in usually with breathing problems, some symptoms similar to an allergy, and also asthma symptoms — they cannot breathe," he said during a break between patients this winter. "Judging from the symptoms with these women, it seems that they are either smokers, secondhand smokers or asthma patients, but they are none of the above. They work for nail salons.
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