LPC (Low Pin Count) is a family of 32-bitmicrocontrollerintegrated circuits byNXP Semiconductors (formerly Philips Semiconductors).[1] The LPC chips are grouped into related series that are based around the same32-bitARM processor core, such as theCortex-M4F,Cortex-M3,Cortex-M0+, orCortex-M0. Internally, each microcontroller consists of the processor core,static RAM memory,flash memory, debugging interface, and various peripherals. The earliest LPC series were based on the Intel 8-bit80C51 core.[2] As of February 2011, NXP had shipped over one billionARM processor-based chips.[3]
NXP LPC1114 in 33-pinHVQFN package and LPC1343 in 48-pinLQFP package.
All recentLPC families are based on ARM cores, whichNXP Semiconductors licenses fromARM Holdings, then adds their own peripherals before converting the design into a silicon die. NXP is the only vendor shipping anARM Cortex-M core in adual in-line package:LPC810 in DIP8 (0.3-inch width) andLPC1114 in DIP28 (0.6-inch width). The following tables summarize the NXP LPC microcontroller families.
In 1982, Philips Semiconductors invented theI²C-bus, and is currently the top supplier of I²C solutions in the world.[11]
In January 2005, Philips Semiconductors launched the PNX4008 'Nexperia™ Mobile Multimedia Processor', featuring anARM9 processor and includingPowerVR MBX graphics IP fromImagination Technologies.
In February 2005, Philips Semiconductors announces the LPC3000ARM9 series, based on theNexperia platform.[12]
In September 2006,Philips Semiconductors was spun off to a consortium ofprivate equity investors and changed its name toNXP.[1] As part of this spin off, NXP acquired the older Philips LPC microcontroller families.
In September 2006, NXP announced the LPC2300 and LPC2400ARM7 series.[13]
In September 2007, NXP announced the LPC2900 series.[14]
In March 2008, NXP announced the LPC3200ARM9 series.[16]
In October 2008, NXP announced the LPC1700 series.[17]
In February 2009, NXP announced the licensing of theARM Cortex-M0 core from ARM Holdings.[18]
In May 2009, NXP announced the LPC1300 series.[19]
In January 2010, NXP launched the LPCXpresso Toolchain for NXP ARM processors.[20]
In February 2010, NXP announced the licensing of theARM Cortex-M4F core from ARM Holdings.[21]
In April 2010, NXP announced the LPC1102, the world’s smallest ARM microcontroller at 2.17 mm x 2.32 mm size.[22]
In September 2010, NXP announced the LPC1800 series.[23]
In February 2011, NXP announced the LPC1200 series.[24]
In April 2011, NXP announced the LPC11U00 series withUSB.[25]
In September 2011, NXP announced the LPC11D00 series with aLCD controller.[26]
In December 2011, NXP announced the LPC4300 series, the first dual-core chip with an ARM Cortex-M4F and ARM Cortex-M0.[27]
In February 2012, NXP announced the LPC1100LV series with dual supply voltage to allow interfacing to both 1.8 V and 3.3 V peripherals.[28]
In March 2012, NXP announced the LPC1100XL series for extra low-power and LPC11E00 series withEEPROM.[29]
In March 2012, NXP announced the licensing of theARM Cortex-M0+ core from ARM Holdings.[30]
In March 2012, NXP introduced a "longevity program" to promise availability of IC chips from select ARM families for 10 or more years.[31]
In March 2012, NXP announced the LPC11A00 series with flexible analog subsystem.[32]
In April 2012, NXP announced the LPC11C00 series with aCAN bus controller.[33]
In September 2012, NXP announced the LPC4000 series based on ARM Cortex-M4F.[34]
In November 2012, NXP announced the LPC800 series based on the ARM Cortex-M0+ core, and the firstARM Cortex-M in a DIP8 package.[35]
In April 2013, NXP announced theLPC-Link 2 JTAG / SWD debug adapter. Multiple firmware versions are available to emulate popular debug adapters.[36][37]
In May 2013, NXP announced that it acquiredCode Red Technologies, an embedded software development tools provider, such as the LPCXpresso IDE and Red Suite.[38][39]
In October 2013, NXP announced the LPC4370 microcontroller.[40]
In December 2013, NXP announced the LPC11E37H and the LPC11U37H microcontrollers.[41]
In January 2017, NXP announced LPC54000 MCU series along with a refresh of the LPC800 series.[42]
The LPC4300 series have two or three ARM cores, oneARM Cortex-M4F and one or twoARM Cortex-M0. The LPC4350 chips are pin-compatible with theLPC1850 chips. TheLPC4330-Xplorer development board is available from NXP. The summary for this series is:[27][44][45]
Debug interface isJTAG orSWD with SWO "Serial Trace", eight breakpoints and four watch points. JTAG supports both cores, but SWD only supports Cortex-M4F core.
Memory:
Static RAM sizes of 104 / 136 / 168 / 200 / 264 KB.
ROM size of 64 KB, which contains a boot loader with optional booting from USART0 / USART3, USB0 / USB1, SPI Flash, Quad SPI Flash, external 8 / 16/ 32-bit NOR flash. The ROM also contains an API for in-system programming, in-application programming, OTP programming, USB device stack for HID / MSC / DFU.
Each chip has a factory-programmed 128-bit unique device identifier number.
Peripherals:
fourUART, twoI²C, oneSPI, twoCAN, none / one / two high-speed USB 2.0 Host/Device controller (one is OTG capable), none or one Ethernet controller, none or one LCD controller, interface forSDRAM, and more.
Oscillators consists of optional external 1 to 25 MHz crystal or oscillator, external 32.768 kHz crystal for RTC, internal 12 MHz oscillator, and three internal PLLs for CPU / USB / Audio.
The LPC4000 series are based on the singleARM Cortex-M4F processor core. The LPC408x chips are pin-compatible with theLPC178x chips. The summary for this series is:[34][46]
Each chip has a factory-programmed 128-bit unique device identifier number.
Peripherals:
four or fiveUART, threeI²C, one high-speed USB 2.0 Device controller or Host / Device / OTG controller, none or one Ethernet controller, none or one LCD controller, and more.
Oscillators consists of optional external 1 to 25 MHz crystal or oscillator, external 32.768 kHz crystal for RTC, internal 12 MHz oscillator, and two internal PLLs for CPU and USB.
LPC2000 is a series based on a 1.8-voltARM7TDMI-S core operating at up to 80 MHz together with a variety of peripherals including serial interfaces, 10-bitADC/DAC, timers, capture compare,PWM,USB interface, and external bus options.Flash memory ranges from 32kB to 512 kB;RAM ranges from 4 kB to 96 kB.[citation needed]
NXP has two related series without the LPC name, the LH7 series are based on the ARM7TDMI-S and ARM720T cores,[54] and the LH7A series are based on the ARM9TDMI core.[55]
The LPC2300 series are based on theARM7TDMI-S processor core.[13][58] The LPC2364/66/68 and the LPC2378 are full-speed USB 2.0 devices with 2 CAN interfaces and 10/100 Ethernet MAC inLQFP100 and LQFP144 packages. Multiple peripherals are supported including a 10-bit 8-channel ADC and a 10-bit DAC.[citation needed]
The LPC2100 series are based on theARM7TDMI-S processor core.[60] The LPC2141, LPC2142, LPC2144, LPC2146, and LPC2148 are full-speed USB 2.0 devices inLQFP64 packages. Multiple peripherals are supported including one or two 10-bit ADCs and an optional 10-bit DAC.[citation needed]
The NXP LPC1000 family consists of six series ofmicrocontrollers: LPC1800, LPC1700, LPC1500, LPC1300, LPC1200, LPC1100. The LPC1800, LPC1700, LPC1500, LPC1300 series are based on theCortex-M3 ARM processor core.[61] The LPC1200 and LPC1100 are based on theCortex-M0 ARM processor core.[62]
The NXP LPC1800-series are based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core.[23][63] The LPC1850 is pin-compatible with theLPC4350 parts. The available packages areTBGA100,LQFP144,BGA180, LQFP208, BGA256. TheLPC4330-Xplorer development board is available from NXP.
TheApple M7 andM8 motion co-processor chips are most likely based on the LPC1800 series, as LPC18A1 and LPC18B1.
The NXP LPC1700-series are based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core.[17][64] The LPC178x is pin-compatible with theLPC408x parts. The available packages areLQFP80, LQFP100,TFBGA100, LQFP144, TFBGA180, LQFP208, TFBGA208. TheLPC1769-LPCXpresso development board is available from NXP. Thembed LPC1768 board is also available. With EmCrafts LPC-LNX-EVB a LPC1788 based board withμClinux is available.[65]
The NXP LPC1500-series are based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core.[66] The available packages areLQFP48, LQFP64, LQFP100. TheLPC1549-LPCXpresso development board is available from NXP along with a motor control kit.
The NXP LPC1300-series are based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core.[19][67] The available packages areHVQFN33,LQFP48, LQFP64. TheLPC1343-LPCXpresso and LPC1347-LPCXpresso development board are available from NXP.
The NXP LPC1200-family are based on the ARM Cortex-M0 core. It consists of 2 series: LPC1200, LPC12D00.[24][68][69] The available packages areLQFP48, LQFP64, LQFP100. TheLPC1227-LPCXpresso development board is available from NXP.
The NXP LPC1100-family are based on the ARM Cortex-M0 core. It consists of 8 series: LPC1100 Miniature, LPC1100(X)L, LPC1100LV, LPC11A00, LPC11C00, LPC11D00, LPC11E00, LPC11U00.
The LPC1100 series primarily targets an ultra tiny footprint. The available package isWLCSP16 (2.17 mm x 2.32 mm).[22][70] TheLPC1104-LPCXpresso development board is available from NXP.
The LPC1100(X)L-series consists of three subseries: LPC111x, LPC111xL, and LPC111xXL. The LPC111xL and LPC111xXL include the power profiles, a windowed watchdog timer, and a configurable open-drain mode. The LPC1110XL adds a Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) and 256-byte page flash erase function. TheLPC1114-LPCXpresso and LPC1115-LPCXpresso development board are available from NXP. The summary for these series are:[29][71]
Each chip has a factory-programmed 128-bit unique device identifier number.
Peripherals:
LPC111x has oneUART, oneI²C, one or twoSPI, two 16-bit timers, two 32-bit timers, watch dog timer, five to eight multiplexed 10-bit ADC, 14 to 42 GPIO.
LPC111xL consists of LPC111x features, plus low power profile in active and sleep modes, internal pull-up resistors to pull-up pins to full VDD level, programmable pseudo open-drain mode for GPIO pins, upgraded to windowed watch dog timer with clock source lock capability.
LPC111xXL consists of LPC1110L features, plus flash page erase In-Application Programming (IAP) function, timers / UART / SSP peripherals available on more pins, one capture feature added to each timer, capture-clear feature on 16-bit and 32-bit timers for pulse-width measurements.
Oscillators consists of optional external 1 to 25 MHz crystal or oscillator, internal 12 MHz oscillator, internal programmable 9.3 kHz to 2.3 MHz watchdog oscillator, and one internal PLL for CPU.
The LPC1100LV series primarily targets a low operating voltage range of 1.65 to 1.95 volt power. Its I²C is limited to 400 kHz. It is available in two power supply options: A 1.8 volt single power supply (WLCSP25 andHVQFN24 packages), or 1.8 volt (core) / 3.3 volt (IO/analog) dual power supply with 5 volt tolerant I/O (HVQFN33 package). The available packages areWLCSP25 (2.17 mm × 2.32 mm), HVQFN24 and HVQFN33.[28][72]
The LPC11A00 series primarily targets analog features, such as: 10-bit ADC, 10-bit DAC, analog comparators, analog voltage reference, temperature sensor,EEPROM memory. The available packages areWLCSP20 (2.5 mm x 2.5 mm),HVQFN33 (5 mm x 5 mm),HVQFN33 (7 mm x 7 mm),LQFP48.[32][73]
The LPC11C00 series primarily targetsCAN bus features, such as: one MCAN controller, and the LPC11C22 and LPC11C24 parts include an on-chip high-speed CAN transceiver. The available package isLQFP48.[33][74] TheLPC11C24-LPCXpresso development board is available from NXP.
The LPC11U00 series primarily targetsUSB features, such as: USB 2.0 full-speed controller. It's the first Cortex-M0 with integrated drivers in ROM. This series is pin-compatible with the LPC134x series.[25][77] TheLPC11U14-LPCXpresso development board is available from NXP. Thembed LPC11U24 board is also available.
The NXP LPC800 microcontroller family are based on theCortex-M0+ ARM processor core. Unique features include a pin switch matrix, state configurable timer, clockless wake-up controller, single-cycle GPIO,DIP8 package. TheLPC812-LPCXpresso development board is available from NXP. The summary for this series is:[35][79][80]
Includes a single-cycle 32x32 bit multiplier, 24-bit SysTick Timer, Vector Table Relocation, full NVIC with 32 interrupts and four levels of priorities, single-cycle GPIO.
Doesn't include a memory protection unit (MPU), nor a wake-up interrupt controller (WIC). Instead NXP added their own clockless wake-up controller to lower power usage.
The debug interface isSWD with four breakpoints, two watchpoints, 1 KB Micro Trace Buffer (MTB).JTAG debugging is not supported.
Flash sizes of 4 / 8 / 16 KB general purpose, zero wait-state up to 20 MHz, one wait-state up to 30 MHz.
ROM size of 8 KB, which contains a boot loader with optional booting from USART. The ROM also contains anAPI for USART communication, I²C communication, flash programming, in-system programming, and power profile.
Each chip has a factory-programmed 128-bit unique device identifier number.
Oscillators consists of optional external 1 to 25 MHz crystal or oscillator, internal 12 MHz oscillator, internal programmable 9.3 kHz to 2.3 MHz watchdog oscillator, and one internal PLL for CPU.
Each LPCXpresso board has the following common features:
On-board LPC-LINK for programming and debugging via aMiniUSB connector.
Board can be cut into two separate boards: LPC-LINK board and target microcontroller board.
Power input from 5 V via the USB cable or 5 V external power. If boards are separated, then 3.3 V external power is required for the target microcontroller board.
All LPC microcontrollers have a ROM'ed bootloader that supports loading a binary image into its flash memory using one or more peripherals (varies by family). Since all LPC bootloaders support loading from the UART peripheral and most boards connect a UART toRS-232 or aUSB-to-UART adapter IC, thus it's a universal method to program the LPC microcontrollers. Some microcontrollers requires the target board to have a way to enable/disable booting from the ROM'ed bootloader (i.e. jumper / switch / button).
lpc21isp A multi-platform open-source tool to flash LPC microcontrollers over the UART.
Flash Magic, a commercial program forWindows andmacOS to perform in-system programming of the LPC flash via its UART.
nxp_isp_loader, an open-source tool to flash LPC microcontrollers over the UART.
Debugging tools (JTAG / SWD)
OpenOCD, an open source software package for JTAG access using a wide variety of hardware adapters.
LPC-Link 2, by NXP, a JTAG / SWD debug adapter that has multiple firmware releases available to emulate popular debug adapter protocols, such as: J-Link by Segger, CMSIS-DAP by ARM, Redlink by Code Red Technologies. All connectors are 1.27 mm (0.05-inch) pitch.[36][37]
The amount of documentation for all ARM chips is daunting, especially for newcomers. The documentation for microcontrollers from past decades would easily be inclusive in a single document, but as chips have evolved so has the documentation grown. The total documentation is especially hard to grasp for all ARM chips since it consists of documents from the IC manufacturer (NXP Semiconductors) and documents from CPU core vendor (ARM Holdings).
A typical top-down documentation tree is: manufacturer website, manufacturer marketing slides, manufacturer datasheet for the exact physical chip, manufacturer detailed reference manual that describes common peripherals and aspects of a physical chip family, ARM core generic user guide, ARM core technical reference manual, ARM architecture reference manual that describes the instruction set(s).
NXP documentation tree (top to bottom)
NXP website.
NXP marketing slides.
NXP datasheet.
NXP reference manual.
ARM core website.
ARM core generic user guide.
ARM core technical reference manual.
ARM architecture reference manual.
NXP has additional documents, such as: evaluation board user manuals, application notes, getting started guides, software library documents, errata, and more. SeeExternal Links section for links to official NXP and ARM documents.
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