 NVS series spacecraft | |
| Mission type | Navigation |
|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO |
| COSPAR ID | 2025-020A |
| SATCATno. | 62850 |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Bus | I-2K |
| Manufacturer | ISRO Satellite Centre Space Applications Centre |
| Launch mass | 2250 kg |
| Power | 3 kW |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 29 January 2025, 06:23IST |
| Rocket | GSLV-F15 |
| Launch site | Satish Dhawan,SLP |
| Contractor | ISRO |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | GTO |
| Longitude | 111.75° East (planned) |
| Perigee altitude | 165 km (103 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 36,577 km (22,728 mi) |
NVS-02 is the second satellite in theNVS series, equipped with navigation payloads in L1, L5, and S bands, as well as a ranging payload in C-band. The vehicle is based on the conventionalI-2K bus platform, with a lift-off mass of 2250 kg and a power handling capacity of approximately 3 kW. It was planned to replaceIRNSS-1E at the orbital slot of 111.75° East.[1][2][3]
NVS-02, the second satellite in the NVS series is configured with Navigation payload inL1,L5 andS bands in addition to ranging payload inC-band like its predecessor-NVS-01.It was planned to provide two types of services, namely,Standard Positioning Service (SPS) andRestricted Service (RS). SPS provides a position accuracy of better than 20 m (2σ) and timing accuracy better than 40 ns (2σ) over the primary service Area.[4]
NVS-02 satellite was designed, developed and integrated atU R Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) with the support of other satellite-based work Centres. On completion of Assembly and Integrated Testing (AIT), the satellite was subjected to satellite level thermovac test to verify and validate its design and performance in simulated space environment during November-December 2024. The satellite underwent dynamic test during December 2024 thus confirming its suitability to withstand the dynamic loads anticipated during launch.[4]
A comprehensive Pre-shipment Review (PSR) of the performance and compliance of the Satellite during various phases of its realization was completed on December 27, 2024. The satellite was flagged off to SDSC-SHAR on January 05, 2025.[4]
NVS-02 was launched aboardGSLV-F15.The rocket lifted off from the spaceport’s second launch pad at 6.23 a.m. on 29th January 2025, marking ISRO's first launch of the year and the 17th flight of theGSLV and the 11th flight of Mk2 Variant. The satellite was injected into theGTO 19 minutes after launch from Sriharikota.This marked ISRO's 100th Spaceflight launch fromSatish Dhawan Space Center.[5][6][7]
It was the First mission undertaken by newly appointed ISRO chairmanV. Narayanan.[8]
Following launch, ISRO reported thatorbit raising operations towards positioning the satellite to the designatedorbital slot could not be carried out as the valves for admitting theoxidizer fuel for the main engine did not open. From this point, the spacecraft will not be able to complete its mission objectives. The spacecraft is currently still in aGeostationary transfer orbit with aperigee of about 165 km and anapogee of around 36,577 km. All other Systems are reported to be working normally.[9][10]
ISRO has formed a Failure Analysis committee headed by former ChairmanA S Kiran Kumar to look into the causes for the failure of the pyro valve in the spacecraft.[11]The committee had determined the fault following a thorough investigation and presented the Failure Analysis Report to the Indian Government in October 2025.[12]
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