NI Railways

Class 3000 trains atCastlerock
Overview
Main region	Northern Ireland
Fleet	47
Stations called at	54
Parent company	NITHCo (Translink)
Dates of operation	1967–
Predecessor	Ulster Transport Authority
Technical
Track gauge	1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)Irish gauge
Electrification	Unelectrified Network
Length	333 kilometres (207 mi)[1]
Operating speed	National speed limit: 90 mph (145 km/h)
Other
Website	www.translink.co.uk
Route map

NI Railways, also known asNorthern Ireland Railways (NIR; and for a brief periodUlster Transport Railways; UTR), is the railway operator in Northern Ireland. NIR is a subsidiary ofTranslink, whose parent company is theNorthern Ireland Transport Holding Company (NITHCo), and is one of ten publicly owned train operators in the United Kingdom, the others beingDirect Rail Services,Caledonian Sleeper,Northern Trains,Transport for Wales Rail,Southeastern,LNER,ScotRail,South Western Railway andTransPennine Express. It has a common Board of Management with the other two companies in the group,Ulsterbus andMetro (formerly Citybus).

The rail network in Northern Ireland is not part of theNational Rail network of Great Britain, nor does it usestandard gauge, instead usingIrish gauge in common with the Republic of Ireland. Also, NIR is the only commercial non-heritage passenger operator in the United Kingdom to operate avertical integration model, with responsibility of all aspects of the network including running trains, maintaining rolling stock and infrastructure, and pricing. Since theSingle European Railway Directive 2012, the company has allowedopen access operations by other rail operators, although no operator has started such a service.^[2] In 2019, NI Railways carried over 15 million passengers.^[3]

NIR jointly runs theEnterprise train service between Belfast and Dublin withIarnród Éireann. There is no link to therail system in Great Britain;proposals have been made, but allowances would have to be made for the different rail gauge in use in Britain (standard gauge) and Ireland (Irish gauge).

From the early 20th century until 1948, the three main railway companies in Northern Ireland were theGreat Northern Railway Ireland (GNRI), which had around one half of its network north of the border; theNorthern Counties Committee (NCC), owned by theMidland Railway of England and later theLondon, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS); and the smallBelfast and County Down Railway (BCDR). The Transport Act (Northern Ireland) 1948 created theUlster Transport Authority (UTA), which took over the BCDR later that year, followed by the NCC in 1949 as a result of theIreland Act 1949. In 1958, the GNRI was dissolved and its lines north of the border were also taken over by the UTA. Under the UTA's management, the railway network of Northern Ireland shrank from 900 miles (1,450 km) to 225 miles (362 km). The UTA was split into rail and road operations in 1967, and the rail operations were taken over by the present company Northern Ireland Railways (NIR).^[4]Suffering frequent disruption and damage to infrastructure caused bythe Troubles and starved of investment by successive political administrations, the NIR network had become badly run down by the 1960s, with old rolling stock and poorly maintained track. NIR's last steam locomotives were withdrawn in 1970.^{[citation needed]}In 1970, NIR re-launched the once-popularEnterprise between Dublin and Belfast with three newNIR Class 101 diesel locomotives built by Hunslet in England andMark 2B carriages built byBritish Rail Engineering Limited (BREL). Despite frequent interruptions due to bomb scares, the service has remained a more or less constant feature of the NIR network.^{[citation needed]}

As older trains became obsolete in the 1970s, theClass 80 slam-doordiesel-electric multiple unit was introduced. BREL built these units between 1974 and 1977 toBritish Rail's Mark 2 design with some trailer cars rebuilt from hauled stock. The power cars were powered by anEnglish Electric 4SRKT engine, nicknamed 'Thumpers' due to their characteristic sound, and had two English Electric 538 traction motors. These entered service on the suburban lines aroundBelfast, becoming a stalwart on the whole network. They remained in service until 2012, latterly primarily on the Larne-Belfast line and the Coleraine-Portrush Line. In the early 1980s, NIR purchased one of the prototypeLEV Railbuses built to test therailbus concept. This was intended for theColeraine-Portrush branch, but was withdrawn due to the capacity constraints of a single car. A plan was mooted to use it on theLisburn-Antrim line to prevent it from being closed. This proposal failed, again because of the limited capacity.^[5]

NIR has threeEMDclass 111 locomotives, 111–113, for freight and passenger use, built in October 1980 (111–112) and December 1984 (113). During the eighties it was apparent that additional trains would be needed. BREL built nine450 Class sets on formerMark 1 underframes between 1985 and 1987. The power cars had an English Electric 4SRKT engine recovered from former 70 Class units (except 459, which used the engine recovered from 80 Class power car 88) and had two English Electric 538 traction motors. The sets were three-cardiesel-electric multiple units, based on a more modern British design, with air-operated sliding doors. They were withdrawn from service in 2012 and replaced by new4000 Class diesel multiple units. In 1994, NIR bought two EMD208 Class locomotives identical toIarnród Éireann's 201 Class. These haul the cross-borderEnterprise dedicated trains of modern carriages.^{[citation needed]}

Since 2002, NIR has modernised its rolling stock, with a full fleet replacement of new trains built by the Spanish companyCAF.^[6] 23Class 3000diesel multiple units made up the first batch of trains ordered at a cost of £80 million. They offered greater capacity, performance and accessibility than their predecessors when they were delivered in 2004 and 2005.^[7] The next order was for 20Class 4000s, built 2010–2012. These offered similar benefits to the Class 3000s and completed the fleet replacement.^[8] Additionally, NIR has purchased 23 new carriages, via an option in the existing Class 4000 train procurement contract, these are to be used to extend Seven trains from three cars to six cars, which will add much more capacity and will also allow only one guard to be needed on a six-car train, which required two before.^[9]In 2021,Translink announced it would change all of its iconic logos (used for the previous 25 years in the Translink brand and sub brands such as NI Railways,Ulsterbus &Metro) to a new design. The design was intended to focus to "modernise and simplify the brand presence". The creation of the logo cost £15,000 and was created by Belfast-based company McCadden Design in partnership withTranslink.^[10][11]

Translink's performance statistics for the 26 weeks up to 30 March 2025 noted an average punctuality for rail services of 96.2 %, with the Portadown/Newry Line showing the greatest average punctuality at 97.8 %, and the Portrush Line the least at 94.2 %.^[12] Among other accolades, NIR won the UK Rail Business of the Year Award for 2008.^[13]

NIR carried 13.4 million passengers in 2014–15 (up from 10.4 million in 2010–2011), representing 417 million passenger-km and earning £43.6 million in ticket sales.^[14]

In 2018–2019, NIR recorded 15.8 million passenger journeys, the largest in the company's 50-year history.^[15]

NIR Passenger Numbers Since 2010

Year	Total
2010 - 2011	10.4 million[14]
2011 - 2012	10.7 million[16]
2012 - 2013	11.5 million[16]
Final ageing80 and450 Class trains are replaced with modernC4K railcars
2013 - 2014	12.5 million[17]
2014 - 2015	13.4 million[14]
2015 - 2016	13.5 million[17]
2016 - 2017	14.2 million[17]
2017 - 2018	15.0 million[18]
NI Railways' 50th Anniversary
2018 - 2019	15.8 million[15]
COVID-19 pandemic begins, bringing with it long periods of travel restrictions
2019 - 2020	15.1 million[19]
2020 - 2021	3.3 million[19]
2021 - 2022	8.7 million[19]
End of COVID-19 travel restrictions
2022 - 2023	11.5 million[20]

Class	Image	Type	Top speed		Number Delivered	Routes operated	Built
			mph	km/h
Passenger fleet
Class 3000		Diesel multiple unit	90	145	23	Belfast –Derry~Londonderry Belfast –Newry Belfast –Bangor Belfast –Larne Coleraine –Portrush Belfast –Dublin (Enterprise)a	2003–2005
Class 4000					20	Belfast –Derry~Londonderry Belfast –Newry Belfast –Bangor Belfast –Larne Coleraine –Portrush	2010–2021
Infrastructure fleet
111 Class		Diesel locomotive	90	145	3	Infrastructure duties	1980–1984
201 Class		Diesel locomotive	102	164	2	Belfast -Dublin (Enterprise) Infrastructure duties	1994–1995
MPV		Diesel multiple unit	62	100	1	Sandite duties	2016
a Only 6 Class 3000 units are equipped withCAWS, which allows them to operate in theRepublic of Ireland.

NIR also owns half of the 28De Dietrich stock coaches used byEnterprise, the international service between Belfast and Dublin. These units have their own unique livery, and do not operate under NIR branding or on any other services in Northern Ireland or the Republic. In 2005, NIR investigated obtaining sevenClass 222 DEMUs built for British operatorMidland Mainline to use for Enterprise, but these entered service with their intended operator. They would have required significant modification to enable NIR to use them, including conversion fromstandard gauge toIrish gauge.^[21]

NIR retained one Class 80 unit (three power cars and two driving trailers) as itssandite train during the 2012-2017 leaf fall seasons. It was planned that a Class 450 unit was to be used for this role.^[22] However, in 2015, Translink awarded a contract toWindhoff Bahn AG to procure a new double endedmulti-purpose vehicle to undertake sandite and high-pressure water spraying, as well as weed killing operations.^[23]

In 2004/2005, NIR received 23Class 3000 diesel multiple units fromCAF of Spain in an £80 million order.^[7] The final unit, 3023, arrived in Belfast Harbour on Monday 18 July 2005.^[24] All units had entered service by 24 September 2005. A maintenance contract with CAF for these vehicles was extended in May 2020 for another 15 years.^[25]

In 2007, NIR announced plans to purchase up to 20 trains under its "New Trains 2010" proposal following the confirmation of its expected budget. This fleet replaced the remaining Class 80 and Class 450 trains by March 2012. Renamed as "New Trains Two", this project went out to tender in late 2007.^[8] In March 2009 it was announced that CAF had been selected to build the new fleet, namedClass 4000.^[26] The first units were delivered in March 2011, with entry into service in September 2011^[27]

In December 2018, NIR, announced that 21 additional carriages would be purchased from CAF at the cost of £50 million, via an option in the existing Class 4000 train procurement contract. The first of the new carriages arrived in Belfast in March 2021, they were integrated onto Unit 4017 and tested throughout the summer, until being put into service on 29 September 2021.^[9]

Class	Image	Type	Built	Withdrawn	Notes
Class Z		Steam locomotive	1949	1969	Ex-SLNCR Lough class. No. 49 Lough Erne preserved at theRailway Preservation Society of Ireland.
Class WT			1946–1950	1969–1971	2-6-4tank engines nicknamed "Jeeps" due to their general purpose traffic ability. Used for Spoil trains fromMagheramorne to shores ofBelfast Lough as well as shunting, passenger and freight. Arguably the last steam locomotives in mainline operation in Ireland and the British Isles. No. 4 preserved at theRailway Preservation Society of Ireland.
Class 1		Diesel locomotive	1969	1989	Shunters. Since withdrawal two have been rebuilt for work inSri Lanka; one is in storage inWales.
101 Class			1970	2002	Intended for loco hauled Enterprise services. One preserved at theUlster Folk and Transport Museums
104 Class			1956–1957	1997	Originally operated underCIÉ; six transferred to NIR in 1986. All scrapped.
AEC		Diesel multiple unit	1948–1950	1972	10 Inherited from the UTA. All scrapped.
BUT			1956–1958	1975–1980	Nine vehicles converted to hauled stock over the 1970s, these lasted until 1980. All scrapped.
MED			1952–1954	1973–1978	Intended for local services aroundBelfast. All scrapped.
MPD			1957–1962	1981–1984	Intended for longer distance formerNCC routes and Enterprise. All scrapped.
70 Class			1966–1968	1985–1986	Passenger DEMU. Engines recovered for use in 450 Class units. One intermediate is preserved at the Downpatrick and County Down Railway. One driving trailer was also preserved, but was destroyed.
80 Class			1974–1979	2011–2017	Passenger DEMU affectionately nicknamed 'Thumpers'. Operated on all routes. Also used forSandite until 2017. Four cars preserved at theDownpatrick and County Down Railway and one at theEast Lancashire Railway.
450 Class			1985–1987	2011–2012	Passenger DEMU nicknamed the Castle Class by enthusiasts. Power cars named after Northern Ireland castles. Initially designed for commuter or branch line traffic but could be found over the entire network. One example is preserved on theDownpatrick and County Down Railway.
RB3		Diesel railcar	1980	1990	Prototype built forBritish Rail; transferred to NIR in 1983. Preserved at the Gwendraeth Valley Railway.
Mark 2 'Gatwicks'		Passenger Carriage	1973	2009	Bought fromGatwick Express in 2001 and later used on theBelfast-Portadown route once a day until 2009.

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NIR maintains the following lines:

• Bangor Line. Commuter line running northeast from Belfast. Travels along the north Down coast to the seaside town ofBangor. The only remaining line from the historicalBelfast & County Down Railway.
• Derry~Londonderry Line. The only inter-city line located entirely within Northern Ireland. Longest route by time and length. This line is sometimes referred to the Maiden City Flyer, joining the two main cities of Northern Ireland.
• Dublin Line. Inter-city line running south over the Irish border toDublin. All services operate under the brandEnterprise. This service is operated in conjunction withIarnród Éireann, who are responsible for the line south of the border.
• Larne Line. Commuter line running north from Belfast. Most of this line is coastal, with a terminus at Larne Harbour, allowing interchange with the ferry service toCairnryan.
• Newry Line. Commuter line running southwest from Belfast. Travels through several urban centres in Counties Down and Armagh.
• Portrush Line. A generally-rural branch line connecting the Causeway coast towns of Coleraine and Portrush. The shortest line on the NIR network, with only four stations, and the only line not to enter Belfast.
• Lisburn–Antrim line. The former route for Derry~Londonderry Line trains south of Antrim between 1976 and 2001. Currently mothballed, with no scheduled passenger service operating since 2003. Has rarely been used as a diversion for Derry~Londonderry Line trains. A study is now underway to understand the feasibility of reopening the track with a link toBelfast International Airport.

The track fromGrand Central toLanyon Place is shared by the Bangor, Derry~Londonderry and Larne lines. Beyond this, the Derry~Londonderry and Larne lines share track as far asBleach Green. On the other side of the city, the track from Grand Central toNewry is shared between the Dublin and Newry lines. The Portrush Line shares a small amount of track with the Derry~Londonderry Line atColeraine.

Signalling is controlled from Coleraine (Coleraine to Portrush), Portadown (the border to Lisburn), and Belfast Lanyon Place (From Lisburn to Belfast and the rest of the network).

NIR operates regular passenger trains along the following routes during the weekday inter-peak:

Northern Ireland Railways
Route	tph	Calling at
Belfast –Bangor	2	City Hospital,Botanic,Belfast Lanyon Place,Titanic Quarter,Sydenham,Holywood,Marino,Cultra,Seahill,Helen's Bay,Carnalea,Bangor West
Belfast –Derry~Londonderry	1	City Hospital,Botanic,Belfast Lanyon Place,York Street,Whiteabbey (limited),Mossley West,Antrim,Ballymena,Cullybackey,Ballymoney,Coleraine,Castlerock,Bellarena
Belfast –Portadown andNewry	2	Adelaide,Balmoral,Finaghy,Dunmurry,Derriaghy,Lambeg,Hilden,Lisburn,Moira,Lurgan 4tpd extended from/to Newry, calling at Portadown,Scarva,Poyntzpass
Belfast –Whitehead andLarne Harbour	2	City Hospital,Botanic,Belfast Lanyon Place,York Street,Whiteabbey,Jordanstown,Greenisland,Trooperslane,Clipperstown,Carrickfergus,Downshire 1tph extended to/from Larne Harbour, calling at Ballycarry,Magheramorne,Glynn,Larne Town
Coleraine –Portrush	1	University,Dhu Varren
Enterprise
Route	tph	Calling at
Belfast –Dublin Connolly	1	Portadown,Newry,Dundalk Clarke,Drogheda MacBride 1 Train on a Sunday from Belfast also calls atLisburn andLurgan Services operated jointly withIarnród Éireann

Following the re-opening of the 15-mile (24 km) Antrim – Bleach Green line in June 2001,^[28] which had been closed since 1978, NIR ceased passenger operations between Lisburn and Antrim on 29 June 2003. Combined with the new Dargan Bridge across the River Lagan in Belfast, the Bleach Green route offered faster journeys betweenDerry, Coleraine,Ballymena, Antrim and Belfast.

TheLisburn-Antrim railway line is still maintained, and occasional crew training operations are performed. While it is also available as a diversionary route, Knockmore, Ballinderry, Glenavy, and Crumlin stations remain closed to the public. The passing loops at Ballinderry and Crumlin have been removed.

The development of railways in Northern Ireland has been linked to the future economic growth of the region, and as a way of reducing road congestion.^[29] One of the major challenges that NIR has faced is the limited number of trains available for service at peak times. The limited fleet size has led to services being cancelled due to failures or delays. This can lead to widespread disruption across the network and potentially a huge loss in revenue. Upon its establishment in 1998, theNorthern Ireland Assembly put in place an investment programme costing £100 million to bring about major improvements. This saw projects including the purchase of the 3000 Class trains, the complete relaying of theBelfast-Larne line and the construction of a new maintenance depot.^[30] Following completion of this, as part of its long-term investment programme for NIR Translink conducted a "Strategic Rail Review" in 2004, an independent review of rail services to determine its funding request under theComprehensive Spending Review. This report determined that so-called "lesser used lines" were an important and economically viable part of the total network, and that investment should be consistent rather than in the "stop-go" manner of previous years.^[31]

A debate in the Northern Ireland Assembly on Monday 14 May 2007^[32] raised several proposals as to how the railway network could be improved:

• Reopening of existing but closed infrastructure, notably theLisburn-Antrim line
• Improvement of the infrastructure on theBelfast-Derry~Londonderry line through, at the very least, the installation ofpassing loops to allow service frequency to be increased, and upgrading the track to allow higher speeds.

Pressure groups have advocated the protection of former routes, where the track has been lifted but thetrackbed remains intact, to enable these to be reinstated for commuter traffic as an alternative to increased road building.^[33]

In October 2007, following the CSR that provided funding allocation to theNorthern Ireland Executive, theDepartment for Regional Development announced its draft budget.Conor Murphy, the Regional Development Minister, stated that approximately £137 million could be allocated from for investment in the railways for the period 2008–2011.^[34]

In June 2008, Brian Guckian, an independent transport researcher fromDublin, presented a wide-ranging proposal to Translink for a £460 million expansion of the network calledNorthern Ireland Network Enhancement (NINE). This proposes the return of the network to several towns that have not had access to rail services for many years; the main part of the proposal would see theDerry~Londonderry-Portadown line re-opened, which would linkOmagh,Strabane andDungannon, with branches toEnniskillen andArmagh. However, none of these enhancements are programmed to go to planning over the course of the next decade as of early 2013.^{[citation needed]}

Translink have plans to introduce a new ticketing system in 2018 similar to the system utilised by Irish Rail. This includes the introduction of ticket vending machines, allowing customers to purchase tickets via an electronic interface at the station (as opposed to the current system in which customers must pay staff for the ticket, who in turn print the customer's ticket for them), a 'smart card' 'tap on, tap off' system similar to theLeap Card and contactless payments.^[35]

The rail network is focused onGreater Belfast. Both theBangor andLarne lines have been re-laid in recent years, enabling timetable improvements to be delivered.^[36] The only significant "inter-city" routes are themain line between Belfast and Dublin, which covers services toNewry; and theBelfast-Derry line. This line issingle track with crossing loops north ofMossley West and single track only west ofCastlerock, which limits the service in both frequency and speed; in the current timetable the train takes 2hr4m^[37] while the bus takes 1hr50m.^[38] The pressure groupInto the West, which campaigns for improved rail links to the North West region, has stated that the need for a quality rail service, as part of a larger integrated transport policy, is vital to the economic development not just for the city of Derry but for the wider cross-border region.^[39]

On 21 November 2007, the Regional Development Minister announced that the investment strategy being considered by the NI Executive included the relaying of the Belfast-Londonderry line north ofColeraine, planned to include new signalling and a new crossing loop, allowing more trains. The total cost was £64 million, and began in 2011, lasting five years. Prior to the major relaying of the Coleraine-Londonderry section, £12 million was spent on improving the section betweenBallymena and Coleraine.^[40] This saw the stretch between Ballymena and Coleraine closed completely for four months, with a replacement bus service. Trains continued to run between Derry~Londonderry,Coleraine andPortrush, with a small fleet stabled at Coleraine^[41] – four trains were stabled instead of the three previously reported. Once the project was completed in 2016, there is a further proposal to add two trains per day, enabling journey times between Belfast and Derry~Londonderry to be reduced by up to 30 minutes.^[42] As part of this plan, Translink envisages an hourly service to Derry~Londonderry, half-hourly toBallymena. There have been proposals to improve the Belfast-Dublin line betweenKnockmore andLurgan, enabling journey times to be reduced and frequency increased.^[34] This will improve NIR's services and allow an hourly Enterprise service to Dublin.^[36]

In May 2008, the Regional Development Minister announced that his department would commission a study, in conjunction with Donegal County Council, to investigate the effects a resurrection of railway services in the north-west of Ireland with a long-term projection of building a railway line connecting Derry~Londonderry withSligo throughCounty Donegal.^[43]

As part of NIR's original plans for its new rolling stock, it has built a new traincare depot next toAdelaide station on the site of the old freight yard. As a means of improving timings of its services, it would have seen former station Belfast Great Victoria Street undergo a major refurbishment that will see the platforms lengthened and the curves reduced, together with the addition of a new fifth platform, all planned to bring about the transfer of Enterprise services fromBelfast Lanyon Place.^[44]

Further plans are afoot to double the track from Monkstown toTemplepatrick, to further increase capacity on the Derry~Londonderry line.^{[citation needed]}

In 2013, the then Minister forRegional Development,Danny Kennedy, indicated that a restoration of the route betweenPortadown andArmagh was under active consideration in the long term, pointing out the commercial opportunities for the city of Armagh and itshinterland to be reconnected to the railway network.^[45]

Speculation^[who?] remains that theLisburn-Antrim route could re-open, potentially to offer an alternative Antrim – Lisburn – Belfast service. The line is maintained both for crew training and as a diversionary route, and passes close toBelfast International Airport at Aldergrove. For a number of years there have been suggestions for astation to serve the airport.^[46] The airport has marked the building of a new station in its list of future plans,^[47] whileEasyJet, which is the largest operator into Belfast International, have been strong in advocating anairport rail link.^[48] The reopening of the Lisburn-Antrim line is seen not simply in terms of provision of a link to the airport – it would also allow for the further economic development of the area, which has seen increases in population as people use the towns in South Antrim as dormitory settlements for Belfast.^[49] In May 2009, the Minister for Regional Development stated that a proposal had been received from a private developer, the Kilbride Group, to restore the Knockmore line, indicating that he would be prepared to part fund a study into this if the local authorities provided the rest of the funding. The route was also included in a wider study of the development of the Northern Rail Corridor published at the end of 2009^[50]

The Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan 2015 identifies the need to improve transport links toGeorge Best Belfast City Airport from the city centre. The BMAP proposed alight rail line from the city centre that would have interchanged with anew railway station at Tillysburn, serving both the airport and theHolywood Exchange retail development.^[51] However, in April 2008 the decision was taken not to proceed with the light rail project, with the DRD choosing to implement a new bus-based network.^[52][53] The pressure groupRail 21 has stated that the Tillysburn proposal is insufficient for what the new station is expected to provide – a link to the airport, transport provision for Holywood Exchange and apark and ride facility. Instead it proposes a dedicated airport station, similar toGlasgow Prestwick Airport, connected directly to the terminal, with Tillysburn half a mile away serving Holywood Exchange, instead of Tillysburn providing the link to the airport.^[54]

There have also been calls,^[who?] as part of the wider upgrade of the rail route to Derry, for a railway station connecting toCity of Derry Airport, which is close to the railway line. However, the Government has determined that the number of passengers using the airport is not sufficient to justify a station.^[55]

Although the introduction of theClass 3000 trains was a success, they were a like-for-like replacement for the Class 80 units rather than an expansion of the fleet. Due to the limited number of new units, some of NIR's older rolling stock was retained, notably the entireClass 450 on theBelfast-Larne route. To enable NIR to maintain its levels of service, it upgraded some of its older rolling stock. In 2005, the Class 450 fleet was refurbished to a standard close to that of the Class 3000 units, which saw them through to their withdrawal in 2012. Three four-car Class 80 units were refurbished and a number of locomotives and coaches were converted to push-pull operation with the addition of the DBSO obtained from'one', to ensure that passenger rolling stock levels were maintained up to the introduction of new rolling stock in 2011 and 2012.^[56]

One of the major projects instigated by Translink was "New Trains Two" (formerly "New Trains 2010"), which saw the purchase of a new batch of rolling stock. At minimum, this was to be like-for-like replacement of theClass 450 trains, which were withdrawn in 2012. However, it was determined that to deliver improved frequency of service on the network the size of NIR's fleet had to be increased, and with that must come associated infrastructure improvements.^[31] The announcement of the investment programme confirmed "New Trains 2010", which procured 20 new trains to both replace the remainingClass 80 and Class 450 units and provide additional capacity.^[34] The specification given by the DRD stated that the new trains are to provide both inner and outer suburban commuter services and express services between Belfast and Dublin.^[57] TheClass 4000 fleet entered service on Thursday 29 September 2011.^[8] Twenty three-car units have been specified with an option to purchase an additional 20 vehicles, allowing the units to be lengthened to six cars.^[58]

In 2021, following the procurement of 21 additional vehicles purchased to extend a number of its Class 4000 units to six-cars, Translink published a new strategy indicating its intention to provide a zero emission service by 2040. As part of this, NI Railways will begin a process to purchase new rolling stock from 2026 to 2027. The intention is to procure or part procure two fleets - a total of 15 three-car units planned to be either bi-mode or tri-mode for NI Railways' own domestic services, and a fleet of 9 eight-car sets for use by Enterprise, the business case for which will be based on zero- or low-carbon technologies.^[59][60]

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