Planetary nebula in the constellation Gemini
TheEskimo Nebula (NGC 2392 ), also known as theClown Face Nebula ,Lion Nebula ,[ 4] Caldwell 39 , is abipolar [ 5] [ 6] planetary nebula (PN). It was discovered byastronomer William Herschel in 1787. The formation resembles a person's head surrounded by aparka hood. It is surrounded by gas that composed the outer layers of aSun -like star. The visible inner filaments are ejected by a strong wind of particles from the central star. The outer disk contains unusual, light-year-long filaments.
NGC 2392 lies about 6500 light-years away, and is visible with a smalltelescope in the constellation ofGemini .
At the center of NGC 2392, there is anO-type star (designatedHD 59088[ 7] spectral type of O(H)6f.[ 8]
Full color ground-based image of NGC2392. Processed byAdam Block (astrophotographer) . The nebula was discovered byWilliam Herschel on January 17, 1787, inSlough , England. He described it as "A star 9th magnitude with a pretty bright middle, nebulosity equally dispersed all around. A very remarkable phenomenon."[ 9] Astronomical League 's Herschel 400 observing program.
On 9 January 1982 it was occulted by theMoon during aTotal Lunar Eclipse (theJanuary 1982 lunar eclipse ) overGreenland , theArctic , the extreme northeast ofNorth America , the northern half ofEurope ,North andNortheast Asia . This event was seen by several observers inEngland . The occultation during total eclipse will happen again during theJanuary 2066 lunar eclipse over the northern half of Asia and theNorthwest Pacific .[ 10] : 158
Location of Eskimo Nebula in Gemini, just east ofδ Geminorum (annotated as 2392) On 11 August 2020, theIAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN),[citation needed NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED),[citation needed andSIMBAD Astronomical Database (CDS) discontinued use of three nicknames that were perceived as offensive – "Eskimo Nebula", "Clown Face Nebula", and "Clownface Nebula" – and strongly recommended the nebula be referred to by its NGC designation in further publications.[ 11] [ 1]
^ ^ 10 (≥880 pc distance) – 1) = ≤0.4 absolute magnitude^a b c d e "NGC 2392" .SIMBAD Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved2006-12-22 .^ Gaia Collaboration et al. (2018b):Summary of the contents and survey properties ^ O'Dell, C. R.; Balick, B.; Hajian, A. R.; Henney, W. J.; et al. (2002)."Knots in Nearby Planetary Nebulae" .The Astronomical Journal .123 (6):3329– 3347.Bibcode :2002AJ....123.3329O .doi :10.1086/340726 ^ Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects, 2nd Edition, Stephen James O'Meara, 2016, p.181 ^ O'dell, C. R.; Balick, B.; Hajian, A. R.; Henney, W. J.; et al. (2003)."Knots in Planetary Nebulae" . In S. J. Arthur & W. J. Henney (ed.).Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica (Serie de Conferencias)29– 33.Bibcode :2003RMxAC..15...29O . Archived fromthe original on 2018-05-01. Retrieved2007-01-04 . ^ Guerrero, M. A.; Chu, Y.-H.; Gruendl, R. A.; Meixner, M. (2005). "XMM-Newton detection of hot gas in the Eskimo Nebula: Shocked stellar wind or collimated outflows?".Astronomy and Astrophysics 430 (3):L69 – L72 .arXiv :astro-ph/0412540 Bibcode :2005A&A...430L..69G .doi :10.1051/0004-6361:200400131 .S2CID 6518963 . ^ Handler, G. (2 January 1996). "Three New Variable Planetary Nebula Central Stars: M 2-54, M 4-18 and NGC 2392".Information Bulletin on Variable Stars (4283).Konkoly Observatory ,Budapest :International Astronomical Union .Bibcode :1996IBVS.4283....1H . ^ González-Santamaría, I.; Manteiga, M.; Manchado, A.; Ulla, A.; Dafonte, C.; López Varela, P. (2021). "Planetary nebulae in Gaia EDR3: Central star identification, properties, and binarity".Astronomy & Astrophysics .656 : A51.arXiv :2109.12114 Bibcode :2021A&A...656A..51G .doi :10.1051/0004-6361/202141916 .S2CID 237940344 . ^ The Scientific Papers of Sir William Herschel byJ. L. E. Dreyer , Royal Society, London 1912^ Meeus, Jan (2002). "Occultations of deep-sky objects during a total lunar eclipse".More Mathematical Astronomy Morsels (PDF) . pp. 157– 162.ISBN 0943396743 ^ Talbert, Tricia (11 August 2020)."NASA to Reexamine Nicknames for Cosmic Objects" .NASA . Retrieved11 August 2020 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to
NGC 2392 .
NGC 2392 onWikiSky :DSS2 ,SDSS ,GALEX ,IRAS ,Hydrogen α ,X-Ray ,Astrophoto ,Sky Map ,Articles and images APOD (2003-12-07) – NGC 2392Eskimo Nebula Lowell ObservatoryThe Structure & Evolution of the Eskimo Planetary Nebula University of Maryland Astronomy DepartmentA Kinematic Determination of the Structure of the Double Ring Planetary Nebula NGC 2392, the Eskimo Astrophysical Journal v.362, p. 226 October 1990A Cat's Eye view of the Eskimo from Saturn Maria-Teresa Garc ́ıa-D ́ıaz, Jose-Alberto L ́opez, Wofgang Steffen, Michael G. Richer and Hortensia Riesgo, 2011
