| NEPOMUK | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Initial release | 1 January 2006; 20 years ago (2006-01-01) |
| Written in | C++,Java |
| Type | Semantic desktop |
| License | Various (BSD-style preferred)[1] |
| Website | nepomuk nepomuk |
NEPOMUK (Networked Environment for Personal, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge) is anopen-source software specification that is concerned with the development of a socialsemantic desktop that enriches and interconnects data from different desktop applications using semanticmetadata stored asResource Description Framework (RDF). Between 2006 and 2008 it was funded by a European Union research project of the same name[2] that grouped together industrial and academic actors to develop various Semantic Desktop technologies.
Three active implementations of NEPOMUK exist: AC++/KDE-based variant, aJava-based variant, and a commercial version. More versions were created during the EU project between 2006 and 2008, some active beyond the project.[3]
NEPOMUK-KDE was originally featured as one of the newer technologies inKDE Software Compilation 4.[4] It usedSoprano as the main RDF data storage and parsing library, while handlingontology imports through theRedland RDF Application Framework Raptor parserplug-in and the storage plug-in; all RDF data was stored byVirtuoso Universal Server which also handled full-text indexing.[5] On a technical level, NEPOMUK-KDE allowed associating metadata to various items present on a normal user's desktop such as files, bookmarks, e-mails, and calendar entries. Metadata could be arbitrary RDF. Tagging is the most user-visible metadata application.
As the KDE SC 4 series of releases progressed, it became apparent that NEPOMUK was not delivering the performance and user experience that had initially been anticipated. As a result of this, in KDE SC 4.13 a new indexing and semantic search technologyBaloo was introduced, with a short transition period allowing applications to be ported and data to be migrated before the removal of NEPOMUK.[6][7]Baloo initially usedSQLite but currently usesLMDB[8]for storage, andXapian for searching.
TheZeitgeist framework, used byGNOME andUbuntu'sUnity user interface, uses the NEPOMUK ontology, as does theTracker search engine.
The Java-based implementation of NEPOMUK[9] was finished at the end of 2008 and served as a proof-of-concept environment for several novel semantic desktop techniques. It features its own frontend (PSEW) that integrates search, browsing, recommendation, and peer-to-peer functionality. The Java implementation uses theSesame RDF store and the Aperture[10] framework for integrating with other desktop applications such as mail clients and browsers.
A number of artifacts have been created in the context of the Java research implementation:
Implementation of the commercialSoftware as a service productRefinder[12] started in 2009 and a limited beta-version was released in December 2010.[13]Refinder was developed by Gnowsis, a spin-off company of the German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) (project lead in the NEPOMUK EU project). The start-up was shut down in late 2013,[14] with no plans to make the implementation code available.
Refinder uses the same data formats as the other implementations, but usingSoftware as a service instead of the desktop approach of the other implementations.
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